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The effects of training volume and repetition distance on session rating of perceived exertion and Internal load in swimmers
No full textTo assess swimmers' session rating of perceived exertion (sRPE) after standardized sets of interval swimming training performed at the same relative intensity but with different total volume and repetition distance. Thirteen moderately trained swimmers (21.1 +/- 1.1 y, 178 +/- 6 cm, 74.1 +/- 8.3 kg, 100-m freestyle 60.2 +/- 2.9 s) performed 4 standardized sets (10 x 100-m, 20 x 100-m, 10 x 200-m, and 5 x 400-m) at the same relative intensity (ie, critical speed), and 1 coach (age 31 y, 7 y coaching experience) rated their efforts. Swimmers' sRPE was assessed 30 min after the training session. Coach sRPE was collected before each training session. Internal load was calculated by multiplying sRPE by session duration. Results: When bouts with the same repetition distance and different volumes (10 x 100-m vs 20 x 100-m) are compared, sRPE and internal load are higher in 20 x 100-m bouts. When maintaining constant volume, sRPE and internal load (20 x 100-m, 10 x 200-m, and 5 x 400-m) are higher only in 5 x 400-m bouts. The coach's and swimmers' sRPE differed in 10 x 200-m and 5 x 400-m. These results indicate that sRPE in swimming is affected not only by intensity but also by volume and repetition distance. In addition, swimmers' and the coach's sRPE were different when longer repetition distances were used during training sessions. Therefore, care should be taken when prescribing swimming sessions with longer volume and/or longer repetition distances10784885
Adding logic to the toolbox of molecular biology
No full textThe aim of this paper is to argue that logic can play an important role in the "toolbox" of molecular biology. We show how biochemical pathways, i.e., transitions from a molecular aggregate to another molecular aggregate, can be viewed as deductive processes. In particular, our logical approach to molecular biology - developed in the form of a natural deduction system - is centered on the notion of Curry-Howard isomorphism, a cornerstone in nineteenth-century proof-theory53399417FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO - FAPESP2013/22371-0Sao Paulo State, Brazi
Automatic stopping rule for iterative methods in discrete Ill-posed problems
No full textThe numerical treatment of large-scale discrete ill-posed problems is often accomplished iteratively by projecting the original problem onto a -dimensional subspace with acting as regularization parameter. Hence, to filter out the contribution of noise in the computed solution, the iterative process must be stopped early. In this paper, we analyze in detail a stopping rule for LSQR proposed recently by the authors, and show how to extend it to Krylov subspace methods such as GMRES, MINRES, etc. Like the original rule, the extended version works well without requiring a priori knowledge about the error norm and stops automatically (k) over bar + 1 after steps where (k) over bar is the computed regularization parameter. The performance of the stopping rule on several test problems is illustrated numerically34311751197CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO - CNPQFUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO - FAPESP308709/2011-0; 477093/2011-62009/52193-
Construction of signal sets from quotient rings of the quaternion orders associated with arithmetic fuchsian groups
Get PDFThis paper aims to construct signal sets from quotient rings of the quaternion over a real number field associated with the arithmetic Fuchsian group Γ 4g , where g is the genus of the associated surface. These Fuchsian groups consist of the edge-pairing isometries of the regular hyperbolic polygons (fundamental region) P 4g , which tessellate the hyperbolic plane D 2 . The corresponding tessellations are the self-dual tessellations {4g, 4g}. Knowing the generators of the quaternion orders which realize the edge-pairings of the polygons, the signal points of the signal sets derived from the quotient rings of the quaternion orders are determined. It is shown by examples the relevance of adequately selecting the ideal in the maximal order to construct the signal sets satisfying the property of geometrical uniformity. The labeling of such signals is realized by using the mapping by set partitioning concept to solve the corresponding Diophantine equations (extreme quadratic forms). Trellis coded modulation and multilevel codes whose signal sets are derived from quotient rings of quaternion orders are considered possible applications8196050196061CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO - CNPQFUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO - FAPESP305656/2015-52013/25977-
A promising Ames battery for mutagenicity characterization of new dyes
