Sodality: Jurnal Sosiologi Pedesaan
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The Dynamics of Organic Farming Institution Towards Sustainable Development
Get PDFThe development of organic agriculture is significant both at local, national, regional, and global in the last two decades and organic farming has matured enough to offer lesson. In the process, these developments characterized by a variety of internal and external conflicts such as conflict of interest, the data conflicts, resource conflicts, and structural conflicts. Products from various conflicts between the actors who are related, ultimately forming institutional arrangements. This study aims to explain the mechanisms that made the actors involved in organic farming in managing conflicts by placing community as an important actor. This study uses a constructivist paradigm that seeks to understand the meaning construction management of conflicts of various actors. The study was conducted in three locations namely Tasikmalaya District, West Java, Boyolali, Central Java, and Malang in East Java. Conflict management model that has been built by the institutional organic farming in Tasikmalaya, Boyolali, and Malang a lesson learned for other lowland rice farming locations that could potentially be the location of the development of organic rice. In the development phase, while this institutional organic farming that have been built are encouraged to ensure food security where production is not only oriented to meet export demand, but also meet the needs of organic food at the local and national levels.Keywords: conflict management, organic farming, sustainability, food securityABSTRAKPerkembangan pertanian organik cukup signifikan baik di level lokal, nasional, regional, maupun global dalam dua dekade terakhir ini dan organic farming has matured enough to offer lesson. Pada prosesnya, perkembangan tersebut diwarnai oleh beragam konflik baik internal maupun eksternal berupa konflik kepentingan, konflik data, konflik sumber daya, maupun konflik struktural. Produk dari beragam konflik diantara aktor-aktor yang terkait tersebut, pada akhirnya membentuk aturan-aturan kelembagaan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan mekanisme yang dilakukan para aktor yang terlibat dalam pertanian organik dalam melakukan manajemen konflik dengan menempatkan komunitas sebagai aktor penting. Penelitian ini menggunakan paradigma konstruktivis yang berupaya untuk memahami konstruksi makna manajemen konflik dari berbagai aktor. Penelitian dilakukan di tiga lokasi yaitu Kabupaten Tasikmalaya Jawa Barat, Kabupaten Boyolali Jawa Tengah, dan Kabupaten Malang Jawa Timur. Model manajemen konflik yang telah dibangun oleh kelembagaan pertanian organik di Tasikmalaya, Boyolali, dan Malang menjadi pembelajaran bagi lokasi pertanian padi sawah lainnya yang berpotensi menjadi lokasi pengembangan padi organik. Pada fase pengembangan sementara ini, kelembagaan pertanian organik yang berhasil dibangun didorong untuk menjamin ketahanan pangan dimana produksi bukan hanya diorientasikan untuk memenuhi permintaan ekspor namun juga dapat memenuhi kebutuhan pangan organik di tingkat lokal dan nasional.Kata kunci: manajemen konflik, pertanian organik, keberlanjutan, ketahanan panga
Socio Economic Suitability of Land Preservation Program in Kuningan Regency
Get PDFEconomic development in Indonesia since 1980s is dealing with conversion of agricultural land to industry, housing, and other sector in city and its periphery. Land conversion have a great impact to food production rather than the impact from technical problem (drought and pest problem). Government need to preserve agricultural land in order to maintain food production. Thus government made a mandatory approach byissued Law No. 41 year 2009. The aim of this research are to identify an actual socioeconomic characteristics in the area of land preservation program (LP2B) in Kuningan Regency, to identify farmers perception on LP2B and to analyze socioeconomic suitability in the areaof LP2B program. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and likert scale. Based on the result, there are nine socioeconomic indicator on land preservation program (LP2B) in Kuningan Regency, namely; land conversion rate, food balance, disparity between farm and non-farm income, agriculture households, agriculture labor, farmers’ groups, spatial planning policies and farmers perceptions. Farmers have a positive perception on LP2B program. Land preservation program (LP2B) priority should be donein Cilimus sub district due to low support of socio economic characteristic. Meanwhile Ciawigebang and Cibingbin sub district become a next priority of preservation.Keyword : farmer’s perception, food security, land conversion, socioeconomic of LP2
Ecotourism,livelihood System and Decoupling Sustainabilty in Wakatobi, Southeast Sulawesi
