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Compositional procedures in electronic music and the emergence of time continuum
No full textWe introduce an analytical methodology to approach the perception of time in the electronic works Thema: Omaggio a Joyce (1958), by Luciano Berio, and Gesang der Jünglinge (1955–6), by Karlheinz Stockhausen. Such works have already been widely analysed and discussed. Moreover, similarities between them have been pointed out, such as the use of the voice as their main compositional material and the search for a continuum between the voice and electronic sounds. Despite their similarities, we argue that the perception of time in those works is significantly different. For that purpose, we bring theoretical references such as time concepts related to complex dynamic systems, and the perception of time according to the Gestalt theory. We discuss segmentation and texture evolution in time of both works employing graphical representations based on perceptual audio descriptors such as the mel scale and the volume. In addition, aiming to find recurrences, repetitions and variations of the spectral material in time, we apply phase space graphs addressing the values of the descriptors employed in the analysis. The features found will lead to conclusions on the emergence of time perception in which the continuity depends on the presence of similar events, periodicities and pregnancies, while discontinuity is given by the presence of more variation, instability and saliences. We emphasise the differences of form perception in those pieces, arguing that they are the result of the manipulation of sound materials and organisation in time by the composers252Time in Electroacoustic Music156167CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO - CNPQFUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO - FAPESP04431/2018-4; 429620/2018-72016/23433-8; 2019/09734-
A new name, synonyms, and typifications in Eugenia (Myrtaceae) from São Paulo, Brazil
No full textEugenia is an important genus of Brazilian Myrtaceae due to its representativity, ecological and economic aspects. During a study on the taxonomy of Eugenia for the “Flora Fanerogâmica do Estado de São Paulo” project, some names in need of nomenclatural and taxonomic changes were identified. A new name, and six new synonyms are herein presented, as well as the designation of ten lectotypes, two epitypes, one neotype, and the elucidation of a not validly published name, including a discussion of each case468
Strong but permeable barriers to gene exchange between sister species of Epidendrum
No full textPREMISE OF THE STUDY: The investigation of reproductive barriers between sister species can provide insights into how new lineages arise, and how species integrity is maintained in the face of interspecific gene flow. Different pre- and postzygotic barriers can limit interspecific gene exchange in sympatric populations, and different sources of evidence are often required to investigate the role of multiple reproductive isolation (RI) mechanisms. METHODS: We tested the hypothesis of hybridization and potential introgression between Epidendrum secundum and Epidendrum xanthinum, two Neotropical food-deceptive orchid species, using nuclear and plastid microsatellites, experimental crosses, pollen tube growth observations, and genome size estimates. KEY RESULTS: A large number of hybrids between E. secundum and E. xanthinum were detected, suggesting weak premating barriers. The low fertility of hybrid plants and the absence of haplotype sharing between parental species indicated strong postmating barriers, reducing interspecific gene exchange and the development of advanced generation hybrids. Despite the strength of reproductive barriers, fertile seeds were produced in some backcrossing experiments, and the existence of interspecific gene exchange could not be excluded. CONCLUSIONS: Strong but permeable barriers were found between E. secundum and E. xanthinum. Indeed, haplotype sharing was not detected between parental species, suggesting that introgression is limited by a combination of genic incompatibilities, including negative cytonuclear interactions. Most taxonomic uncertainties in this group were potentially influenced by incomplete RI barriers between species, which mainly occurred sympatrically103814721482CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO - CNPQCOORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DE PESSOAL DE NÍVEL SUPERIOR - CAPESFUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO - FAPESP490510/2013-2; 440367/2014-0PNPD201319072009/52725-3; 2009/15052-0; 2010/19617-0; 2013/02453-
Correction for Ferreira et al., “Computational chemogenomics drug repositioning strategy enables the discovery of epirubicin as a new repurposed hit for plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax”
