Sodality: Jurnal Sosiologi Pedesaan
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Socio-Economic Empowerment of Farmers on Large Scale Plantation: Case Study in Kisaran Subdistrict, North of Sumatra
Get PDFABSTRACTIndonesia has quite enormous potentials in plantation region, one of them is the Province of North Sumatra. The plantations in North Sumatra are distributed in some regions, one of them is Asahan Regency, especially in Kisaran Sub-District. There are two kinds of plantations i.e. the large-scale plantation and the PIR (Estate Smallholders). PIR consists of large scale plantation as nucleus and tradisional smallholders as plasma which allocates their lands manually and is labor intensive. The budidaya of land by traditionally has been inherited from generation to generation so that their farming activities have become routines and has not been able to achieve the maximum production. The efforts to improve the production should be accompanied by a development in human resources by means of empowerment. Supporting factors including providing capital togetherness, Science and Technology, guidance to all citizens as a means to increase production.. Therefore, the development in human resources is meant to improve the plantation production through the society empowerment that goes simultaneously with the improvement in motivation.Keywords: contract-farmaing, smallholder empowermentABSTRAKIndonesia memiliki potensi di bidang perkebunan yang cukup tinggi, salah satunya adalah wilayah Provinsi Sumatera Utara. Perkebunan di wilayah Sumatera Utara tersebar di beberapa daerah,salah satunya adalah daerah Kabupaten Asahan, khususnya di wilayah Kecamatan Kisaran. Ada dua jenis perkebunan yakni perkebunan berskala besar dan Perkebunan Inti Rakyat(PIR). Jenis perkebunan inti rakyat bersifat tradisional dan padat karya. Pembudidayaan lahan secara tradisionalyang diwariskan dari satu generasi ke generasi penerusnya, sehingga aktivitas mereka bertani atau berkebun bersifat rutinitas dan belum dapat mencapai produksi yang maksimal. Dalam upaya meningkatkan produksi harus diiringi dengan peningkatan Sumber Daya Manusia (SDM) melalui pemberdayaan. Faktor-faktor pendukung diantaranya memberikan modal kebersamaan, Ilmu Pengetahuan dan Teknologi (IPTEK), bimbingan kepada para warganya sebagai sarana untuk meningkatkan produksi. Dengan demikian, peningkatan sumber daya manusia ini berfungsi untuk meningkatkan produksi perkebunan melalui pemberdayaan masyarakat yang berjalan seiring dengan meningkatnya motivasi.Kata kunci : pemberdayaan, perkebunan inti rakyat (PIR
Land use Conflict in Gunung halimun Salak National Park Lebak District
Get PDFABSTRACTDevelopment for conservation, agriculture and settlements have equal importance for humankind. Reality showed, conflict is occured because of each goal use its own knowledge and values. The conflict was found in the forest area of Gunung Halimun Salak National Park. The study aimed to identify the landuse conflict between conservation with agriculture, settlement, include mining, and identify the strategic issues that arised from the conflict. This study was conducted in Gunung Halimun Salak National Park at Lebak regency. The study using qualitative and quantitative approach. Spatial multicriteria analysis was employed to identify the areas of conflict. List of issue derived from three sources: observing landuse conflict map, discussion with the expert and stakeholder’s strategic document. The strategic issues is classifyed based on level of agreement among experts.The result showed that conflict which had been occurred between conservation and agriculture of 22,061.11 ha (49%); between conservation and settlement of 1,830.36 Ha (4%); and between conservation and mining of 26,007.86 Ha (58 %). Analysis of strategic issues leads to 11 issues were grouped to three agendas, namely (1) Tenure and environmental damage, (2) disaster mitigation and food security, and (3) infrastructure development for agriculture and settlement.Keywords: Gunung Halimun Salak district Lebak, landuse conflict, landuse preferences, multicriteria analysis.ABSTRAKPembangunan untuk tujuan konservasi, pertanian dan permukiman memiliki nilai penting yang setara demi kesejahteraan manusia. Kenyataan menunjukan bahwa