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Analysis of urban village srawl in Boyolali Regency from 2014 to 2024 using landsat 8 and sentinel-2 imagery based on google earth engine
No full textRural sprawl refers to the spatial phenomenon of built-up area expansion into previously rural regions dominated by agricultural lands and green open spaces. In Boyolali Regency, urbanization and infrastructure development over the past decade have become major drivers of land use change, leading to the spread of settlements into rural areas. Understanding this phenomenon is essential to analyse its patterns and impacts on spatial planning and environmental sustainability. Therefore, this study aims to identify and analyse rural sprawl in Boyolali Regency over the period from 2014 to 2024. This research utilizes the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform to analyse land cover changes using Landsat 8 imagery (for 2014 and 2017) and Sentinel-2 imagery (for 2020 and 2024). Image processing was conducted using Normalized Difference Built-up Index (NDBI). A threshold-based classification was applied to distinguish between built-up and non-built-up areas. Spatial changes were analysed using overlay techniques across the study years, and the growth rate of built-up areas in rural zones was calculated. The results are the development is no longer tied to the main infrastructure corridor, but is instead spreading widely, reflecting the characteristics of fringe sprawl around the city center
Analysis of coastal line changes from 1994 to 2024 in the North Coast of Eretan, Indramayu, West Java using google earth engine
No full textOver the last decades, wave energy and coastal currents have continuously reshaped the northern coast of Eretan, Indramayu Regency, along the Java Sea. This study analyzes spatiotemporal shoreline changes and tidal conditions from 1994 to 2024 using a quantitative approach. Landsat satellite imagery is processed through the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform and shoreline displacement is quantified with the Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS), applying the End Point Rate (EPR) and Net Shoreline Movement (NSM) methods. The results show that coastal abrasion dominates the region, retreating the shoreline by an average of - 12.88933 m, with an average rate of -235.208 m/yr. In contrast, localized accretion is identified that advances the shoreline by an average of 22.87667 m/yr, with a rate of 604.1829 m/yr. These findings demonstrate the geomorphic instability of the Eretan coastline and offer a scientific basis for designing integrated coastal management strategies and regional policies in northern Indramayu
Technology for cleaning industrial wastewater from mechanical impurities and hydrocarbon fractions
No full textThis article considers the theoretical foundations of the technology of a treatment system designed for the treatment and softening of industrial wastewater, which is based mainly on the study of the physical and chemical properties of wastewater, and as a result, is determined by analyzing the physical and chemical properties of such wastewater. "Azamat Ziyo Savdo" LLC is a production company that extracts organic chemicals from wastewater, regardless of whether they are suspended or dissolved. Then they purify these chemicals and provide them to the industry. We will consider the most effective method of treating industrial wastewater in accordance with the proposed technical basis. The addition of recycled mechanical impurities and hydrocarbon fractions to industrial production provides significant benefits and advantages for the industrial economy. It also reduces the potential harm to the environment, animals and human health. Recycled organic materials have been tested, and the industrial production process has been launched and is being used
Analysis of crack propagation and degree of damage due to explosion on dimensional variations of laboratory scale models
No full textBlasting activities as a method of breaking rocks often occur near free areas, such as the surface of the ground or mine walls which are not solid, the pressure waves produced by the explosion can bounce back towards the source of the explosion after reaching the free area. In this research, an explosion simulation was carried out on a laboratory scale to model the interaction between explosion and rock. Two domain model sizes, in the form of cubes made of concrete with dimensions of 30x30x30cm and 40x40x40cm, were exploded using electric detonator no.8 to evaluate their impact on rock damage. Monitoring was carried out by measuring the primary wave velocity (Vp) on the cube model at 49 points before and after the detonation. The results obtained were that the 30x30x30 cm model was broken into 6 parts so that Vp measurements could not be carried out after blasting. In the 40 × 40 × 40 cm cube model, the specimen remained largely intact after blasting, although visible cracks and partial spalling were observed. Despite this damage, the P-wave velocity (Vp) test could still be conducted, revealing a reduction in rock strength of approximately 38%
Thermal Comfort and Passenger Responses in Airports
