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Diacerein treatment prevents colitis-associated cancer in mice
No full textInflammation is a well-established enabling factor for cancer development and provides a framework for the high prevalence of colon cancer in inflammatory bowel disease. In accordance, chronic inflammation has recently been implicated in the development of cancer stem cells (CSCs). However, the mechanism whereby anti-inflammatory drugs act in the prevention of colitis-associated cancer (CAC) is only partially understood. To evaluate the role of diacerein (DAR), an anti-inflammatory drug that mainly acts through the inhibition of interleukin (IL)-1β expression in the development of CSCs and CAC. The effects of DAR on colon inflammation in mice with CAC were evaluated by inflammatory index, reverse real-time transcription polymerase chain reaction and western blot. Cytokine levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Cells assays evaluated the effects of DAR on CSCs. Immunohistochemistry and apoptosis assays were also used to evaluate the effects of DAR on tumorigenesis associated with inflammation. DAR treatment reduced colon inflammation as well as the number and size of tumors in azoxymethane plus dextran sulphate sodium-treated animals. Accordingly, DAR treatment was associated with reduced intracellular signals of inflammation (inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa B kinase and c-Jun N-terminal kinase phosphorylation) in the colon. In addition, DAR treatment was associated with a decrease in colon CSC formation, suggesting that besides reducing colonic inflammation, DAR has a direct effect on the inhibition of colon carcinogenesis. Together, these data indicate that DAR-mediated IL-1β suppression attenuates inflammation-induced colon cancer and CSC formation, highlighting DAR as a potential candidate for the chemoprevention of CAC119732746FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO - FAPESP07607-8/201
Microbial diversity in degraded and non-degraded petroleum samples and comparison across oil reservoirs at local and global scales
No full textMicroorganisms have shown their ability to colonize extreme environments including deep subsurface petroleum reservoirs. Physicochemical parameters may vary greatly among petroleum reservoirs worldwide and so do the microbial communities inhabiting these different environments. The present work aimed at the characterization of the microbiota in biodegraded and non-degraded petroleum samples from three Brazilian reservoirs and the comparison of microbial community diversity across oil reservoirs at local and global scales using 16S rRNA clone libraries. The analysis of 620 16S rRNA bacterial and archaeal sequences obtained from Brazilian oil samples revealed 42 bacterial OTUs and 21 archaeal OTUs. The bacterial community from the degraded oil was more diverse than the non-degraded samples. Non-degraded oil samples were overwhelmingly dominated by gammaproteobacterial sequences with a predominance of the genera Marinobacter and Marinobacterium. Comparisons of microbial diversity among oil reservoirs worldwide suggested an apparent correlation of prokaryotic communities with reservoir temperature and depth and no influence of geographic distance among reservoirs. The detailed analysis of the phylogenetic diversity across reservoirs allowed us to define a core microbiome encompassing three bacterial classes (Gammaproteobacteria, Clostridia, and Bacteroidia) and one archaeal class (Methanomicrobia) ubiquitous in petroleum reservoirs and presumably owning the abilities to sustain life in these environments211211229FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO - FAPESP2011/14501-611th International Congress on Extremophiles2016-09-12Kyoto, Japã
Combined training, FNDC5/irisin levels and metabolic markers in obese men: A randomised controlled trial
No full textThe effects of training on FNDC5/irisin and its association with fitness and metabolic marker improvements induced by training have been poorly investigated in humans. Thus, the present study assessed the effects of combined training (CT) on FNDC5/irisin levels, metabolic markers and fitness adaptations in obese men. Middle-age obese men (age 49.13 +/- 5.75, body mass index (BMI) 30.86 +/- 1.63) were randomly distributed in the CT group (n = 12) and control group (CG n = 10). The CT consisted of strength followed by aerobic training, 3 times/week, for 24 weeks. Body composition, physical fitness, plasma FNDC5/irisin, biochemical markers and metabolic scores/index were evaluated. CT maintained FNDC5/irisin levels (mu g/mL) (pre: 4.15 +/- 0.32, post: 4.21 +/- 0.32; p = .96) and improved body composition, metabolic and physical fitness markers. In the CG, decreased FNDC5/irisin (mu g/mL) (pre: 4.36 +/- 0.23, post: 3.57 +/- 0.94; p = .01) and reduced strength (supine exercise/kg) (pre: 71 +/- 14.7, post: 60.1 +/- 14.05; p < .01) were observed, along with a trend to increase HOMA-IR (pre: 2.63 +/- 1.11, post: 3.14 +/- 1.27; p = .07) and other indicators of metabolic deterioration. An inverse correlation was found between the change (Delta%) in levels of FNDC5/irisin and Delta% glucose,Delta% total cholesterol,Delta% triglycerides and Delta% waist circumference, in addition to a positive relation with Delta% muscle strength. In conclusion, CT maintained FNDC5/irisin levels and provided metabolic and fitness benefits. The correlation between FNDC5/irisin changes and metabolic parameters, as well as the FNDC5/irisin reduction associated with fitness and metabolic worsening in the CG, suggests a relationship between FNDC5/irisin and a healthy metabolic status in humans175629637FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO - FAPESP11/09446-
Before, during and after megafaunal extinctions : human impact on pleistocene-Holocene trophic networks in south patagonia