ketiga tujuan tersebut kerap berbenturan dan menimbulkan konflik karena masing-masing menggunakan pengetahuan dan nilainya sendiri-sendiri. Konflik tersebut dijumpai di kawasan hutan Taman Nasional Gunung Halimun Salak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi konflik penggunaan lahan antara konservasi dengan pertanian, permukiman termasuk pertambangan, serta mengidentifikasi isu strategis yang muncul dari konflik yang terjadi. Penelitian dilakukan di kawasan hutan Taman nasional Gunung Halimun salak di Kabupaten Lebak. Penelitian ini menggunakan kombinasi pendekatan kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Analisis spasial multikriteria digunakan untuk mendeskripsikan area-area yang mengalami konflik. Isu-isu digali dari pengamatan peta konflik, wawancara narasumber ahli dan kajian dokumen strategis. Perumusan isu strategis didasarkan pada tingkat kesepakatan diantara para narasumber. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan terjadi konflik penggunaan lahan antara konservasi dengan pertanian seluas 22.061,11 ha (49%); antara konservasi dengan permukiman seluas 1.830,36 Ha (4%); dan antara konservasi dengan pertambangan seluas 26.007,86 Ha (58 %). Terdapat 11 isu strategis yang dirumuskan menjadi 3 kelompok isu dan diajukan sebagai agenda bersama pengelolaan konflik penggunaan lahan, yaitu: (1) Isu lingkungan dan penyelesaian tenurial, (2) Isu mitigasi bencana dan ketahanan pangan, dan (3) Isu pengembangan infrastuktur pertanian dan permukiman.Kata kunci: TNGHS Kabupaten Lebak, konflik penggunaan lahan, preferensi penggunaan lahan, analisis multikriteria
Catabolism of Space and utilization of community as A Survival Strategy of Pesantren
Get PDFABSTRACTThrough out in history of pesantren is not a stagnant entity. Pesantren has undergone various linkages from early history to this present. Initially pesantren is an institution with simple spaces which are turned into an institution with the complexity of space. Consider from the physical structure, initially, pesantren has three buildingsor facilities that are the mosque, majlis-taklim and house of Kyai. The third building is a building for education space. Along with the development in the peripheral of pesantren environment currently emerging business space.This paper discusses the development of pesantren space, using the conditions of pesantren in the late 19th century to the present. The discussion using an arrangement of the history and growth of pesantren space by taking the case at Sidogiri Pesantren, Pasuruan, East Java.This paper uses a constructivist approach that is hermeneutic and dialectical where the individual social construction can acquire and known through interactions between researcher and actors of research. In addition, this study also emphasizes empathy and dialectic interaction between researchers and informants in order to reconstruct the social reality under study with qualitative methods. The survey results of the research revealed that the emerging new spaces at the pesantren that is the internal business space and external business collaboration space that complements the mosque, majlis taklim and house of Kyai who had been already there. The new of economy spaces (business spaces), and with the community formed can be a tool for survival strategy of Pesantren. Even to this day pesantren persist with the principles of Islamic, but remains on the threat of consequences: without the moral control of religion, and the charisma of kyai, Pesantren can be a greedy capitalist machine as generally.Keywords: transformation, economic space, pesantrenABSTRAKSepanjang sejarahnya pesantren bukanlah entitas stagnan. Pesantren telah mengalami berbagai kebersinggungan dari awal sejarahnya hingga saat ini. Pesantren yang pada awalnya adalah sebuah lembaga dengan ruang-ruang yang sederhana kini berubah menjadi lembaga dengan kompleksitas ruang. Dilihat dari struktur fisik, pada awalnya pesantren mempunyai tiga bangunan atau fasilitas yaitu masjid, majlis taklim dan rumah Kyai. Ketiga bangunan tersebut merupakan bangunan untuk ruang pendidikan. Seiring dengan perkembangan, saat ini di lingkungan pesantren muncul ruang-ruang bisnis. Tulisan ini membahas mengenai perkembangan ruang pesantren, menggunakan kondisi pesantren pada