No full textWidespread resistance against antimalarial drugs thwarts current efforts for controlling the disease and urges the discovery of new effective treatments. Drug repositioning is increasingly becoming an attractive strategy since it can reduce costs, risks and time-to-market. Herein we have used this strategy to identify novel antimalarial hits. We performed a comparative in silico chemogenomics approach to select Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax proteins as potential drug targets and analyzed these using a computer-assisted drug repositioning pipeline to identify approved drugs with potential antimalarial activity. Among seven drugs identified as promising antimalarial candidates, the anthracycline epirubicin was selected for further experimental validation. Epirubicin was shown to be potent in vitro against sensitive and multidrug-resistant P. falciparum strains and P. vivax field isolates in the nanomolar range, as well as being effective against an in vivo murine model of P. yoelii. Transmission-blocking activity was observed for epirubicin in vitro and in vivo. Finally, using yeast-based haploinsufficiency chemical genomic profiling, we aimed to get insights on epirubicin's mechanism of action. Beyond the target predicted in silico (a DNA gyrase in the apicoplast), functional assays suggested a GlcNac-1-P-transferase (GPT) enzyme as a potential target. Docking calculations predicted the binding mode of epirubicin with DNA gyrase and GPT proteins. Epirubicin is originally an antitumoral agent and presents associated toxicity. However, its antiplasmodial activity not only against P. falciparum but also P. vivax in different stages of the parasite lifecycle supports the use of this drug as a scaffold for hit-to-lead optimization in malaria drug discovery649CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO - CNPQFUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE GOIÁS - FAPEGFUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO - FAPESP14/2013300508/2017-42017/18611-7; 2018/07007-4; 2013/13119-6; G-1709-16618; 2017/02031-1; 2015/20774-6; 2018/24878-9; 2017/01986-8; 2015/03553-6We thank Brazilian and Portuguese funding agencies, CNPq, FAPESP, FAPEG, and FCT for financial support and fellowships. C.H.A. thanks the “L’Oréal-UNESCO-ABC Para Mulheres na Ciência” and “L’Oréal-UNESCO International Rising Talents” for the awards and fellowships received, which partially funded this work. This work was funded by a joint grant of FCT of Portugal and FAPESP of Brazil, within the scope of the project “Identification of new antimalarial treatments through a target-centred ‘drug repositioning’ approach” (reference no. PTDC/SAU-PAR/28459/2017) and by CNPq, Ministry of Science of Brazil, under a grant awarded to P.V.L.C., call MCTI/CNPq 14/2013. F.T.M.C., C.H.A., and M.V.G.L. are research fellows in productivity of CNPq. F.T.M.C. is supported by the Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP; grant 2017/18611-7) and FCT-FAPESP (grant 2018/07007-4). D.Y.B. is supported by grants from FAPESP and Instituto Serrapilheira (2013/13119-6 and G-1709-16618). S.C.P.L. is supported by grants from CNPq and INOVA Fiocruz. L.T.F., G.C.C., and K.C.P.T. were supported by FAPESP fellowships (2017/02031-1, 2015/20774-6, and 2018/24878-9). M.M. and C.H.A. were supported by the Brazilian CNPq/FAPEG (grant 300508/2017-4). L.D.A. and E.B. are supported by FAPESP (grants 2017/01986-8 and 2015/03553-6) and a Vetenskapsrådet (Swedish Research Council) grant (2016-05627). The funding agencies had no role in the study design, data collection, analysis, and interpretation of data; in the writing of the report; and in the decision to submit the paper for publicatio
Computing fractal descriptors of texture images using sliding boxes: an application to the identification of brazilian plant species
No full textThis work proposes a new model based on fractal descriptors for the classification of grayscale texture images. The method consists of scanning the image with a sliding box and collecting statistical information about the pixel distribution. Varying the box size, an estimation of the fractality of the image can be obtained at different scales, providing a more complete description of how such parameter changes in each image. The same strategy is also applied to a especial encoding of the image based on local binary patterns. Descriptors both from the original image and from the local encoding are combined to provide even more precise and robust results in image classification. A statistical model based on the theory of sliding window detection probabilities and Markov transition processes is formulated to explain the effectiveness of the method. The descriptors were tested on the identification of Brazilian plant species using scanned images of the leaf surface. The classification accuracy was also verified on three benchmark databases (KTH-TIPS2-b, UIUC and UMD). The results obtained demonstrate the power of the proposed approach in texture classification and, in particular, in the practical problem of plant species identification545CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO - CNPQFUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO - FAPESP301480/2016-82016/16060-