No full textWhen testing new products, potential new products, or their impurities for genotoxicity in the Ames test, the quantity available for testing can be a limiting factor. This is the case for a dye repository of around 98,000 substances the Max Weaver Dye Library (MWDL). Mutagenicity data on dyes in the literature, although vast, in several cases is not reliable, compromising the performance of the in silico models. In this report, we propose a strategy for the generation of high‐quality mutagenicity data for dyes using a minimum amount of sample. We evaluated 15 dyes from different chemical classes selected from 150 representative dyes of the MWDL. The purity and molecular confirmation of each dye were determined, and the microplate agar protocol (MPA) was used. Dyes were tested at the limit of solubility in single and concentration‐response experiments using seven strains without and with metabolic activation except for anthraquinone dyes which were tested with eight strains. Six dyes were mutagenic. The most sensitive was YG1041, followed by TA97a > TA98 > TA100 = TA1538 > TA102. YG7108 as well as TA1537 did not detect any mutagenic response. We concluded that the MPA was successful in identifying the mutagenicity of dyes using less than 12.5 mg of sample. We propose that dyes should be tested in a tiered approach using YG1041 followed by TA97a, TA98, and TA100 in concentration‐response experiments. This work provides additional information on the dye mutagenicity database available in the literature6215265COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DE PESSOAL DE NÍVEL SUPERIOR - CAPESFUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO - FAPESP0012017‐19599‐
Prolactin, EGFR, vimentin and α-actin profiles in elderly rat prostate subjected to steroid hormonal imbalance
No full textThe aim of this study was to characterize and relate the prolactin (PR), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), alpha-actin and vimentin immunoreactivity in the prostate of elderly rats subjected to steroid hormonal imbalance. Senile and young rats were divided into the young group (YNG), the senile group (SE), the castrated group (CAS), the estrogen-deficient group (ED), the castrated + estrogen group (CASE), and the estrogen-deficient + androgen group (EDTEST). PR and EGFR increased in the estrogen and androgen ablation groups. In addition, EGFR influenced the immunolocalization by changing it from the prostatic stroma to the epithelium in elderly rats. Hormone ablation in elderly rats, not only related to androgen but also estrogen, led to increased stromal EGFR immunolocalization. The alpha-actin pattern decreased in the groups with estrogenic imbalance. Moreover, vimentin increased in the senile and estrogen deficient group. To conclude, we can suggest that EGFR contributed towards the proliferative process in the prostate, by means however, of different mechanisms, considering the androgenic and estrogenic pathways. Also, our results indicated that prolactin could be activated not only in an androgen-independent pathway but also in an estrogen independent pathway. Finally, PR and vimentin immunolocalization increase, in the prostatic stroma in the group showing estrogenic ablation, could be one of the factors which contribute to the reactive stroma formation483189196FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO - FAPESP2010/01739-1; 2009/50396-
Organic micropollutants (OMPs) in natural waters: Oxidation by UV/H2O2 treatment and toxicity assessment
No full textOrganic micropollutants (OMPs) are ubiquitous in natural waters even in places where the human activity is limited. The presence of OMPs in natural water sources for human consumption encourages the evaluation of different water purification technologies to ensure water quality. In this study, the Biobio river (Chile) was selected since the watershed includes urban settlements and economic activities (i.e. agriculture, forestry) that incorporate a variety of OMPs into the aquatic environment, such as pesticides, pharmaceuticals and personal care products. Atrazine (herbicide), caffeine (psychotropic), diclofenac (anti-inflammatory) and triclosan (antimicrobial) in Biobio river water and in different stages of a drinking and two wastewater treatment plants downstream Biobio river were determined using solid phase extraction (SPE) and liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and electrospray ionization (ESI). Quantification of these four compounds showed concentrations in the range of 8 +/- 2 to 55 +/- 10 ng L-1 in Biobio river water, 11 +/- 2 to 74 +/- 21 ng L-1 in the drinking water treatment plant, and 60 +/- 10 to 15,000 +/- 1300 ng L-1 in the wastewater treatment plants. Caffeine was used as an indicator of wastewater discharges. Because conventional water treatment technologies are not designed to eliminate some emerging organic pollutants, alternative treatment processes, UV and UV/H2O2, were employed. The transformation of atrazine, carbamazepine (antiepileptic), diclofenac and triclosan was investigated at laboratory scale. Both processes were tested at different UV doses and the Biobio river water matrix effects were evaluated. Initial H2O2 concentration used was 10 mg L-1. Results showed that, the transformation profile obtained using UV/H2O2 at UV doses up to 900 mJ cm(-2), followed the trend of diclofenac > triclosan > atrazine > carbamazepine. Furthermore acute toxicity tests with Daphnia magna were carried out after UV/H2O2 treatments of the OMPs mixture studied. At the lower UV doses tested (300 mJ cm(-2)) a higher toxicity was observed, suggesting the formation of toxic intermediates in the course of the reaction. As expected, at higher UV doses the toxicity declined. Considering the treatment of the mixture of ATZ, CBZ, DCL and TCS with a UV dose of 1200 mJ cm(-2) and 10 mg L-1 of H2O2 the acute toxicity results exhibits values for Daphnia magna immobilization equal to 20 and 42% evaluated after 24 and 48 h, respectively98109118sem informaçã