No full textWorldwide extinctions of large terrestrial vertebrates in the late Pleistocene provide insight on how humans reshape ecological communities. Understanding the ecological causes and consequences of megafaunal extinctions requires integrating approaches to reconstruct the ecological communities from the past. Here, we combined archeological and paleontological evidence with network analyses to understand the changes in ecological communities from late Pleistocene to the Holocene in South Patagonia, the last continental region where the encounter between humans and extinct megafauna occurred. The zooarcheological record suggests humans would have interacted mainly with large-bodied species, which comprise a small subset of the available prey. Accordingly, using network reconstructions and structural analyses, we found that human arrival would have produced minor changes in the overall structure of trophic networks. However, those few novel interactions established by humans would have created multiple indirect paths among megafaunal species. Indirect paths are the route for indirect effects such as competition and increase the vulnerability of interaction networks to perturbations. After the extinctions of most of the megafauna, the impoverished network became structurally simpler and densely connected. Our reconstructions of past trophic networks show that multiple indirect effects, potentially contributing to extinctions, can emerge even from a limited number of novel interactions and illustrate how network organization can affect and be affected by extinctions events250COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DE PESSOAL DE NÍVEL SUPERIOR - CAPESNão te
Differences in contraceptive practice in the city of Sao Paulo, Brazil: results of the Ouvindo Mulheres population survey
No full textA contracepção é fundamental para que as mulheres possam regular sua fecundidade, exercendo uma das dimensões dos direitos reprodutivos. No entanto, desconhecemos como elas enfrentam esse desafio na maior cidade do Brasil, São Paulo. Para preencher essa lacuna, o inquérito populacional Ouvindo Mulheres: Contracepção no Município de São Paulo foi realizado junto a uma amostra probabilística de 4 mil mulheres com 15 a 44 anos de idade, residentes nessa cidade, em 2015. Neste artigo, apresenta-se a prevalência da prática contraceptiva, analisam-se os fatores associados ao não uso de contracepção e aos tipos de contraceptivos em uso. A prevalência da anticoncepção foi estimada para mulheres com, pelo menos, uma relação heterossexual nos 12 meses anteriores à entrevista e que não estavam grávidas. Regressão logística foi utilizada para verificar fatores associados ao não uso de contracepção, e o modelo CHAID, para identificar associações aos tipos de contraceptivo em uso. A prevalência da anticoncepção foi 84,8% (IC95%: 83,2-86,3). Os contraceptivos mais prevalentes foram pílula e preservativo masculino. Associaram-se ao não uso de anticoncepção, religião (Pentecostal), número de filhos (menos do que 3), não ter usado contraceptivo na primeira relação sexual, não ter parceiro e não ter tido relação sexual no mês anterior. O número de filhos tidos e a idade da mulher foram os dois primeiros níveis de discriminação dos tipos de contraceptivo utilizados. A prevalência da anticoncepção é alta, mas mantém-se a concentração em dois métodos: anteriormente, laqueadura e pílula, agora, pílula e preservativo masculino. É necessário incorporar novos contraceptivos hormonais no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) e promover o uso de métodos de longa duração como o DIU3610FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO - FAPESP2014/50115-1Contraception is essential for women to be able to regulate their fertility, exercising a key dimension of reproductive rights. However, little is known about how women deal with this challenge in Brazil’s largest city, São Paulo. To fill this gap, the population survey Ouvindo Mulheres: Contracepção no Município de São Paulo was conducted with a probabilistic sample of 4,000 women 15 to 44 years of age living in this city in 2015. This article presents the prevalence of contraceptive practice and analyzes factors associated with lack of contraception use and with types of contraceptives. Prevalence of contraception was estimated for women with at least one heterosexual relation in the 12 months prior to the interview and who were not pregnant. Logistic regression was used to verify factors associated with lack of contraception use, and the CHAID model was used to identify associations with the types of contraceptives used. Prevalence of contraception was 84.8% (95%CI: 83.2-86.3). The most prevalent contraceptives were the pill and condoms. Factors associated with lack of contraceptive use were religion (Pentecostal), number of children (fewer than 3), not having used contraceptives in the first sexual relation, not having a partner, and not having had sex in the previous month. Number of children and woman’s age were the first two levels of discrimination of the types of contraceptives used. Prevalence of contraception was high, but maintaining a concentration in two methods: historically, female sterilization and the pill prevailed, nowadays, the pill and condoms do. New hormonal contraceptives should be incorporated by the Brazilian Unified National Health System (SUS), besides promoting the use of long-acting methods such as IUD
As motivações para inovar do agricultor brasileiro: uma pesquisa
Get PDFsem informaçãoEste trabalho expõe a metodologia e alguns resultados de pesquisa concebida para captar as motivações para o inovar do agricultor brasileiro, Duas são as hipóteses principais que se pretende testar: 1) em contraste ao que 6 aceito pela maioria dos autores213379400sem informaçãosem informaçãosem informaçã
Credit, wealth and income: a review of the conventional consumption theories
No full textsem informaçãoEste artigo se propôs a resgatar o debate travado, sobretudo em meados do século XX, em torno das teorias macroeconômicas do consumo e buscou enfatizar como tal debate apreendeu as questões do crédito, da riqueza e da renda disponível. Tais questões são a384959988sem informaçãosem informaçãosem informaçã
Changes in labour productivity from an evolutionary perspective: applying Price’s equation to manufacturing industry in Brazil between 2007 and 2011
No full textsem informaçãoO presente trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar a equação de Price e sua aplicação para a economia brasileira, tendo como embasamento teórico a abordagem neo-schumpeteriana da concorrência, dinâmica e inovação, assim como a concepção do darwinismo genera142383414sem informaçãosem informaçãosem informaçã
O modelo euro-americano de modernização agrícola
Get PDFsem informaçãosem infomação22175197sem informaçãosem informaçãosem informaçã
Industrial Policy as Innovation Policy: notes on technological gap, policies, resources and innovative activities in Brazil
No full textsem informaçãoEste artigo discute uma dimensão central da política industrial em economias modernas e
globalizadas: a política de inovação. A partir da abordagem evolucionista, é abordada a relação
entre hiato tecnológico e competitividade. A seguir, a proposição centr141136sem informaçãosem informaçãosem informaçã