Get PDFABSTRACTThis study was conducted in Wakatobi Southeast Sulawesi Province. Wakatobi overall administrative region is a national park established by decree of the Ministry Forestry No.7651/KPTS-II/2002 dated August 19 Wakatobi National 2002. Wakatobi National Park was the second largest marine park was owned by Indonesia and became one of the national tourism destination. It was the latest Indonesian biosphere reserves established by UNESCO in the 24th session of the ICC-MAB program in 2012, Paris.Wakatobi geostrategic position in the center of the world’s coral led to an area that has a very rich biodiversity and have the beautifully and exotic underwater scenery. The superiority of location (geographical advantage) being the reason for local governments to establish ecotourism as a paradigm of Wakatobi regional development. This study examines the livelihood systems and the level of household resilience after ecotourism developed in Wakatobi through “Sustainable Livelihood Aproach”.In this study, it can be concluded that the development of ecotourism in the region has not given more contribution thus hamper the achievement of regional development based on ecotourism as nature conservation was maintained and well-being of local communities. However, the development of ecotourism still was inclusive so that people who are able to access such availability was top class household groups. Ecotourism basically can increase the economic resilience of households.Keywords: regional development, ecotourism, livilihood, resilience, decoupling sustainabilityABSTRAKPenelitian ini dilaksanakan di Kabupaten Wakatobi Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara. Secara keseluruhan wilayah adminstrasi Wakatobi merupakan taman nasional yang ditetapkan berdasarkan surat keputusan Menteri Kehutanan No.7651/KPTS-II/2002 tanggal 19 Agustus tahun 2002.Taman Nasional Wakatobi merupakan taman laut terbesar kedua yang di miliki Indonesia dan menjadi salah satu Daerah Tujuan Wisata nasional. Merupakan cagar Biosfer terbaru Indonesia yang ditetapkan oleh UNESCO melalui sidang ke-24 ICC-MAB program pada tahun 2012 di Paris. Posisi Geostrategis Wakatobi di tengah pusat karang dunia, menyebabkan daerah ini sebagai wilayah yang memiliki keanekaragamn hayati yang sangat tinggi dan mempunyai pemandangan alam bawah laut yang indah dan eksotik. Keunggulan lokasi (geographical advantage) menjadi alasan Pemerintah Daerah menetapkan Ekowisata sebagai paradigma pembangunan wilayah Wakatobi. Penelitian ini bertujuan melihat sistem penghidupan dan tingkat resiliensi rumahtangga setelah ekowista dikembangkan di Wakatobi menggunakan pendekatan “Sustainable Livelihood aproach”. Hasil kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah kegiatan ekowisata belum berkontribusi besar dalam pembangunan wilayah karena terjadi persoalan ”Decoupling Sustainability”, hal ini menghambat tercapainya tujuan pembangunan wilayah yang berbasiskan ekowisata yaitu kelesetarian alam terjaga dan masyarakat lokal memperoleh manfaat. Tetapi yang terjadi adalah pembangunan ekowisata yang belum inklusif sehingga hanya lapisan rumahtangga atas yang mampu mengakses peluang yang tersedia. Ekowisata pada dasarnya dapat meningkatkan resiliensi ekonomi rumahtangga.Kata kunci: pembangunan wilayah, ekowisata, livelihood , resiliensi, decoupling sustainabilit
The Impact of Pasir Putih Beach’s Tourism, Situbondo, on Job and Business Opportunities
Get PDFThe objective of this research is to analyze the impact of Pasir Putih Beach’s tourisms on job and business opportunities. The results show that, first, tourism at Pasir Butih Beach strongly promote job and business opportunities for local i.e. hotel and homestay, boat rental, restaurants, peddlers, retailers, and packman. Second, with regards to full job in tourism sector, the economic contribution of tourism to total household income is quite significant. The average monthly income of the rental boatman could reach 69.3 percent (or Rp 859 700) of the total monthly income. Meanwhile for the peddler the contribution of tourism sector to the total household income reach 73.1 percent (or Rp 544 400). As for merchandise, the contribution from tourism reaches 50.3 percent (or Rp 455 500) out of the total household income.Keyword: tourism, job opportunity, business opportunity, and household incom
The Effect of Community Plantation Development to the Empowerment and the Investment Forest Village Community
Get PDFCommunity Plantation (not incorporated) are plantations held or managed by planters for small businesses grouped in smallholder tree crops and plantation household business people. In its management, smallholder plantations can affect the level of empowerment and investment communities working on forest villages. The purpose of this study is to analyze the role of government in encouraging or influencing the empowerment of farmers to invest in plantations. The approach used to analyze the effect is the quantitative approach with survey method that is supported by the relevant qualitative data. The results showed the level of government’s role does not affect the level of empowerment of forest villagers. However, the level of the role of government affect the rate of integration of commodity farm forest villagers. At the level of investment, the implementation of people’s plantation management does not affect the level of community investment significantly.Keywords: role of governments,forest villagers, integratio
Livelihood Strategy of Coastal Women to Fishermen Family Income
