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Poloxamer 407/188 binary thermosensitive hydrogels as delivery systems for infiltrative local anesthesia: physico-chemical characterization and pharmacological evaluation
No full textIn this study, we reported the development and the physico-chemical characterization of poloxamer 407 (PL407) and poloxamer 188 (PL188) binary systems as hydrogels for delivering ropivacaine (RVC), as drug model, and investigate their use in infiltrative local anesthesia for applications on the treatment of post-operative pain. We studied drug-micelle interaction and micellization process by light scattering and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), the sol-gel transition and hydrogel supramolecular structure by small-angle-X-ray scattering (SAXS) and morphological evaluation by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). In addition, we have presented the investigation of drug release mechanisms, in vitro/in vivo toxic and analgesic effects. Micellar dimensions evaluation showed the formation of PL407-PL188 mixed micelles and the drug incorporation, as well as the DSC studies showed increased enthalpy values for micelles formation after addition of PL 188 and RVC, indicating changes on self-assembly and the mixed micelles formation evoked by drug incorporation. SAXS studies revealed that the phase organization in hexagonal structure was not affected by RVC insertion into the hydrogels, maintaining their supramolecular structure. SEM analysis showed similar patterns after RVC addition. The RVC release followed the Higuchi model, modulated by the PL final concentration and the insertion of PL 188 into the system. Furthermore, the association PL407-PL188 induced lower in vitro cytotoxic effects, increased the duration of analgesia, in a single-dose model study, without evoking in vivo inflammation signs after local injection.68299307CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO - CNPQCOORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DE PESSOAL DE NÍVEL SUPERIOR - CAPESFUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO - FAPESP487619/2012-9; 309612/2013-6Sem informação2014/26200-9; 2014/14457-
A selective proton transfer optical sensor for copper II based on chelation enhancement quenching effect (CHEQ)
No full textA novel selective fluorescent sensor for Cu2+ in solution has been developed by means of chelation enhancement quenching effect (CHEQ). The compound N,N′-bis(salycilidene)-(2-(3′,4′-diaminophenyl)benzothiazole (BTS) is reactive to intramolecular proton transfer on the electronic excited state (ESIPT) presenting fluorescence emission in the blue region with very large Stokes shift (8794 cm−1). Spectroscopic titration experiments indicate that not only the fluorescence quenching but also of the ESIPT reaction allowed naked eye detection as a paper strip-based sensor. This chemosensor showed to be selective to Cu2+ among 13 other cations. The sensor:Cu2+ ratio was determined by both Job and Benesi-Hildebrand plots as 1:2. In addition, the binding between sensor and metal was investigated by 1H NMR, FTIR and HRMS in order to elucidate the formed complex and corroborate the results of BTS:Cu2+ ratio. The binding constant was also found as 3.0 × 1010 mol−2 L2 at 25 °C. The detection and quantification limits were also obtained as 32 ppb and 108 ppb, respectively181CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO - CNPQCOORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DE PESSOAL DE NÍVEL SUPERIOR - CAPESFUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO - FAPESPNão tem0012013/16245-2The authors are thankful for financial support and scholarships from
CNPq, CAPES - Financial Code 001, FAPESP 2013/16245-2, FAEPEX
and INE
Thoughts regarding the situation of the pediatric cardiovascular surgery in Brazil
Get PDFsem informação313IIII
Educational academics and intellectuals in the democratic reconstruction of Argentina discussions around a modern scientific program
Get PDFIn 1983, at the very end of the dictatorial period in Argentina, the reconstitution of the spaces in which knowledge was produced in education reopened interrupted debates on both modernization and the future of national education. The intention of consolidating a series of consensual processes aimed to strengthen the educational discourse and the state capacities. Through the analysis of documents and interventions produced by intellectuals, the positions of the educational academics in Argentina, in their struggle to re-establish a state expert layer, are discussed by exposing both the tensions and possibilities that they implied. The conclusions let us consider three major tensions: (i) the technical-bureaucratic and statistical weakness of the education system, (ii) the lack of cohesion of this professional space and (iii) the difficulty to establish a modern and scientific program that could reach the ways in which state decisions were made283199216No final da ditadura na Argentina, em 1983, a reconstituição dos espaços de