No full textAirport terminals are transient indoor environments that cause unique thermal perceptions in passengers due to significant differences in how they navigate an airport. Passengers are limited in the adaptive strategies that they can employ in response to the environment. To address their thermal discomfort passengers can decide to add or remove layers of clothing worn when arriving at the airport, or relocate to a different location within in the airport. This study aims to 1) measure indoor environmental effects on thermal perception at a major Canadian airport, 2) quantify passenger relocation and adjustment of clothing, and 3) identify patterns of thermal perceptions at times when passengers have relocated or adjusted clothing. The behaviour of the passengers is studied through visual observations and questionnaires accounting for the relocation of passengers and change of clothing layers given the different temperatures experienced at the gates. Findings from the study provide insight into passenger responses to thermal comfort and sources of thermal discomfort in airports- spaces with very dynamic and unique occupant experiences. These insights include distinct variance in thermal preferences between dwell times, the impact of thermal sensations on clothing adjustments, and the impact of thermal comfort on the relocation of passengers as adaptive strategies towards their thermal perceptions
Evaluation of Urban CO
No full textThis study quantifies the CO₂ reduction potential of demand response (DR) operation of residential heat pump water heaters (HPWHs) in Utsunomiya City, Japan. An evaluation framework was developed by integrating spatiotemporal electricity demand and photovoltaic (PV) generation, both estimated from approximately 410,000 smart meters, along with dynamic grid carbon intensity. Scenario analyses assessed the combined impact of HPWH penetration, DR readiness, and PV adoption. Results show that enabling DR in existing HPWHs can reduce citywide CO₂ emissions from HPWHs by up to 34%, primarily by shifting operation to daytime with lower grid carbon intensity. When PV deployment was doubled or tripled, surplus PV utilization by HPWHs increased substantially, enhancing the CO₂ reduction effect of DR even at current penetration levels. However, the effectiveness of DR varies across the city, as surplus electricity remains scarce in dense areas with high demand. In the most ambitious scenario, where 80% of households adopt HPWHs and citywide PV generation triples, total CO₂ emissions from all residential water heating systems across the city could be reduced by up to 49%. Developing locally optimized strategies that integrate PV, HPWHs, and DR is essential for realizing effective urban decarbonization through DR operation of residential water heaters
Effects of natural ventilation on women’s sleep
No full textAmong various environmental factors, CO2 concentration during sleep affects sleep quality. In this study, we investigated the effects of natural ventilation using windows and room-side openings on indoor air quality and women’s sleep. An in-home experiment was conducted with 10 healthy women in their 20s under three ventilation conditions: closed room, open window, and open door. Sleep was monitored using a portable electroencephalograph, and environmental parameters such as temperature and CO2 concentration were continuously recorded. Window ventilation significantly reduced CO2 concentrations and resulted in higher sleep efficiency than the other conditions. These findings suggest that short periods of natural ventilation, particularly window ventilation, can improve both indoor air quality and sleep quality. This indicates the potential of non-mechanical interventions to improve sleep environments, particularly for young women
Adaptive Thermal Comfort in the Naturally Ventilated Offices of Cold and Cloudy Climate of North-East India
No full textBuildings consume 40% of generated energy and impact the occupants’ thermal comfort and energy efficiency. Adaptive thermal comfort studies provide in-depth insights into the adaptation characteristics of occupants, building operation, functionality, and sociocultural context, providing building designers and architects with greater flexibility to design energy-efficient and climate-responsive buildings that offer optimal thermal comfort. This study was done in Shillong by carrying out thermal comfort surveys from July 2016 to June 2017 of 65 naturally ventilated offices in Shillong. A total of 767 valid questionnaires (396 male and 371 female subjects) were collected following ASHRAE class II protocols. The analysis of the collected data shows that the estimated neutral temperature for Shillong offices is 23.4 ºC with a preferred temperature of 22 ºC and a preferred relative humidity (RH) of 62%. Notably, a 2.2 °C change in globe temperature alters the thermal sensation, indicating greater sensitivity to temperature change and requiring lower thermal stimuli in Shillong, reflecting low thermal inertia and rapid behavioural adaptation. Regardless of extensive indoor temperature variations (13.6 ºC–28 ºC), RH of (26%–81%), significant subjects reported a comfort temperature span of 20.5°C–25°C, emphasizing the distinct climate of Shillong
A Thermal Comfort Evaluation Model for Contact Heat Transfer Based on Thermophysiology
No full textThis study integrates the Joint System Thermoregulation Model (JOS) with four different thermal sensation models to establish a thermophysiological-thermal sensation computational framework capable of handling complex contact heat transfer scenarios. The thermal resistance-capacitance (RC) network is embedded to characterize the heat transfer properties of the contact interface. Through experimental investigations of heated seats, we systematically collect skin temperature measurements, interfacial heat flux data, and subjective thermal evaluations. These experimental data are employed to validate the predictive accuracy of the integrated model in determining human thermal states under combined conditions of low ambient temperatures and high-intensity conductive heat flux. The developed model provides a robust analytical tool for thermal sensation prediction in automotive applications and other confined environments with active thermal interfaces