Get PDFThe livelihoods of fishery households are highly vulnerable to fishery sources due to their nature-depending catchments, fishery households in SendangBiru coastal for example. This study focused to analyse the livelihood strategy and contribution of coastal women in SendangBiru to improve their family income. Descriptive and explanatory methods using questionnaire instrument and purposive sampling were used. The responden samples are coastal women who were productively doing activities to obtain extra income for their family. Coastal women of SendangBiru have important roles to improve their family income by spending a lot of time to do productive and reproductive activities. Coastal women’s income contributions bring about significant effects on fishery families’ financial security. Most of coastal women contributions meet half of their family needs.Keywords: livelihood strategy, coastal women, income contribution, family incom
Water Resource Management Discourse in Indonesia (Case Studi 2002-2015)
Get PDFABSTRACTThe discourse of water resources management that occurred in Indonesia for more than a decade involving governments and civil society be interesting to watch. The purpose of this study is to interpret and analyze the discourse and argumentation conflicting parties in the public sphere in water resource management in Indonesia in 2002-2015. Benefits of theoretical research is to increase the variety of discourse analysis method. This critical research paradigm using the theory of Communicative Action Habermas who developed the concept of discourse. Using the method of DHA Wodak as a method of discourse rooted in the critical theory of Habermas researchers managed to see the interests behind the making of Law No. 7 of 2004 on Water Resources and arguments used to use legal rationality and everyday language. Water Resources Law 2004 born of global importance that took the interests of katas ha of water and water privatization. Through discourse with distortion-free communication, guarantees the rationality, where the best reliable arguments to challenge oppressive power and hegemonic ideology.Keywords: argumentation, critique, discourse, privatization, public sphere, water rightABSTRAKDiskursus pengelolaan sumber daya air yang terjadi di Indonesia lebih dari satu dekade yang melibatkan pemerintah dan masyarakat sipil menarik untuk diamati. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menafsirkan dan menganalisis diskursus dan argumentasi pihak-pihak yang berkonflik di ruang publik dalam pengelolaan sumber daya air di Indonesia tahun 2002-2015. Manfaat penelitian secara teoretis adalah untuk menambah variasi metode analisis diskursus. Penelitian berparadigma kritis ini menggunakan teori Tindakan Komunkatif Habermas yang mengembangkan konsep diskursus. Menggunakan metode DHA Wodak sebagai metode diskursus yang berakar pada teori kritis Habermas peneliti berhasil melihat kepentingan di balik pembuatan UU Nomor 7 Tahun 2004 tentang Sumber Daya Air dan argumentasi yang digunakan menggunakan rasionalitas hukum dan bahasa sehari-hari. UU SDA lahir dari kepentingan global yang membawa kepentingan hak atas air dan privatisasi air. Melalui diskursus dengan komunikasi bebas distorsi menjamin lahirnya rasionalitas, dimana argumentasi terbaik dapat diandalkan untuk menantang kekuasaan yang menindas dan ideologi yang hegemonik.Kata kunci: argumentasi, kritik, diskursus, privatisasi, ruang publik, hak atas ai
The Dynamics of Sasi in Kaimana: the Institutional Change over Traditional Marine Resource Management
Get PDFABSTRACTSasi, as a regime of common (pool) resource management, has long been trusted as one of the most efficient traditional practices in maintaining the sustainability of resources in coastal areas. However, the practice of Sasiwas highly influenced by adat, customary laws set by feudal system that have been replaced by the modern state. This research intended toexamine (1) how the practice of Sasi has changed along with the ecological, social, and economic changes that happened within the society, and (2) what was the impact of this change to the mechanism of the distribution of wealth within the localcommunity. Field research was conducted inthe Kaimana District, West Papua Province,from November - December 2015, using qualitative methods and progressive contextualization strategy.The results indicated that the economic changes were the main driving factor of the dynamic of Sasi in Kaimana. The commercialization of Sasi by village elites hasreplaced this tradition of marine conservation and its orientation with the mechanism ofsurplus accummulation. It degraded the social security mechanism, affectedthe income of the community in general,and developed intimate exclusionsof the sub-ordinate groups,includingwomen.Keywords: coastal resource, social change, social security, intimate exclusion.ABSTRAKSasi, sebagai suatu rezim pengelolaan sumberdaya alam milik bersama, telah lama dipercaya sebagai salah satu praktek tradisional yang efisien dalam memelihara kelestarian sumberdaya di wilayah laut. Namun demikian, praktek Sasi ini sangat dipengaruhi oleh adat yang didirikan oleh sistem feodal, suatu sistem yang kini telah digantikan oleh pemerintahan modern. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan (1) bagaimana praktek Sasi telah berubah sejalan dengan perubahan ekologi, sosial dan ekonomi yang terjadi di masyarakat, dan (2) bagaimana dampak perubahan tersebut terhadap mekanisme distribusi kemakmuran di dalam komunitas. Studi lapangan dilakukan pada November – Desember 2016 di Kabupaten Kaimana, Papua Barat, dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif dan strategi penelitian progressive contextualization. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perubahan ekonomi adalah yang paling berpengaruh terhadap dinamika Sasi di Kaimana. Komersialisasi Sasi oleh elit desa telah menggeser tradisi konservasi laut serta orientasinya dengan mekanisme akumulasi surplus bagi rumah tangga. Hal ini menyebabkan tergedradasinya mekanisme jaminan sosial masyarakat secara umum, dan menimbulkan intimate exclusion terhadap kelompok sub-ordinat, termasuk perempuan.Kata kunci: sumberdaya laut, perubahan sosial, jaminan sosial, eksklusi karib
The Impact of Zoning and Whale Shark Attraction Tourism Toward Kwatisore Community
Get PDFABSTRACTThe establishment of a conservation area, especially the area became a national park is not without a problem. Many research has been done in the area of conservation with the result of people who have long lived in the conservation area be marginalized mainly due to the zoning applied to conservation and tourism. Therefore, this study is intended to explore the impact of zoning and tourism to the marginalization of people living in the national park. This research was conducted in Cenderawasih Bay National Park, especially located in the Kwatisore Village, Nabire District of Papua Province. The method used is qualitative method with data collection technique through in-depth interviews. The research finds, first, zoning do not disturb Kwatisore community access toward resources. Second, tourism gained additional income for the local community by selling souvenir, renting boat, and ritual ceremony for tourist attraction. Third, floating capture fisheries and floating net cage changes fisheries technology and gain additional income. So it can be concluded that zoning, and tourism are not marginalized the Kwatisore community.Keywords: conservation, zoning, tourism, marginalization, community KwatisoreABSTRAKPembentukan kawasan konservasi, khususnya kawasan yang ditetapkan menjadi taman nasional bukanlah tanpa masalah. Banyak penelitian yang telah dilakukan menunjukkan bahwa pembentukan suatu kawasan menjadi taman nasional berdampak pada terjadinya marginalisasi terhadap masyarakat terutama masyarakat yang telah lama bermukim di kawasan konservasi karena penetapan zonasi dan pariwisata. Oleh karena itu penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis lebih jauh dampak dari zonasi dan pariwisata terhadap marginalisasi masyarakat yang telah bermukim lama di dalam taman nasional. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Taman Nasional Teluk Cenderawasih khususnya di Kampung Kwatisore, Kabupaten Nabire, Provinsi Papua. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif melalui wawancara mendalam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa, pertama, implementasi zonasi di kawasan Perairan Kwatisore tidak mempengaruhi akses komunitas Kwatisore terhadap sumber daya alam. Kedua, adanya pariwisata memberikan penghasilan tambahan terhadap komunitas Kwatisore. Tambahan penghasilan berasal dari penjualan souvenir, penyewaan perahu, dan pengadaan upacara adat penyambutan tamu. Ketiga, dilapangan juga ditemukan bahwa keberadaan bagan dan Keramba Jaring Apung (KJA) memberikan perubahan terhadap teknologi penangkapan sekaligus juga memberikan tambahan pendapatan bagi komunitas Kwatisore. Jadi implementasi zonasi, keberadaan pariwisata, bagan dan KJA tidak menyebabkan terjadinya marginalisasi terhadap komunitas Kwatisore.Kata kunci: konservasi, zonasi, pariwisata, marginalisasi, komunitas Kwatisor
Fisher’s Adaptation Strategiesinsmall islandsto the Impactsof Climate Change (A case study in Pulau Panjang Village, Subi District, Natuna Regency, Riau Island)
Get PDFThis study aime to analyzethe effect ofclimate change onsocio-economic conditionsof fisher, as well as to identifyadaptation and mitigation strategies related to climate change. The method inthis study usingquantitative and qualitative methods. The results showed thattheeffectof climate changeonsocio-economic aspects offishing. Influenceonsocio-economic aspects ofthesearenotnecessarilythe calendarseason, the loss ofsome of the animalsthat becamea markerdeterminationseason, andincreased intensity of stormsat seawhichinterfere withthe activityof fisher catching. Therefore, the right strategy is needed to transform fisher’s adaptation on adjusting with climate change. The types of adaptational strategy are divided into: the diversification of economic activities; the investment on fishing technology; maintaining good relationship with other fishers; finding new catchment areas; and utilizing social relationship and mobilizing members of the family.Keywords: adaptationstrategy, climate change,fisher, small island