akhir abad 19 hingga saat ini. Pembahasan menggunakan Setting sejarah dan pertumbuhan ruang pesantren dengan mengambil contoh kasus di Pondok Pesantren Sidogiri, Pasuruan Jawa Timur. Tulisan ini menggunakan pendekatan konstruktivis yang bersifat hermeunetikal dan dialektikal dimana konstruksi sosial individu dapat diperoleh dan diketahui melalui interaksi antara peneliti dan tineliti. Di samping itu, penelitian ini juga menekankan empati dan interaksi dialektif antara peneliti dan informan dalam rangka merekonstruksi realitas sosial yang diteliti dengan metode kualitatif. Dari hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa muncul ruang-ruang baru di pesantren yaitu ruang usaha internal dan ruang kolaborasi bisnis eksternal yang melengkapi ruang masjid, majlis taklim dan rumah kyai yg selama ini sudah ada.Ruang-ruang ekonomi baru (ruang bisnis) dan pembentukan komunitas telah menjadi sebuah alat dan strategi kebertahanan pesantren. Sekalipun sampai saat ini pesantren bertahan dengan prinsip keislaman, namun tetap pada ancaman konsekuensi: ketika terjadi pelemahan pada kontrol moral dari pengajaran agama, dan kharisma kyai yang dimilikinya, maka pesantren dapat menjadi mesin kapitalisme yang serakah sebagaimana umumnya.Kata kunci: transformasi, ruang ekonomi pesantre
NGO’s Roles and Strategies in the Environmental Politic Arena
Get PDFABSTRACTNGOs have played increasingly prominent roles and strategies in the environment politic arena. The study was carried out using qualitative approach at national and local to elaborate Indonesia NGOs roles and strategies in responding land and forest fires. The Study reveals that NGOs were be able to take advance of collective deprivations and political opportunities to develop mobilization structure, framing process and various form of actions in responding land and forest fires. NGOs political strategies are directly influence key stakeholders,develop pressure to governmnet using transnational advocacy networks, enhancing market and sustainability standart to private sectors, influencing capital flow, mobilizing elits and promoting best practices at local as alternative solutions. NGOs plays as social movement organization in the frame of new social movement to enhance the equality of power relations, through influencing policies, law enforcement, market and private sectors behaviour, and promoting community-based peatland management model at local, toward better governance of natural resources management in Indonesia.Keywords : NGO, social movement, political ecology, land and forest fireABSTRAKOganisasi Non Pemerintah (ORNOP) memainkan peran dan strategi penting dalam arena politik lingkungan hidup. Studi dilakukan dengan pendekatan kualitatif untuk menjelaskan peran dan strategi ORNOP di Indonesia pada tingkat nasional dan lokal dalam menanggapi kasus kebakaran hutan dan lahan. Studi mengungkap bahwa ORNOP mampu memanfaatkan keluhan kolektif dan struktur kesempatan politik untuk membangun struktur mobilisasi, proses framing dan bentuk-bentuk aksi. Strategi Politik ORNOP diwujudkan dengan cara mempengaruhi secara langsung pihak-pihak kunci, meningkatkan tekanan politik terhadap pemerintah dengan menggunakan jaringan advokasi lintas negara, mendorong standar keberlanjutan pasar, mempengaruhi aliran kapital, mobilisasi dukungan elit dan mempromosikan praktik-praktik terbaik sebagai solusi tandingan. ORNOP mampu memainkan peran sebagai organisasi gerakan sosial untuk mendorong kesetaraan relasi kuasa, dengan mempengaruhi kebijakan, penegakan hukum, perilaku pasar dan sektor swasta, serta mempromosikan pengelolaan lahan gambut berbasis masyarakat pada tingkat lokal, dalam rangka penguatan tata kelola sumberdaya alam di Indonesia.Kata kunci : organisasi non pemerintah, gerakan sosial, ekologi politik, kebakaran hutan dan laha
Embeddedness of Moral and Culture Institutions with Embroidery Entrepreunership in Tasikmalaya