Conceptual and operational definition of nursing outcomes regarding the breastfeeding establishment
No full textConstruir definições conceituais e operacionais dos Resultados de Enfermagem “Estabelecimento da amamentação: lactente (1000)” e “Estabelecimento da amamentação: mãe (1001)”. Revisão integrativa da literatura nas bases de dados: PubMed (Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina dos Estados Unidos); LILACS (Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde); CINAHL (Índice Cumulativo de Enfermagem e Literatura Aliada em Saúde); SciVerse SCOPUS; Web of Science; BDENF (Base de Dados de Enfermagem Brasileira) e EMBASE (Excerpta Medica Database). A literatura cinzenta foi explorada para a elucidação de tópicos não abordados pelos artigos. De 3242 artigos, 96 foram selecionados para a leitura na íntegra e 43, utilizados na construção das definições. Selecionaram-se cinco teses, três dissertações, três livros e dois manuais. Todo o conteúdo dos resultados foi revisado. As definições facilitaram o aprimoramento do conteúdo proposto pela Nursing Outcomes Classification, favorecendo sua aplicação na prática clínica e sustentação para o desenvolvimento de pesquisas e ensino. Foi proposta mudança na definição dos dois resultados, bem como alteração do título de um deles para Estabelecimento da amamentação: recém-nascido & lactente (1000), com alterações em sete de seus indicadores e a exclusão de um. Para o resultado relacionado à mãe, foram propostas modificações em dois indicadores e exclusão de um28To construct conceptual and operational definitions of Nursing Outcomes “Breastfeeding establishment: infant (1000)” and “Breastfeeding establishment: maternal (1001)”. Integrative literature review in the following databases: PUBMED (United States National Library of Medicine); LILACS (Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature); CINAHL (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature); SciVerse SCOPUS; Web of Science; BDENF (Brazilian Nursing Database) and EMBASE (Excerpta Medica Database). The gray literature was explored to elucidate topics not covered by the articles. Of 3242 articles, 96 were selected to be read in full, and 43 were used for constructing the definitions. Five theses, three dissertations, three books and two manuals were selected. All the results were reviewed. The definitions facilitated the improvement of the content proposed by the Nursing Outcomes Classification, favoring its application in clinical practice and supporting the development of research and teaching. It was proposed to change the definition of the two outcomes, as well as to change the title of one of them to “Breastfeeding establishment: newborn & infant” (1000), modifying seven of its indicators and excluding one. For the outcome related to the mother, it was proposed to modify two indicators and exclude on
Conformational Isomerism of 3-chalcogenomethyl-N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinones: insights from NMR spectroscopy and molecular modeling
No full textA conformational analysis of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone 3-substituted by methoxyl, thiomethoxyl, and selenomethoxyl is reported by means of 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and electronic structure calculations. The five-membered ring has an envelope conformation with the α-carbonyl substituent being able to assume two positions: pseudo-axial and pseudo-equatorial. In vacuum, the calculations pointed to the pseudo-axial conformer as the most stable one, and this preference increases with the size of the substituent and a decrease in its electronegativity. Natural bond orbital analysis evidenced the importance of electron delocalization on the stability, and a principal component of analysis (PCA) plot of the hyperconjugative interactions revealed the main ones. Steric and electrostatic effects were also investigated by energy decomposition analysis1244185098518CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO - CNPQCOORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DE PESSOAL DE NÍVEL SUPERIOR - CAPESnão temnão te
Connaraceae: an updated overview of research and the pharmacological potential of 39 species
