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Revisiting the effects of paraquat treatment on different
No full textParaquat is a chemical compound that stimulates the exudation of pine resin. Treatment with this compound also induced lightwood in some pine trees. Lightwood formation in these species could potentially increase the quantity and quality of naval stores chemicals from these species
Fractional infinity Laplacian with obstacle
No full textThis paper deals with the obstacle problem for the fractional infinity Laplacian with nonhomogeneous term , where :
with
[[EQUATION]]\\
Under the assumptions that is a continuous and monotone function and that the boundary datum is in for some . Then, we show some uniform H\"older estimates on that guarantee that where this limit function turns out to be a solution to our obstacle problem
Maternal blood lead levels and low birth weight: A cross-sectional study
No full textPrenatal lead (Pb) exposure is a growing concern in low- and middle-income countries due to its potential impact on fetal development. Lead readily crosses the placental barrier, potentially contributing to low birth weight (LBW) and impaired neonatal outcomes. This study aimed to investigate the association between maternal blood lead levels and the incidence of low birth weight among pregnant women in Makassar, Indonesia. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 50 third-trimester pregnant women in Makassar. Blood samples were collected to measure lead concentration using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), and hemoglobin levels were assessed using the cyanmethemoglobin method. Socio-demographic data were obtained through structured questionnaires. Statistical analyses included Spearman correlation and Mann–Whitney tests, with a significance level of p < 0.05. The average maternal blood lead concentration was 4.01 µg/dL (SD: 0.07), with 42% of participants exceeding the 5 µg/dL threshold. The incidence of LBW was 10% (n = 5). Although higher blood lead levels were observed in LBW cases, the association was not statistically significant (r = 0.079, p = 0.586). No significant associations were found between hemoglobin levels, maternal age, occupation, and LBW. This study found no statistically significant association between maternal blood lead levels and low birth weight. However, the presence of elevated lead levels in a substantial proportion of participants warrants further investigation in larger cohorts
Selective reduction for nickel laterite using sodium sulfate and palm kernel shell charcoal followed by magnetic separation
No full textThe selective reduction process of laterite nickel ore using sodium sulfate (Na2SO4) and palm shell charcoal has been studied to enhance the separation of nickel from impurities at high temperatures. This study aims to optimize the reduction process of laterite nickel by utilizing sodium sulfate (10% by weight) as fluxing agent and palm shell charcoal (5% by weight) as an environmentally friendly carbon source to achieve efficient reduction. The study used variables such as particle size fraction (-60# (mesh) +80# (mesh), -80 (mesh) #+100# (mesh), and -100# (mesh)). Each particle size fraction was then formed into pellets and reduced at temperature of 950 °C, 1050 °C, and 1150 °C for 60 minutes by using a muffle furnace. Magnetic separation was subsequently performed using varying magnetic field strengths of 500 G, 1000 G, and 1500 G. the results yielded ferronickel concentrate (magnetic) and tailing (non-magnetic). The optimal result with the highest nickel concentrate (5,332%) was obtained under high temperature condition (1150 °C), particle size fraction of -80# (mesh) +100# (mesh), and a magnetic field strength of 1000 G
Analysis of The Effect of Heat Treatment on Changes in Mechanical Properties and Electronic Performance of Thin Foil for Electronic Components
No full textThe rapid development of the electronics industry creates a need for small-sized materials with good mechanical properties and electronic performance to improve efficiency during production. However, in thin materials deformation is prone to occur during the production process which can damage the mechanical properties of the material. To minimize the deformation that occurs, heat treatment is performed. Heat treatment is carried out at temperatures of 400 °C, 650 °C, and 900 °C and different cooling, namely furnace cooling, air cooling, and water cooling. Observations to evaluate the effect of heat treatment, with heating at various temperatures and different cooling rates on the mechanical properties and electronic performance of 304 stainless steel thin foil. Tensile tests were conducted to determine changes in the mechanical properties of the samples, while the electronic performance to be observed is the conductivity carried out by the steady state method on two hot plates. The results show that the higher the temperature and the faster the cooling rate during heat treatment, the conductivity of the sample increases, the best conductivity is obtained from the water cooling sample heated at 900 °C with a conductivity value of 20.38 W/mK with a time range of 515 seconds. Although conductivity increased after heat treatment, the average value of mechanical properties decreased, from the tensile test conducted, the highest UTS sample was 847.75 MPa in the water cooling sample with 650 °C heating. The rapid development of the electronics industry creates a need for small-sized materials with good electrical conductivity. Surface roughness (Ra) was measured using Aziz equation which was found in 2022
A uniform rate of convergence for the entropic potentials in the quadratic Euclidean setting
No full textWe bound the rate of uniform convergence in compact sets for both entropic potentials and their gradients towards the Brenier potential and its gradient, respectively. Both results hold in the quadratic Euclidean setting for absolutely continuous measures satisfying some convexity assumptions
Effect of Whey Dangke-Supplementation Diets on Lipid Metabolism in Friesian Holstein Dairy Calves