Get PDFABSTRACTIn the Era of Global Economy, in general the business world is controlled by the formal economic ethics. This means that the businesses with modern economic system dominates the behaviours of enterpreuneurs in his economic acts. Production relation that is constructed between the enterpreuners and the employers is rational formal relationship, such as the employment contract should be clear above “black and white”, and the SOP (Standard Operational Procedure) which has been determined from beginning or formal legal nature. However, there is still found the businessman with moral economic ethics as the basis of their behaviours may persist, including the businessman of embroidery industry in Tasikmalaya.This research is aimed to reveal the business strategy that is undertaken by the embroidery enterpreuners in order to survive in the modern economy which is based on capitalist economic ethics with formal rational, and how the moral values and formal underlying the relation of production between the businessman and the workers.The methode used in this research is case study, with 12 embroidery enterpreuners, according to the criteria of Legilation No. 20 Yr. 2008 about UMKM, in Tasikmalaya. The data collecting uses deep interview and observation, while the technique of data analysis is used descriptive qualitative analysis. The result of the study is there is an embeddedness of Islamic and Sundanese values in the economic acts of the embroidery enterpreuners in Tasikmalaya with difference of embeddedness level. i.e: (1) Strong embeddedness on the Islamic values and weak Sundanese ethics traditions, call as Islamic-Sundanese Entrepreneurs (2) Strong embeddedness on the Sundanese tradition and weak Islamic Ethics, call as Sunda-Islamic Entrepreneurs, and (3) Strong embeddedness on the modern economic ethics but weak on the Islamic and Sundanese ethics, call as Capitalist Entrepreneurs.Keywords: formal rational, moral ethics economy, Islamic-Sundanese Entrepreneurs, Sunda-Islamic Entrepreneurs, capitalist entrepreneursABSTRAKPada era ekonomi global, dunia bisnis pada umumnya dikendalikan dengan etika ekonomi formal. Hal ini berarti bisnis dengan sistem ekonomi modern mendominasi perilaku wirausahawan dalam tindakan ekonominya. Hubungan produksi yang terbangun antara pengusaha dengan pekerja bersifat rasional formal, seperti dengan adanya kontrak kerja yang harus jelas di atas ‘hitam putih’, dan SOP yang sudah ditentukan dari awal atau bersifat legal formal. Tetapi masih ditemukan pelaku bisnis dengan etika ekonomi moral sebagai dasar perilakunya dapat bertahan, diantaranya pengusaha industri bordir di Tasikmalaya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkap strategi bisnis yang dilakukan pengusaha bordir sehingga dapat tetap survive dalam ekonomi modern yang berlandaskan pada etika ekonomi kapitalis dengan rasional formal, serta sejauhmana nilai-nilai moral dan formal melandasi hubungan produksi antara pengusaha dengan pekerjanya berdasarkan tipologi pengusaha. Metode yang digunakan adalah studi kasus, pada 16 pengusaha bordir, sesuai kriteria UU no 20 tahun 2008 tentang UMKM di Tasikmalaya. Teknik pengumpulan data melalui deep interview dan observasi sedangkan teknik analisis data melalui analisis deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil yang didapatkan adalah adanya keterlekatan nilai Islam dan Sunda dalam tindakan ekonomi para pengusaha bordir di Tasikmalaya yang berbeda-beda derajat kelekatannya yaitu (1) keterlakatan kuat pada nilai Islam dan lemahetika budaya Sunda, disebut sebagai tipe Pengusaha Islami-Sundanis, (2) keterlakatan kuat pada nilai budaya Sunda dan lemah pada nilai Islam, adalah tipe Pengusaha Sunda-Islami, dan (3) terlekat kuat pada etika ekonomi modern dan lemah pada etika Islam dan Sunda, sebagai tipe Pengusaha KapitalisKata kunci : rasional formal, etika moral ekonomi, Pengusaha Islami-Sundanis, Pengusaha Sunda-Islami, pengusaha kapitali
Local Wisdom of the Community in Handling Mental Retardation People ( A Case Study of “Kampung Idiot” in Sidoharjo Village, Jambon District, Ponorogo Regency)
