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A brief whistle, a profound impact Is the whistle still needed in physical education? Case studies at SMP 1 Wonosari and SMP 6 Kota Gorontalo
No full textThe whistle has long been an instructional icon in physical education (PE) learning, particularly as a command tool that signals transitions and regulates physical activities. However, amid the 21st-century pedagogical shift emphasizing deep learning, an essential question arises: is the whistle still relevant as the primary instrument in a learning process that demands reflection, meaning-making and active student participation? This study employs a descriptive quantitative approach to explore students' perceptions of whistle use in PE learning. The sample consists of 180 students spread across two schools with different geographical characteristics: SMP 1 Wonosari, Boalemo Regency, and SMP Negeri 6, Gorontalo City. The instrument, a closed-ended questionnaire, was designed based on four dimensions of student perception: focus, discipline, motor response, and pedagogical meaning. The analysis results show that 62.7% of students fall into the agree and strongly agree categories, which indicates that whistles still support concentration, orderliness, and speed in responding to teachers' instructions. However, 37.3% of respondents expressed discomfort with the repetitive and contextually meaningless use of whistles, which is inconsistent with a reflective learning approach. The conclusion of this study confirms that whistles still have an important function in physical education learning, particularly as a marker of rhythm and regulator of classroom dynamics. However, to meet the pedagogical demands of the deep learning era, whistles need to be repositioned as instruments that are not merely technical tools, but rather part of a meaningful, contextual, and reflective learning process
Analysis of quadriceps muscle activation at different squat angles using maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC): A pilot study
No full textThe quadriceps muscles play a crucial role in active knee joint stabilization, particularly during functional activities such as squatting. Squat angle variations may influence muscle activation levels. This study aimed to analyze differences in activation of the rectus femoris (RF), vastus lateralis (VL), and vastus medialis (VM) during squat variations using the Maximum Voluntary Isometric Contraction (MVIC) parameter. This pilot study used an Experimental Single Group design involving 12 male futsal athletes from Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta (aged 19–22 years, normal BMI, normal Q-angle). Muscle activation was measured with surface electromyography (sEMG) at squat angles of 120°, 90°, and 60°, each repeated three times. Data analysis included the Shapiro-Wilk test for normality and Repeated Measures ANOVA for inter-angle differences. Result showed that the highest activation at 120° was observed in VL (98.73 µV), at 90° in VM (133.42 µV), and at 60° also in VM (176.80 µV). Repeated Measures ANOVA revealed significant differences across all squat angles (p<0.05). Squat angle variation influences quadriceps muscle activation. VM showed dominant activation at 90° and 60°, whereas VL was dominant at 120°. These findings may guide the design of targeted quadriceps strengthening programs based on knee joint angle
The effect of squat training on the fencing ability of south sulawesi athletes
No full textThis study aims to determine the effect of Squat exercises on the ability to attack epee weapons with South Sulawesi athletes. The research method used is a quasi-experimental design with a two-group pre-test-post-test design on a research sample of 10 people with squat exercise. The treatment was carried out for 16 meetings with a frequency of exercise 3 times a week, sets of 3 - 4 and repetitions of 10 - 14, and loading was carried out based on the individual ability of each sample. Based on the results of data analysis, it was found that squat exercise had a significant effect of -8.200 > α 0.05 on the ability to attack epee weapons with South Sulawesi athletes. Squat exercises are more effective because the characteristics of the squat exercise are closer to the characteristics of the attack movement in fencing. The results of this study recommend to coaches, athletes in an effort to increase the dominant physical component to increase the ability of epee weapon attacks in fencing to choose the form of squat exercises
Programa de Formação: A Fileira dos Produtos Resinosos em Portugal
No full textO presente manuscrito apresenta um plano de formação para a Fileira da Resina Natural, para que possa ser oferecido a este tecido económico uma oportunidade de formação pós-graduada na área científica Florestal, já que articula a aspiração de partilha de conhecimento e a necessidade do mesmo ser disseminado nesta Fileira.
