Sodality: Jurnal Sosiologi Pedesaan
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Rural Livelihood Vulnerability and Resilience: a Typology Drawn from Case Studies of Small-Scale Farmers and Fishermen in Indonesia
Get PDFVarious studies on rural household livelihood systems have been carried out in Indonesia to explain the level of household livelihood vulnerability in both farming and fishing communities. The livelihood of small-scale farmers and fishermen is usually vulnerable due to climate and non-climate pressure. This desk study compares the results of studies on livelihood vulnerability from various theses, dissertations and scientific journal articles with a similar topic of study. A case study analysis is used to figure out a comparative picture of small-scale farmers and fishermen households in responding to the pressure as well as making adaptive actions to survive. The weakness of this study is that the conclusion cannot provide evidences as a basis for deriving generalization. Rather it only provides an initial description of the socioeconomic responses as shown by small-scale farmers and fishermen in reacting to ecological pressures. This study comes up with a typology of pressure faced by small-scale farmers and fishermen households. There are four types of stressor that are identified, i.e., climate variability, capital farm expansion, rural-infrastructure development, and economic actorcompetitions. In responding to livelihood vulnerability, most of small-scale farmers and fishermen build their resiliency by using resources under the controlled household system while others use external sources
Empowering Women Ex-Migrant Workers and Domestic Violence Victims through Komunitas Perempuan Singkong Jaya
Get PDFThis article seeks to understand the empowerment of women ex-migrant workers who have faced various problems before, during and after going back to the homeland as ex-migrant workers. These problems include unemployment, family’s affairs, exploitation, discrimination and domestic violence. Komunitas Perempuan Singkong Jaya has been established to carry out empowerment programs to overcome these problems. The purpose of this study is to identify the needs as well as the problems that hinder the implementation of the programs and seeks to find the solutions. This study employs descriptive qualitative approach to examine the implementation of the development programs which have been conducted by Komunitas Perempuan Singkong Jaya located in Desa Sukowilangun, Kec. Kalipare, Kab. Malang. Based on the findings, there are several problems in the implementation of development programs, including the lack of capital and facilities, packaging and marketing, as well as product license problems. Addressing these problems, some intervention programs have been conducted, including training and funding which have generated intended outputs. However, this study also found that the change in lifestyle of these women ex-migrant workers has resulted in their being reluctant to be involved in the development programs
Power Of Resources And Capacity Of Community Adaptation In Forest Fire Disaster
Get PDFThe widespread forest fires in South Sumatra were disastrous for the community around the forest area. However, this condition is beneficial to sonor underage activities. The government policy number 6 of 2016 that prohibit forests and/or land limits people\u27s access to exploit the potential of forests as a source of income and food sources. The community’s adaptation to new condition/regulation is not easy because of the community’s dependent to forest. The purpose of this study is to look at forest as resources and the community\u27s adaptive capacity. This study uses qualitative methods supported by quantitative data. The study indicated that there is a decrease of forest as the main source of livelihood. Sonor rice can no longer be produced, other forest plants have been greatly reduced because the forest has changed into a plantation. Rubber production is reduced due to heat from fires. The adaptive capacity of the community is classified as lacking because although there have been repeated fires there has been no change or new way that the community has done to overcome the lack of food resources. Linkages with outside parties have little impact on the growth of new economic opportunities. The lack of effective leadership role is one of the main causes. The resiliency of the Perigi community is only in Stability
The Correlation between Sociodemographic Characteristics and Chili Farmers\u27 Knowledge on Pesticide Application in Tegal Regency
Get PDFPest and disease are limiting factors in red chili cultivation. Chili farmers oftenuse synthetic pesticides to control pest and disease However, improper application of pesticide can cause deleterious effects to human and environment.The objective of research was to know the level of red chilli farmers understanding regardingpesticides use.This research was conducted in Bumijawa Subdistrict, Tegal District by interviewing farmers. A total number of 140 farmers werepurposely selected and divided into 4 groups, namely integrated pest management (IPM) monoculture,non IPM monoculture, IPM multiple cropping, and non IPM multiple cropping. Data analysis was performed using cross tabulation for likert scale questionnaire and Rank Spearman to analyze the relation among variables. Results showed that all four farmer groups had similar characteristics, i.e age range of 20-65 years, dominance ofelementary school graduates, and more than 10 years of farming experience. These group of farmers hadpositive score for application and safety principle of pesticide but they still had negative score on ecological aspect.Farmer’s age, level of education, and farming experience did not affect the knowledge of nonIPM monoculture and IPM monoculture groups. The level of education in non IPM multiple cropping group affected the application of pesticides. Farmer’s knowledge on pesticides usage and its safety application had significant correlation with farmer age and farming experience for IPM multiple cropping group