Get PDFABSTRACTSidoharjo village, in Jambon is one of villages in Ponorogo Regency, called as ‘Kampong Idiot’, since there are many villagers having mental retardation. They also have many disabilities, as a matter of fact they can survive and live quite longer. It certainly happens in accordance with the local wisdom of other villagers, the normal people who live in their surrounding. The research, therefore, aims to analyze and describe local wisdom of the community “Kampung Idiot” Sidoharjo Jambon Ponorogo in handling mental retardation people of Kampung Idiot in Sidoharjo village, Jambon district, Ponorogo regency. The research used descriptive-qualitative. The informants comprised of village officers, socialite, religion leader, youth and all family members of mental retardation people. Data were collected by using in-depth interview, observation, and documentation. Source triangulation was excuted in an effort to validate data and then the data were analyzed by using Strauss and Corbin’s Coding model.The local wisdom of Sidoharjo community in handling mental retardation people is a result of relationship among the people in the community, the people and their God, and the people and nature in their surrounding. The local wisdom can be seen from the community’s attitudeaccepting mental retardation people as the parts of the community and they are willing to help the mental retardation people do their personal, household and social activities. The local wisdom of the community seems to happen for (1) a belief in the existence of the mental retardation people is tribulation sent by God, providing deep meaning and boon that need to be faced, (2) they are social ethics and responsible moral for the social environment, (3) the norms include advices, prohibition, punishment, and wise words about life.Keywords: local wisdom, attitude, mental retardation peopleABSTRAKDesa Sidoharjo Jambon merupakan salah satu kampung di Kabupaten Ponorogo yang disebut “kampung idiot” karena banyak warganya yang mengalami retardasi mental. Warga retardasi mental di kampung ini memiliki banyak keterbatasan namun dapat melangsungkan hidupnya dalam kurun waktu yang relatif lama. Hal itu tentunya terkait dengan sikap arif warga masyarakat di lingkungan sekitarnya. Adapun tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis dan mendeskripsikan kearifan lokal masyarakat Sidoharjo dalam menyikapi warga retardasi mental di “kampung idiot” Sidoharjo Jambon. Penelitian ini mengunakan pendekatan kualitatif-deskriptif. Informan terdiri dari pejabat pemerintah desa, tokoh; masyarakat, agama, dan pemuda, serta keluarga warga retardasi mental. Pengambilan datanya menggunakan wawancara mendalam, observasi, dan pencatan dokumen. Validasi data dengan triangulasi sumber dan analisis datanya dengan model coding Strauss dan Corbin. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kearifan lokal masyakat dalam menyikapi warga retardasi mental merupakan hasil dari relasionalitas diantara warga masyarakat, masyarakat dengan Tuhan dan alam. Masyarakat menerima warga retardasi mental sebagai bagian dari dirinya dan berusaha membantunya agar mampu menjalankan aktivitas pribadi, keluarga, dan sosial. Kearifan lokal masyarakat tersebut dipredisposisi oleh; (1) keyakinan bahwa warga retardasi mental merupakan ujian Tuhan yang harus disikapi karena mengandung arti serta hikmah, (2) etika sosial dan tanggungjawab secara moral terhadap lingkungan sosial, (3) norma-norma yang berupa anjuran-anjuran, larangan-larangan, sanksi, dan ungkapan kebijaksanaan akan kehidupan.Kata kunci: kearifan lokal, sikap, warga retardasi menta
Impact of Gold Mining on Farmers’ Livelihood in Bombana
Get PDFABSTRACTThis study was aimed to analyze the impact of gold mining on livelihoods of farmers in rural area of Bombana District. The research used sustainable livelihoods approach which focus on vulnerability context faced by farmers around gold mine site and ownership of and access to capital assets which were influenced by mining activity, which in the end lead to increasing or decreasing livelihood outcome of farmers in the area. The study was done in three villages around the gold mine site. Data was gathered through combination of quantitative and qualitative method using sample survey, in-depth interview and focus group discussion. The result showed that there was declining on rice production due to decreasing of farm land and land degradation as a result of draught season that affected the area. Watu-Watu village was the worst in terms of the loss of natural assets compare to other villages. Policy, institution and process which were represented by government and mining companies have added local communities’ exposure to vulnerability context they already faced. Livelihood diversification was chosen as coping