produção de conhecimento em educação mereceu uma série de debates sobre a modernização interrompida e o futuro da educação nacional. Estava em disputa a intenção de consolidar consensos que fortalecessem o discurso e as capacidades educacionais do Estado. Ao analisar os documentos e intervenções intelectuais, discuto tanto as tensões quanto as possibilidades que se apresentam nos depoimentos dos acadêmicos da Educação na Argentina, na luta para o fortalecimento de uma burocracia estatal especializada. As conclusões permitem considerar três tensões: (i) a debilidade técnico-burocrática e estatística do sistema educativo; (ii) a falta de coesão deste espaço profissional; e (iii) a dificuldade para estabelecer um programa científico moderno, com acesso a posições de poder no Estad
Hematological disorders detected in dogs infected by Hepatozoon Canis in a municipality in Mato Grosso do Sul state, Brazil
Get PDFA retrospective review of hematological reports of nine dogs detected with Hepatozoon canis infection by microscopic examination of blood smears in a laboratory in the municipality of Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil was conducted. This study aimed to evaluate the hematological profile of these infected dogs, in addition to the occurrence of coinfections with other agents that infect blood cells, since studies concerning canine hepatozoonosis in Brazil are scarce and there are some divergences regarding H. canis infection that still require a resolution. The nine cases of H. canis infection were identified among all dogs examined at the studied laboratory in 2009 and 2010, with an occurrence of 7/1,192 ( 0.59%; 95% CI 0.15 - 1.02%) positive dogs in the first year and 2/1,313 ( 0.15%; 95% CI 0.02 - 0.55%) cases in 2010. The analysis of the hematological reports showed an occurrence of coinfection between H. canis and other agents in two ( 2/9; 22.22%; 95% CI 2.81 - 60.00%) dogs, one with E. canis and another with Babesia spp. ( 1/9; 11.11%; 95% CI 0.28 - 48.24%). Only the blood test of one dog had no alterations, based on reference values. Anemia was the most frequent hematological alteration ( 6/9; 66.67%; 95% CI 29.93 - 92.51%). Although the occurrence of H. canis infection was low, significative hematological alterations were observed in most infected dogs. Coinfection with Babesia spp. and E. canis was detected in two dogs and the hematological alterations cannot be attributed exclusively to H. canis in these animals. Longitudinal studies would be of fundamental importance to determine the causality of these alterations. These results highlight the importance of differential diagnosis in dogs when there is clinical suspicion of infection by hemoparasites, since the hematological changes in dogs infected by H. canis are quite variable6851187119
Spatial analysis of counting data with excess zeros applied to the study of Dengue incidence in Campinas, Sao Paulo state, Brazil
Get PDFA incidência de dengue ocorre predominantemente em áreas urbanas das cidades. Identificar o padrão de distribuição espacial da doença no nível local contribui na formulação de estratégias de controle e prevenção da doença. A análise espacial de dados de contagem para pequenas áreas comumente viola as suposições dos modelos tradicionais de Poisson, devido à quantidade excessiva de zeros. Neste estudo, comparou-se o desempenho de quatro modelos de contagem utilizados no mapeamento de doenças: Poisson, Binomial negativa, Poisson inflacionado de zeros e Binomial negativa inflacionado de zeros. Os métodos foram comparados em um estudo de simulação. Os modelos analisados no estudo de simulação foram aplicados em um estudo ecológico espacial, aos dados de dengue agregados por setores censitários, do Município de Campinas, São Paulo, Brasil, em 2007. A análise espacial foi conduzida por modelos hierárquicos bayesianos. O modelo de Poisson inflacionado de zeros apresentou melhor desempenho para estimar o risco relativo de incidência de dengue nos setores censitários328Dengue incidence occurs predominantly within city limits. Identifying spatial distribution of the disease at the local level helps formulate strategies to control and prevent the disease. Spatial analysis of counting data for small areas commonly violates the assumptions of traditional Poisson models due to the excessive amount of zeros. This study compared the performance of four counting models used in mapping diseases: Poisson, negative binomial, zero-inflated Poisson, and zero-inflated negative binomial. The methods were compared in a simulation study. The models analyzed in the simulation were applied to a spatial ecological study of dengue data aggregated by census tracts in the city of Campinas, São Paulo State, Brazil, 2007. Spatial analysis was conducted with Bayesian hierarchical models. The zero-inflated Poisson model showed the best performance for estimating relative risk of dengue incidence in the census tract
Intraguild predation Influences oviposition behavior of blow flies (diptera: Calliphoridae)