No full textAn interdisciplinary scientific investigation of biologically active agents is fundamental to search for natural substances with therapeutic action. This review collected the most relevant information on traditional knowledge related to the use of plants of the Connaraceae family. This work is the first to compile all the published ethnobotanical, chemical, pharmacological, and toxicological information about this important plant family. Our objective was to provide the scientific community with an up-to-date overview of the pharmacological potential of Connaraceae species. We searched NCBI Pubmed Central, Google Scholar, Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), ScienceDirect, SciFinder, and Scopus databases to review the research on ethnobotanical, chemical, pharmacognostical, pharmacological, and toxicological studies with Connaraceaes. Books that address the theme were also included. The literature review indicated that 39 species of Connaraceaes have pharmacological potentiality. Ethnobotany reports listed 36 of the 39 species discussed. Pharmacognostical studies have been conducted with 23 species and isolates, and chemical compounds have been identified for only 15 species. At least one study has been published concerning the pharmacological activities for 20 of the 39 species analyzed. For Agelaea pentagyna, Cnestis ferruginea, Connars suberosus, and Rourea minor, pharmacological activity experiments were performed using isolated compounds, which have the highest current pharmacological potential. Studies employing a toxicological approach cover only 10 of the 39 Connaraceaes species. Thus, scientific community should conduct much more research for a broader understanding of this plant family261COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DE PESSOAL DE NÍVEL SUPERIOR - CAPESFUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO - FAPESP88882.329252/2018–012019/03173–
Epitympanum volume and tympanic isthmus area in temporal bones with retraction pockets
No full textObjectives/HypothesisTo compare the volume of the epitympanic space, as well as the area of the tympanic isthmus, in human temporal bones with retraction pockets to those with chronic otitis media without retraction pockets and to those with neither condition. Study DesignComparative human temporal bone study. MethodsWe generated a three-dimensional model of the bony epitympanum and measured the epitympanic space. We also compared the area of the tympanic isthmus. ResultsThe mean total volume of the epitympanum was 40.55 7.14 mm(3) in the retraction pocket group, 50.03 8.49 mm(3) in the chronic otitis media group, and 48.03 +/- 9.16 mm(3) in the neither condition group. The mean volume of the anterior, lateral, and medial compartments in temporal bones in the retraction pocket group was significantly smaller than in the two control groups (P < 0.05). Total epitympanic volume was also significantly smaller in the retraction pocket group than in both control groups (P < 0.05). The mean area of the tympanic isthmus was significantly smaller in the retraction pocket group (8.11 +/- 2.44 mm(2)) than in the chronic otitis media group (9.82 +/- 2.06 mm(2)) or the neither condition group (10.66 +/- 1.78 mm(2)) (P < 0.05). Conclusion Our data indicate that temporal bones with retraction pockets have a smaller volume bony epitympanum and a smaller tympanic isthmus area as compared with temporal bones from both control groups. The smaller volume tympanic isthmus in the retraction pocket group may suggest that a blockage in the aeration pathways to the epitympanum could create dysventilation, resulting in negative pressure and ultimately in retraction pockets and cholesteatomas12611E369E374sem informaçã
Reversion of hepatic steatosis by exercise training in obese mice: The role of sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c
No full textAim: The dysregulation of regulatory element-binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c) is associated with hepatic steatosis. However, effects of exercise on SREBP-1c protein level in liver have not been investigated. Thus, in this study we investigated if reversion of the hepatic steatosis-induced by exercise training is related with levels of SREBP-1c. Main methods: Mice were divided into two groups: control lean mice (CT), fed on standard rodent chow, and obese mice (HF), fed on a high-fat diet for 2 months. After this period obese mice were divided in two groups: obese mice and obese mice submitted to exercise (HF + EXE). The HF + EXE group performed a running program of 50 min per day, 5 days per week, for 8 weeks. Forty-eight hours after the last exercise session, biochemical, immunoblotting, histology and immunohistochemistry analyses were performed. Key findings: Livers of HF mice showed increased SREBP-1c, FAS (Fatty Acid Synthase), SCD1 (Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase1) and CPT1 (Carnitine Palmitoyl Transferase1) protein levels (3.4, 5.0, 2.6 and 2.9 times, respectively), though ACC (Acetyl-CoA Carboxilase) phosphorylation dropped 4.2 times. In livers of HF + EXE, levels of SREBP-1c, FAS, SCDI and CPTI decreased 2.1, 1.9, 1.8, and 2.7 times, respectively), while ACC phosphorylation increased 3.0 times. Lower SREBP-1c protein levels after exercise were confirmed also by immunohistochemistry. Total liver lipids content was higher in HF (2.2 times) when compared to CT, and exercise training reduced it significantly (1.7 times). Significance: Our study allows concluding that the reduction in SREBP-1c protein levels is associated with steatosis reversion induced by exercise training9111-12395401CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO - CNPQsem informaçã