strategy out of livelihood crisis due to the loss of productive assets caused by mining activities.Keywords: gold, mining, farmers, livelihood, BombanaABSTRAKPenelitian ini dilakukan untuk menganalisa dampak kegiatan peambangan emas terhadap capaian penghidupan masyarakat di wilayah pedesaan kabupaten BombanA, dengan menggunakan pendekatan penghidupan yang berkelanjutan, yang menekankan pada konteks kerentanan yang dihadapi oleh masyarakat petani di sekitar wilayah penambangan serta pola kepemilikan dan akses terhadap aset-aset penghidupan yang dipengaruhi oleh kegiatan penamanbangan, yang pada gilirannya dapat meningkatkan atau menurunkan kemampuannya dalam memperoleh capaian penghidupan yang lebih baik. Penelitian ini akan dilakukan di tiga desa di loaksi penambangan. Metode penelitian menggabungkan antara metode kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Metode kualitatif melalui Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA), fokus grup diskusi dan wawancara mendalam, dan metode kuantitatif dengan menggunakan sample survey. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya penurunan produksi pertanian di lokasi penelitian yang disebabkan berkurangnya lahan pertanian dan kerusakan lahan akibat kekeringan yang melanda lokasipenelitian. Desa Watu-Watu merupakan desa yang terparah dalam hal kehilangan aset penghidupan dibandingkan kedua desa lainnya. Keberadaan kebijakan, kelembagaan dan proses yang diwakili oleh pemerintah dan perusahaan penambangan merupakan faktor yang semakin menekan posisi masyarakat setempat dalam konteks kerentanan yang dihadapinya. Upaya masyarakat untuk keluar dari krisis penghidupan akibat berkurang akses terhadap aset penghidupan melahirkan diversifikasi sumber nafkah sebagai bentuk coping strategy, dan tidak semata-mata tergantung pada sektor pertanian, tetapi juga pada sektor non pertanian.Kata kunci: tambang emas, penghidupan, petan, Bombana
The Impact of Climate Variability and Adaptive Mechanisms of Community Farmers in Dry Climates Areas (The Case In Village Boronubaen And Taunbaen Timur Villages, Timor Tengah Utara District, East Nusa Tenggara)
Get PDFABSTRACTClimate variability led to a number of risks to the agricultural production process and the risk of shocks to the livelihood systems, which ultimately impat on the resilience of households farmer. The purpose of the research: (1) identify the impact of climate variability on regional farms and farmer households, 2) the ways to anticipate and type of adaptive response of households farmer as effort to survive, 3) the direction change of the socio-economic, institutional and socio-ecological that accompany the adaptation process at household and community farmerslevel, and 4) to formulate suggestionthe adaptation mechanisms of households farmerin response the climate variability, which impacts on food security temporarily. The results showed in 2015, 2nd study areas is long drought.The Changes in productivity of rice crops due to climate variability in the Taunbaen Timurvillagehigher than Boronubaenvillage. The condition is supported by calculations Livelihood Vulnerability Index (LVI) showed household farmers in the Taunbaen Timur is more vulnerable than Boronubaen village household farmers. Food insecurity in the two villages is not only due to drought and pests, but also due to the high dependence on rice, making farming community poorer. To improve food security and resilience of householdfarmers income, need to increase public physical capital.Keywords: climate variability, vulnerability, resilience, food insecurity, livelihood.ABSTRAKVariabilitas iklim menyebabkan sejumlah risiko terhadap proses produksi pertanian dan risiko guncangan pada sistem penghidupan, yangakhirnya berdampak pada resiliensi rumahtangga petani. Tujuan penelitian yaitu (1) mengidentifikasidampak variabilitas iklim pada kawasanusahatani dan rumahtangga petani, 2)cara-cara mengantisipasi dan tipe respons adaptif rumahtangga petani dalam upaya bertahan hidup, 3) arah perubahan sistem sosio-ekonomi, kelembagaan dan sosio-ekologi yang menyertai proses adaptasi di tingkat rumahtangga dan komunitas petani, dan 4) memformulasi usulan mekanisme adaptasi rumahtangga petani dalam merespon variabilitas iklim, yang berdampak terhadap ketahanan pangan temporer. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pada tahun 2015, ke-2 desa penelitian, mengalami kekeringan yang cukup panjang. Perubahan produktivitas tanaman padi akibat variabilitas iklim di Desa Taunbaen Timur lebih tinggi daripada di Desa Boronubaen. Kondisi tersebut didukung oleh perhitungan Livelihood Vulnerability Index (LVI) menunjukkan petani di Desa Taunbaen Timur lebih rentan dari pada petani Kelurahan Boronubaen terhadap variabilitas iklim. Kerawanan pangan di dua desa penelitian bukan hanya disebabkan oleh kekeringan dan hama penyakit, tetapi juga akibat ketergantungan beras yang tinggi, membuat komunitas petani semakin miskin.Untuk meningkatkan ketahanan pangan dan resiliensi nafkah rumahtangga petani, perlu peningkatan modal fisik yang bersifat publik.Kata kunci: variabilitas iklim, kerentanan, resiliensi, kerawanan pangan, nafkah
The Strategy of Developing Microfinance Program Implemented by PT Newmont Nusa Tenggara in Running Its Corporate Social Responsibility Program at West Sumbawa Regency
Get PDFThis research aims at (1) studying the microfinance program run by and the organization of Yayasan Olat Parigi/ Olat Parigi Foundation (YOP) as part of PT Newmont Nusa Tenggara’s Corporate Social Responsibility; (2) formulating the development strategy for the organization and microfinance program for self-reliance and sustainability. This study employs qualitative approach and supported by quantitative approach. The study shows that: Firstly, theorganizational management of YOP constitutes two periods of services namely YOP Part I and YOP Part II. In comparison, the organizional management and program run by YOP Part II is better than YOP Part I as demonstrated by a number of improvements in some aspects including management of administration, human resources, budgeting, microfinance program and business unit strategic. However, this study has identified weaknesses in the area of self-reliance, resilience, and sustainability as shown in high dependency of the foundation to PTNNT (both in financing and facilitation). The Microfinance program has been implemented as per applicable SOP where clients are facilitated to obtain easy access and capability to fulfill the requirements, simplified procedures, right on target, up to date, consistent with characteristics of the locals and most importantly it provides more benefits for the locals.A number of challenges identified in running the microfinance program include high number of Non-Performing Loan, limited financing scheme, and inadequate assistance and/or capacity to the program beneficiaries. Secondly, the development strategy for organizational and microfinance programs shall be improved to reach a self-reliance, resilience, and sustainability of the program through implementation of bounding, bridging, and creating/ networking strategies.Keywords: CSR,development strategy, institution, microfinanc
Effectiveness of Community Based Forest Managementas Forest Resources Conflict Resolution
Get PDFCommunity Based Forest Management (CBFM) is a system of state forest management that conducted Perhutani joinly with community forestry forest villages. CBFM include: drafting plans, utilization of forest resources, and protection of forest resources. CBFM regulated the rights and obligations of all stakeholders involved. Conflict of interest in the management of forest resources can lead to conflicts beetwen any stakeholders. This research aim to determine (1) history and sources of forest resources conflict in the Kalimendong village, (2) conflict resolution mechanism that were implemented based on the CBFM, (3) effectiveness CBFM as conflict resolution in forest resources management. The result of this study found that the conflict in Kalimendong village occured since 1998 that comes from the differences in perception, interest, and ownership beetwen the public and Perhutani. CBFM then can be conflict resolution of forest resources management, but CBFM can then generate a new conflict when the interests of stakeholder can not be accomodated. The analysis shows that characteristic of number of dependents has negatively correlation related to the effectiveness of CBFM as conflict resolution.Keywords: conflict, CBFM, conflict resolution, forest resource