No full textEffective feed management in dairy calves is essential for their performance as high-quality replacement stock. To support optimal growth, calf starters must possess high nutritional value and digestibility. Enhancing the digestibility of calf starter feed can be achieved by including whey dangke, a by-product known for its high protein digestibility. These lipid parameters are vital for growth, including tissue development and as precursors for various growth-related hormones. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the concentrations of triglycerides, HDL, LDL, and cholesterol in response to dietary supplementation with whey dangke. A completely randomized design was employed, with three treatment groups and six replicates per group. The treatments involved levels of whey dangke supplementation: T0 (0% of body weight), T1 (2.5%), and T2 (5%). A total of 18 Friesian Holstein dairy calves aged 2-3 months were used in the experiment. The findings demonstrated that whey dangke supplementation significantly affected (P<0.05) blood cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations. As the supplementation level increased, both cholesterol and triglyceride levels decreased, yet remained within normal physiological ranges. Significantly, supplementation up to 5% did not disrupt blood lipid profiles, indicating that whey dangke is safe and does not induce adverse health effects in dairy calves
Application of Modified Cassava Flour on Restructured Meat Product: A Review
No full textModified cassava flour is a derivative product obtained through the fermentation of cassava roots, which are rich in carbohydrates and possess high nutritional value. The modification process improves its functional properties, making it suitable as an additive in various food products, particularly in restructured meat. Restructured meat refers to products in which small meat pieces, trimmings, or granules are combined and processed to form larger, uniform portions that resemble whole cuts of meat. This method not only maximizes the utilization of raw materials but also enhances economic efficiency in meat processing. Modified cassava flour is used as a filler or binder, improving the cohesiveness, texture, and overall quality of the final product. This study reviews the utilization of modified cassava flour in restructured meat products. Furthermore, the study summarizes recent research findings regarding the incorporation of modified cassava flour in diverse restructured meat products. In beef patties, substituting bread crumbs with mocaf flour, even up to 75%, has been shown to decrease pH, cooking weight loss, and water content while increasing tenderness. The addition of modified cassava flour increased the water content in chicken nugget whereas its application in meat sausages, with a ratio of modified cassava starch to mocaf of 80:20 being preferred for taste and texture. The discussion also addresses the benefits, potential challenges, and future development opportunities of using modified cassava flour, thereby offering valuable insights and serving as a reference for further innovations in the field of meat product processing and functional ingredient application
The Evaluation Profile of Onion Peel Extract (
No full textThis study aims to evaluate the scanning electron microscopy (SEM), density, and bacterial inhibition of onion peel as a potential poultry feed additive. The material used in this study was onion peel. Particle morphology was analyzed using a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) DEX tool with 10,000× magnification to observe particle structure and identify chemical elements. The density test was conducted to determine the volume occupied by particle mass. The bacterial inhibition test was carried out to identify the antimicrobial activity against E. coli, Salmonella sp. and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) around the wells. The results showed that the shape of the onion peel particles was irregular, resembling logs and lumps. The density of onion peel extract was (225 g/L). The inhibition test indicated that the solid extract of onion peel exhibited stronger antimicrobial activity compared to the solution or liquid extract. The inhibition zones of the solid extract were (10 mm) E. coli, (11.2 mm) Salmonella sp., and (7.1 mm) LAB. It can be concluded that onion peel flour has potential as a feed additive due to its digestible particle morphology (SEM), high particle density, and strong antimicrobial activity
Evaluation of Lactoferrin Transport
No full textThis study aimed to evaluate the absorption and transport of lactoferrin in vitro using the everted intestinal sac method and to determine its in vivo effects on growth performance and liver color (L*) in rats. The research material included bovine lactoferrin, FeSO₄·7H₂O, 0.9% NaCl solution and male albino rats (Rattus norvegicus) aged 4-5 months with body weights ranging from 200–350 g (in vitro) and male or female rats 7 day aged with body weights 10-15 g (in vivo) among other materials. The in vitro experiment demonstrated that lactoferrin absorption increased and reached a plateau at 60–70 mg/80 mL of 0.9% NaCl solution (14.53-14.92%), declined at higher concentrations, and was highest in the duodenal segment (15.38%), followed by the jejunum (11.59%) and ileum (6.89%). Time-course analysis revealed a progressive increase in absorption up to 75 minutes (17.66%) followed by a slight decline, indicating an active and saturable absorption mechanism. In the in vivo, rats receiving a combination of FeSO₄·7H₂O and lactoferrin showed the greatest body weight gain (1.61 g) and darker liver coloration (L* = 34.41), reflecting enhanced iron utilization and storage. These findings indicate that lactoferrin enhances intestinal iron absorption and improves physiological responses when combined with FeSO₄·7H₂O. The integration of in vitro and in vivo results highlights lactoferrin’s potential as a functional bioactive protein for improving iron bioavailability and promoting growth