Factors influencing seed germination in Cerrado grasses
Get PDFFew studies address the ecology of herbs of Cerrado grasslands, which are ecosystems where the long dry season, high temperatures, insolation, fire and invasive grasses greatly influencing germination and the establishment of plants. We assessed germination of 13 species of Poaceae from Cerrado grasslands under nursery conditions or in germination chambers, the latter with i) recently collected seeds and seeds after six months storage, ii) under constant and alternating temperatures, and iii) in the presence and absence of light. Germinability, mean germination time (MGT) and required light were quantified to elucidate factors involved in successful germination. Germinability was low for most grasses, probably because of low seed viability. For most species, germinability and MGT were not altered by seed storage. Germination percentages were higher at alternating temperatures and in the presence of light, factors that are more similar to natural environmental situations compared with constant temperature or the absence of light. Our findings indicate that alternating temperatures and light incidence are key factors for germination of species of Poaceae. The maintenance of these environmental factors, which are crucial for the conservation of Cerrado grasslands, depends on appropriate management interventions, such as fire management and the control of biological invasion3018792CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO - CNPQ303402/2012-
Respiratory syncytial virus seasonality in Brazil: implications for the immunisation policy for at-risk populations
No full textRespiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection is the leading cause of hospitalisation for respiratory diseases among children under 5 years old. The aim of this study was to analyse RSV seasonality in the five distinct regions of Brazil using time series analysis (wavelet and Fourier series) of the following indicators: monthly positivity of the immunofluorescence reaction for RSV identified by virologic surveillance system, and rate of hospitalisations per bronchiolitis and pneumonia due to RSV in children under 5 years old (codes CID-10 J12.1, J20.5, J21.0 and J21.9). A total of 12,501 samples with 11.6% positivity for RSV (95% confidence interval 11 - 12.2), varying between 7.1 and 21.4% in the five Brazilian regions, was analysed. A strong trend for annual cycles with a stable stationary pattern in the five regions was identified through wavelet analysis of the indicators. The timing of RSV activity by Fourier analysis was similar between the two indicators analysed and showed regional differences. This study reinforces the importance of adjusting the immunisation period for high risk population with the monoclonal antibody palivizumab taking into account regional differences in seasonality of RSV1115294301sem informaçã
Science and religion in The strange case of dr. Jekyll and mr. Hyde, by R. L. Stevenson
No full textOrientador: Jefferson CanoDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da LinguagemResumo: A pesquisa aqui proposta pretende analisar a obra de Robert Louis Stevenson, The strange case of dr. Jekyll and mr. Hyde, a partir da presença da ciência e da religião como elementos estruturantes do conflito central do romance. O trabalho tem início com a análise da produção do autor no periódico The Cornhill Magazine, visando discutir sua maturidade autoral, que culmina na obra citada. Em seguida, considerando os trabalhos sobre a psique humana contemporâneos de Stevenson, discutem-se as relações entre o trabalho do autor e as teorias científicas do período que se encontram em artigos científicos publicados no mesmo periódico com o qual Stevenson colaborava. Por fim, o problema será abordado levando em consideração a formação calvinista do autor e a tradição literária que dialoga com as ideias religiosas por meio do tema do conhecimento proibido, proporcionado pela discussão sobre o limite do domínio da ciência no comportamento ético humano.Abstract: The research proposed here intends to analyze the work of Robert Louis Stevenson, The strange case of dr. Jekyll and mr. Hyde, by focusing on the presence of science and religion as structuring elements of the novel's central conflict. The study begins with the analysis of the author's production in the journal The Cornhill Magazine, aiming to discuss his authorial maturity, which culminates in the cited work. Then, considering the works on human psyche contemporaneous with Stevenson, we discuss the relationship between his production and the scientific theories of the period that are found in scientific articles published in the same journal which Stevenson collaborated with. Finally, the problem will be approached by taking into account the author's Calvinist background and the literary tradition that dialogue with religious ideas through the theme of forbidden knowledge, provided by the discussion about the limit of the domain of science in human ethical behaviour.MestradoHistória e Historiografia LiteráriaMestra em Teoria e História Literária2018/16464-0FAPES