Sodality: Jurnal Sosiologi Pedesaan
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Efektivitas Iklan Politik Humas Departemen Pertanian: Politik Pencitraan atau Pembentukan Ruang Publik ?
Get PDFThe objective of this article is to show how political advertisement as published by public relation activities has a deep effect on the change of farmers’ welfare image. The study was carried out to see how far the message contained in political advertisement been in contradictive with farmers’ public opinion. The contradiction normally appeared due to the ways the message was packaged. Normally the message was felt to be very plain as they were built by government and political interest, and bureaucratic flavors. Meanwhile public opinion was normally built in the fortitude of criticizing the government. Public opinion was also influenced by social status, gender, as well as social and political economic context as normally faced by their day to day life. Theoretical implication of this study is, that political advertisement concept needs to integrate participatory development communication. Some practical implication of the study showed that public relation activity needs to integrate development communication concept as well as good governance principles as they became most important Indonesian Government political jargons. Methodologically, this research has an important implication on how to measure government pubic relation effectiveness under good governance framework
Konflik Nelayan Di Jawa Timur : Studi Kasus Perubahan Struktur Agraria dan Diferensiasi Kesejahteraan Komunitas Pekebun di Lebak, Banten
Get PDFPada dasarnya, prinsip pengelolaan sumberdaya perikanan di Indonesia telah diatur jelas pada Undang-Undang Dasar 1945 pasal 33 (dikenal dengan sistem pengelolaan bersifat state property), sehingga sumberdaya perikanan di Indonesia bersifat quasi open access, dimana sumberdaya tidak sepenuhnya dapat diakses karena adanya peraturan yang mengatur. Namun, seringkali aturan dibuat tidak dengan cara partisipatif dan merupakan hasil pertimbangan dari pemerintah pusat tanpa memperhatikan aspek sosial ekonomi masyarakat setempat. Akibatnya kebijakan-kebijakan yang dikeluarkan justru menimbulkan masalah-masalah baru karena masing-masing pihak memiliki kepentingan, keinginan dan prioritas yang berbeda-beda. Perbedaan kepentingan, keinginan dan prioritas yang ada merupakan sumber pemicu munculnya konflik . Konflik merupakan fenomena yang telah ada sejak dahulu, bahkan sebelum era otonomi daerah, khususnya konflik kenelayanan. Keleluasaan mengeksploitasi sumberdaya perikanan merupakan konsekuensi ciri kepemilikan yang bersifat open acces, maka tidak jarang pemanfaatannya menimbulkan masalah akibat perbedaan kepentingan. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, maka dibutuhkan pengelolaan sumberdaya perikanan yang dapat meredam dan mencegah konflik sebagai upaya pengelolaan konflik. Salah satu daerah yang mengalami konflik, yaitu di Kecamatan Lekok, Pasuruan, provinsi Jawa Timur. Lekok merupakan salah satu kecamatan yang terdapat di Pasuruan dengan jumlah nelayan terbanyak di Pasuruan. Karena itu, penulis tertarik untuk melakukan penelitian dengan topik pengelolaan konflik, khususnya di daerah Pasurua
Strategi Bertahan Hidup Anak Jalanan : Kasus Anak Jalanan di Kota Bogor, Provinsi Jawa Barat
Get PDFThe objective of this research is to understand how street children build their survival of strategy to continue their living. The method used for the research is survey method conducted in Bogor city of West Java. The study reveals that three forms of survival of strategies are usually built by street children. They range from simple form, middle form up to complex form. The forms of survival of strategy are strongly related to a number of factors, namely: age, sex, education level, and the reason why the children turn on the street (socio-psychological characteristic of street children). This research found some interesting findings that could provide a useful basis for formulating empowerment program targeting to street children. The findings can help increase the accuracy of empowerment program, since it can reduce incorrect assumption when the program is to be run
Kritik Ekologi Poskolonial : Dari Kontrol Pembangunan yang Berkelanjutan menuju Praksis Ekologi Bersama
Get PDFKebijakan pembangunan yang berkelanjutan paling tepat dipahami sebagai konstruksi kebijakan ekologi yang disusun oleh Utara untuk mendominasi Selatan. Konsep pembangunan yang berkelanjutan pertama kali muncul di Eropa, kemudian sejak dekade 1990-an dijadikan komoditas utang luar negeri bagi Selatan. Diskursus pembangunan yang berkelanjutan dikuatkan dan dimaterialisasikan melalui lembaga-lembaga pendidikan, ekonomi, hingga teknologi. Artikel ini mengajukan ruang kritik baru melalui susunan baru matriks teori-teori ekologi. Untuk mengatasi kontrol Utara tersebut diajukan hibriditas sebagai basis kebijakan ekologi. Hibriditas memungkinkan solidaritas lintas kelas dan teritorial lokal hingga internasional, mengatasi penyekatan yang tersusun semula, sekaligus mengembangkan sifat dinamis kebijakan sebagai proses “menjadi” secara terus menerus