O Programa agora apresentado é destinado aos quadros técnicos do sector florestal e industrial e terá um formato de sessões teóricas e práticas, de curta duração
An Investigation of health numeracy competence and confidence among nutrition students at an Indonesian university
No full textNumeracy is a fundamental requirement for success in tertiary education, enabling students to achieve course learning outcomes and minimize attrition. In nutrition and dietetics, students must possess the confidence and capability to apply mathematical reasoning to complex professional tasks, such as managing nutrient calculations and interpreting clinical data. This study investigated health numeracy competence and confidence among 107 undergraduate nutrition students at an Indonesian university using a cross-sectional design. Health numeracy was measured via the General Health Numeracy Test (GHNT-6) combined with a 0–10 scale confidence assessment. The findings revealed a critical deficiency in applied numeracy; specifically, only 5.6% of students correctly calculated carbohydrate content from a nutrition label. Furthermore, a Wilcoxon signed-rank test confirmed a significant "overconfidence gap" (p<.001), where students maintained high self-certainty despite inaccurate performance. This misalignment between perceived and actual capability poses a substantial risk to patient safety in clinical settings. These results underscore the urgent need for a specialized health numeracy support framework that targets both technical skill acquisition and metacognitive calibration, ensuring future nutritionists can effectively navigate the quantitative demands of their profession
Sugar-sweetened beverages intake as a correlate of nutritional status in students at SDN Sandana Tolitoli
No full textSugar-sweetened beverages are a major source of added sugar among school-aged children and may increase the risk of overweight and obesity. In elementary schools, consumption tends to rise due to easy access to packaged products. This study examined the frequency and amount of sugar-sweetened beverage consumption and its association with the nutritional status of elementary school students at Sekolah Dasar Negeri (SDN) Sandana, Tolitoli Regency. A descriptive analytic study with a cross-sectional approach was conducted involving 70 students from grades IV and V, selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected via interviews using a Semi Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (SQ-FFQ), 24-hour dietary recall, and anthropometric measurements. Statistical analysis used the Spearman Rank correlation test. Results showed that 27 students (38.6%) frequently consumed sugar-sweetened beverages, while 43 (61.4%) consumed them infrequently. Despite this, 28 students (40.0%) had excessive daily sugar intake (>50 grams/day), and 42 (60.0%) were within the adequate category, with an average intake of 43.2 grams/day close to the WHO recommended limit. These findings suggest that low consumption frequency does not necessarily reflect low sugar intake. No significant association was found between sugar intake and nutritional status, although average intake remained relatively high
Effects of Quenching Methods on Martensite Transformation and Shape Memory Effects of Cu-27.66Al-12.39Mn Alloy
No full textShape Memory Alloys (SMAs) exhibit unique functional properties associated with reversible martensitic transformation. This study investigates quenching methods on the microstructure and properties of Cu-27.66Al-12.39Mn (at.%) alloy. The alloy was fabricated by gravity casting, homogenized at 900 °C for 2 h with air cooling, and subsequently betatized at 900 °C for 30 min followed by three quenching routes: direct quenching (DQ), up quenching (UQ), and step quenching (SQ) The microstructure evolution of betatized sample was characterized by x-ray diffraction, optical and scanning electron microscope. The mechanical properties were evaluated by hardness and semi-empirical bending test. The alloy exhibited a β1 (L21) microstructure in both as-cast and as-homogenized conditions, with grain growth observed. The quenching method significantly effects on microstructure and hardness of Cu-Al-Mn alloy. All quenching method resulted in partial formation βʹ1 (18R) martensite with thin plate morphology. The hardness values of DQ, UQ, and SQ samples were 366.71, 359.61, and 347.74 HVN, respectively, relating with the inverse relationship with grain size. The martensitic transformation temperature expected on cryogenic temperature (< -60 °C), so the strain recovery test at room temperature failed