Social Responsibility of PT Asam Jawa to the Impacted Community as a Social Conflict Management Strategy
Get PDFOne important issue in the expansion of oil palm plantations in Indonesia is the massive escalative conflict between plantation companies and affected communities. This article discusses the conflict management by an oil palm plantation company, PT Asam Jawa. Using Lewis Coser\u27s safety valve theory, this article presents the analysis of research about the impacts of the CSR program implemented by PT Asam Jawa on the dynamics of conflict between affected people and the company. The question answered is whether the application of CSR can be an alternative effort to manage conflicts between PT Asam Java and people affected, happening since the company started its operations. The results showed that although PT Asam Jawa implemented an extensive CSR program, the CSR program carried out by PT Asam Jawa did not function as a safety valve, because the people who were in conflict with companies related to the land used by PT Asam Jawa were excluded by the company as recipients of CSR funds
Stifling of Customary People Political Voice of Recognition in Political Economy Perspective (Case Study on Mapur Tribe Lom Bangka Belitung)
Get PDFSymptoms of political neglection along with changes in capitalist-oriented economic development policies have become a major challenge for recognition of indigenous people in Indonesia. The experience of the Mapur Lom tribe marks the phase of detachment of an entity from its agrarian tradition. This study aims to identify the future critical point of Lom people due to the absence of recognition from the government which more prioritizes the practices of power domination and penetration of capital. The case study was used to oversee the socio-economic relations between tin and oil palm as well as the dynamics of actors contestation who were legitimized by the post-New Order bureaucracy. Data collection uses interviews, observation, document studies, and focused discussions. The results of the research show that the mechanism of stifling the political voice of Lom people\u27s recognition takes place through two phases, namely silencing from within by the apparatus at the hamlet level by hijacking the autonomy discourse of customary forests. The second phase, preclusion of political voices from outside through a continuous changing of regulations, policies that tend to favor the oil palm plantation corporations, capital intervention accompanied with land grab and violence. Working with Marxian perspective elaboration and critical perspective see that failure of state and bureaucracy at the regional level related to political economy of recognition are the result of perpetuating power domination based on concentration of regulation, policy, legitimacy, and capital along with collusion with corporations against individuals, groups and nature
Agrarian Twilight in Rural West Java: from Accumulation to Exclusion
Get PDFThrough this research, the phenomenon of agrarian twilight in rural West java was analyzed by the interactions of agrarian relations, the exclusion process, and actors that involved due to the agrarian history. With the implementation of a critical paradigm by multi method of qualitative research (historical sociology and sociological history) and case study approach, this research releases a deep study of space, temporality and contention so that it can reveal a fundamental problems inequality of agrarian structures in rural West Java from the era colonial up to the present situation. This research was conducted for six months starting from May to October 2018, primary data were collected by in-depth interviews with peasants as key informants of this research and supported by various secondary research data and other relevant documents. The data thereafter analyzed by means of three phases, as interpretative, empirical, and dialectical technique. The results showed that the erosion of the agricultural sector by the industrial and service sectors were complemented by the shrinking of agriculture land due to the conversion of agriculture land to non-agriculture. Historically, agrarian twilight was an alteration from the land accumulation by corporations that further lead to the exclusion of peasants from their land, with the period of time from colonial to the present situation. Unequal access to land, increasing land markets, power, and capital were the triggered. This situations conduced that peasants who directly faced changes in rural agrarian structure were cornered to the most vulnerable position. This condition shows the description of agrarian twilight in rural West Java
The Role of Swadesa Marketing Institutions in Increasing Farmers Income
Get PDFOne of The main problem faced by rice farmers is the marketing of agricultural products. To overcome these problems, Village Owned Enterprises (BUMDes) form a marketing agency, namely \u27Swadesa\u27 with on-line (e-commerce) and off-line (shop) systems. This study aims to analyze the role of Swadesa marketing institutions in improving the income of rice farmers. This research used qualitative and quantitative approaches (mix method). The research was conducted in Panggungharjo Village, Sewon District, Bantul Regency, Yogyakarta in March to October 2017. The results showed that this marketing agency could not run properly, so the purpose to increase farmer\u27s income has not been achieved. Various obstacles that hinder the development of these marketing institutions, among others: lack of capital, lack of human resources (HR), low interest of farmers to sell crops, and digital iliteracy in rice farmers. Operational policies are needed in terms of increasing marketing agency access to capital sources; e-commerce utilization training; and more intensive socialization about the advantages of an on-line based marketing system