Dimensi Kepentingan dalam Pengembangan Kelembagaan Ketahanan Pangan Lokal : Studi Kasus Program Aksi Mandiri Pangan di Desa Jambakan, Kecamatan Bayat, Kabupaten Klaten, Propinsi Jawa Tengah
Get PDFThe issues of food security and poverty are basically two important points that have a strong relation to rural community development. A study was conducted to understand more on the depth of the relation between food security and local initiatives development. The aim of this research is to figure out how small peasant households build their institutions as they react to fulfill food security needs. The study is also to understand what type of intervention programs have been developed by the government and community, especially those concentrating in rural food-security. The study also seeks to find the answer of how deep had the peasants’ interest and initiatives been considered to be important part of food-security development program. Las but not least it was devoted to identify the current state of food-security situation of peasant’s household in rural areas. The research was carried out in Jambakan Village, Bayat Sub-district of Central Java Province. The method used in this study was community study (through survey and qualitative approaches and case study). The results of the study are: the implementation of food self reliant village program run by the government was not quite successful to accomplish due to governance problematic at local level. Some key factors explaining the relationship between the successfulness of the program and food security’s achievements are technical assistance, community organizers, trust, and leadershi
Community and Social Communication Approaches on Development of Water Supply System
Get PDFThe government of Indonesia is obliged to provide continuous supply of drinking water in good quality to the people so that they can live well and productive. Under the framework of local autonomy regime, all physical development efforts, including sufficing drinking water, done at local level must be the responsibility of the local government together with civil society. Therefore, local community is expected to actively involve in the formulation of drinking water development program. Community-based and social communication approaches oriented toward local empowerment are chosen as primary strategy to achieve the development of water supply system. Social communication approach occurs in the form of social advocacy in the policy-making processes so that the policy becomes more sensitive to the needs of the local people. It is expected that by doing so the policy will be supportive to the need of local people. This article is to analyze the development of drinking water supply systems managed by government and NGOs as well as with local people. Some of them are not sustainable in terms of its policy processes continuity. The study reveals that such situation occurs due to less participation or support of local citizens and inappropriate local government policy supporting toward the program. This paper intends to elaborate more on the topics of community and social communication approaches relating to the development of water supply system
Keterdedahan Media Massa dan Perubahan Sosiokultural Komunitas Pesantren
Get PDFPesantren [traditional Islamic boarding school] is a typical traditional religious education institution that has been presence in Indonesia since centuries. In maintaining its cultural-survival, pesantren is facing dramatic challenge due to rapid development of communications and information as brought in by modern technology. The massive influx of messages coming from mass media is really distorting the traditional codes of cultures as maintained in the pesantren education system. This phenomenon has brought about dramatic socio-cultural changes in the pesantren as a social entity. To see how deep is the influence of mass media exposure bringing about social change in pesantren, a study has been carried out. The aim of the study is to know the interplaying relationship between personal characteristics of the pesantren community members with mass media exposure and socio-cultural changes. The study revealed that personal characteristics and social economic background of students of pesantren have generally a very strong and significant correlation to the mass media exposure. The study concludes that significant influence of mass media exposure on the students has resulted in significant socio-cultural changes in the pesantren