Natrium Cyanide Replacement with Environmentally Friendly Polymerized Cyanide GOLDIX for Leaching of Gold Ore from Sumbawa Indonesia
No full textIndonesia possesses abundant mineral resources, particularly gold ore. Leaching with sodium cyanide (NaCN) is commonly employed to extract gold in a cost-effective manner. However, due to its toxicity, NaCN poses environmental risks and requires detoxification before tailings can be safely disposed of. GOLDIX, a polymerized form of NaCN, emerges as an eco-friendly alternative with superior degradability, CN-, and a reduced environmental impact. This study utilizes several samples to compare the performance of NaCN and GOLDIX in gold ore leaching and detoxification. Tests were conducted using agitation leach with equal dosages of both reagents, and detoxification was evaluated through a blanking method as baseline, oxidation method for filtrate, and INCO for slurry. The results indicated that GOLDIX exhibited similar or even superior leaching performance compared to NaCN, particularly regarding gold and silver recovery. One type of GOLDIX achieved a gold recovery rate of 77.51%, surpassing NaCN’s 70.09%. In the detoxification test, the same GOLDIX series also reduced free cyanide by approximately 90% in 90 minutes, while NaCN only achieved a 22.5% reduction. These results suggest that this type of GOLDIX is effective for gold leaching and represents a more environmentally responsible choice with potential cost-saving benefits in detoxification
Effect of Heat Treatment Temperature on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of 30% Cold-Rolled AISI 304 Austenitic Stainless Steel
No full textStainless steel is widely utilized across various industrial applications, including as an implant material, due to its favorable biocompatibility, excellent corrosion resistance, and adequate mechanical properties. However, under physiological conditions, the toughness of stainless steel tends to decrease. To enhance its mechanical performance, cold rolling combined with subsequent heat treatment is often employed. In this study, AISI 304 austenitic stainless steel was subjected to a 30% cold rolling reduction, followed by austenitizing at different temperatures (600 °C, 700 °C, 800 °C, 900 °C, and 1000 °C) and then quenched in water to room temperature. The results showed that the highest hardness and tensile strength were achieved in the 30CR-NHT (non-heat-treated) sample, with values of 382.677 HV and 1007 MPa, respectively. The greatest toughness was observed in the 30CR-HT 1000 °C sample, reaching 62.526 J. Meanwhile, the finest average grain size was recorded in the 30CR-HT 800 °C sample, measuring 3.621 μm. These findings indicate that both mechanical strength and microstructural characteristics of stainless steel implants can be significantly influenced by the combination of cold working and controlled heat treatment parameters
Comparative Study of Continuous and Batch Heat Treatment in the Manufacturing Process of Cu-30Zn Brass Cup
No full textCu-30Zn brass cups are used as raw materials for small-caliber ammunition casings, which must meet strict standards. One crucial process to achieve the desired characteristics is heat treatment. This study compares two heat treatment methods, continuous and batch, at temperatures of 600 °C, 635 °C, and 670 °C for 32 minutes. After the heat treatment process, the samples were cooled to room temperature and washed. Characterization included measuring eccentricity, observing microstructure using an optical microscope, and testing hardness using the Brinell method. Microstructural observations showed that samples treated in a continuous furnace tended to have smaller and more uniform grain sizes compared to batch heat-treated samples. The grain size after continuous heat treatment at 600 °C, 635 °C, and 670 °C was 0.067 mm, 0.085 mm, and 0.097 mm, respectively, while for batch treatment, they were 0.107 mm, 0.123 mm, and 0.143 mm. Hardness increased as grain size decreased, with continuous heat treatment showing 60 BHN, 59 BHN, and 57 BHN. Based on the hardness, microstructure, and eccentricity data, continuous heat treatment at 600 °C to 650 °C for 32 to 45 minutes is recommended, while batch heat treatment does not meet standard specifications