Peran Perguruan Tinggi Mewujudkan Dinamika Kedamaian dalam Kehidupan Masyarakat
Get PDFIn any civilization, peacefulness or non-violence culture could be the ultimate end of human life. It contains human right principles to be achieved by community, civics, and nation. Albeit, in reality, the situation achieved is diametrically in the opposite to what expected where competition, contravention and social conflict arises very sharply unless a constructive conflict management is applied. The potentiality of social conflict to occur may be reduced to a tolerable rate when constructive dialogues can be built. The dialogues should be able to facilitate the development of convergence communication and the actualization of equality principles. Higher education processes will be one the most important institutions that could bring the actualization of the principles of peacefulness into reality. This could be true when education could assure the effectiveness of value transformation processes throughout generations. The role of high education institutions to make non-violence culture to become apparent is essential. The dynamic life in a peaceful culture can only be realized when a situation of welfare, equality and well expression of communication behavior are well maintained in the community life
Tekanan Penduduk, Overshoot Ekologi Pulau Jawa, dan Masa Pemulihannya
Get PDFPerkembangan penduduk Pulau Jawa terus terjadi. Menurut hasil perhitungan indeks tekanan penduduk Pulau Jawa tahun 2006 diketahui sebesar 1,61 dan apabila Banten tidak dimasukkan ke dalam perhitungan tekanan penduduk menjadi 1,80. Estimasi indeks tekanan penduduk pada tahun 2010 menunjukkan adanya sedikit peningkatan menjadi 1,63 dan 1,83 jika tidak memasukkan Banten. Indikasi terjadinya over population Pulau Jawa didukung oleh hasil simulasi bahwa dengan jumlah penduduk saat ini, semestinya penduduk petani tidak lebih dari 24%. Sedangkan dengan sistem pertanian yang diterapkan saat ini, jumlah lahan pertanian yang dibutuhkan untuk menghidupi seluruh penduduk Pulau Jawa adalah seluas 8.428.980 ha setara sawah. Keadaan faktual menunjukkan jumlah pertanian sebanyak 41% dan luas lahan 4.863.487 ha setara sawah. Hasil perhitungan tapak ekologi lahan pertanian Pulau Jawa menunjukkan bahwa tapak ekologi Pulau Jawa tahun 2006 bernilai 0,2339 Gha/orang atau 0,1064 ha/orang. Itu artinya setiap penduduk Pulau Jawa telah menggunakan lahan untuk konsumsi produk pertanian sebesar 0,1064 ha. Pada saat yang sama kemampuan lahan pertanian menyediakan produk pertanian sebesar 0,1111 Gha/orang atau 0,0551 ha/orang. Keadaan ini mengindikasikan bahwa kapasitas biologis lahan pertanian dalam menyediakan produk-produk pertanian yang dikonsumsi oleh penduduk sudah terlampaui (overshoot) sebesar 0,0536 Gha/orang atau 0,0513 ha/orang. Besarnya defisit lahan pertanian tersebar merata di setiap propinsi
Struktur Nafkah Rumahtangga Petani Transmigran : Studi Sosio-Ekonomi di Tiga Kampung di Distrik Masni Kabupaten Manokwari
Get PDFAmong the primary objectives of transmigration program are to increase the economic status of transmigrant farm-households and enhancing rural infrastructures of the local region. To see wether such objective is attainable, a study of transmigrant farm households has been conducted in West Papua. The study attempts: (1) to know whether there is any relation between the socio-cultural/ethnical background of the transmigrant farm-household with the achievement of welfare status, (2) to analyze factors influencing to the income level of transmigrant farm-households, and (3) to understand how the farm households enhance the degree of economic status by building numerous livelihood strategies. The methods as used in the analysis are: (1) income level analysis of the households, (2) gini-ratio analysis, and (3) descriptive analysis. The results of this study are: socio-cultural (ethnical) setting of transmigrant has a substantial influence to the achievement of welfare level. Javanese transmigrant showed a much higher income achievement due to their strong engagement in the non-farm economy, as compared to Papuanese transmigrant farm-households. The non-farm economy provides a strong basis for economic growth at household level. However, the growth of non-farm economy unexpectedly caused an increasing tendency of income disparity among different farm household strata. Since non-farm economy shares a positive contribution for regional economic growth, the study concludes, that the government needs to take seriously this economic sector into account when regional development needs to be well-accomplished in West Papua