No full textThe objective of the present study was to determine whether blow flies (Diptera: Calliphoridae) are able to identify larvae of an intraguild predator species in the substrate and avoid laying eggs there. Blow flies oviposited in traps with different treatments: substrate only and substrate with larvae of Chrysomya albiceps (Wiedemann, 1819), Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius, 1794), or Chrysomya putoria (Wiedemann, 1830). Ch. megacephala, Ch. putoria, and Lucilia eximia (Wiedemann, 1819) avoided laying eggs in the trap containing Ch. albiceps larvae. Cochliomyia macellaria (Fabricius, 1775) did not oviposit differently in each substrate but had overall low abundance. The prevalence of species on corpses may be influenced by the ability of the species to detect the presence of other species, mainly predators. In this sense, intraguild predation may result in misinterpretations of a crime scene and should be considered when assessing the minimum postmortem interval115520972102FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO - FAPESP2012/02027-0; 2014/03310-3; 2006/55075-
A tectono-stratigraphic review of continental breakup on intraplate continental margins and its impact on resultant hydrocarbon systems
No full textIntraplate Continental Margins comprise fully rifted areas of continents and cratons recording the tectonic events associated with plate breakup and subsequent continental drift. In contrast to extensional basins, this tectonism post-dates the initial stages of continental rifting of tectonic plates and is specifically associated with the breakup and ‘drifting’ of continents. Seismic and outcrop data from eight (8) Intraplate Continental Margins are reviewed in this work and tectonic-subsidence models are compiled to highlight their large-scale structural and depositional variability. Specific geological aspects that enhance the hydrocarbon potential of Intraplate Continental margins include: a) syn-rift strata that are strikingly thicker, and presumed older, than previously assumed on vintage seismic profiles, b) an important control of basement type and fabric on tectonic subsidence and subsequent reactivation after continental breakup is achieved, and c) widespread extensional collapse accompanying the continental breakup process to generate a phase of important sediment bypass into relatively deeper, distal depocentres. There is evidence on seismic data that the continental breakup process per se overprints older syn-rift structures to create a complex mosaic of uplifting and subsiding basins that may not coincide in location and extent with early syn-rift depocentres. This character has the potential of generating vast amounts of reservoir strata during tectonically active periods, at the same time enhancing the influx of organic matter to basins distant from point-sources of sediment during continental breakup. As a corollary, a classification of breakup sequences is presented in this work and a new case-study from South California is developed to acknowledge the varied hydrocarbon-generating settings of Intraplate Continental Margins when continental breakup is established11
A time series mining approach for agricultural area detection
No full textAcquiring meaningful data to be employed in building training sets for classification models is a costly task, both in terms of difficult to find suitable samples as well as their quantity. In this sense, Active Learning (AL) improves the training set building by providing an efficient way to select only essential data to be attached to the training set, consequently reducing its size and even enhancing model's accuracy, when compared to random sample selection. In this paper, we proposed a framework for time series classification in order to monitor sugarcane area in São Paulo, Brazil. The AL approach consisted of selecting seasonal time series information from less than 1 percent of each class' pixels to build the training set and evaluate this selection by an expert user supported by distance measurements, repeating this process until both distance measurement thresholds were satisfied. In most years, the classification results presented about 90 percent of correlation with official estimates based on both traditional and satellite image analysis methods. This framework can then help Land Use Change (LUC) monitoring as it produced similar results compared to other methods that demands more human and financial resources to be adopted6353754
Corrosion susceptibility and functionally graded properties of Ti-35Nb-4Sn alloy processed by laser remelting
Get PDFThe effect of laser remelting on the corrosion susceptibility and mechanical properties of Ti-35Nb-4Sn (mass%) alloy is investigated across the remelted track profile. In comparison to the cold-rolled microstructure of base metal, recrystallization of heat affected zone (HAZ) improved plastic energy absorption and pitting corrosion resistance, by the reduction of active sites for pit nucleation. In fusion zone, however, passivation was compromised by the formation of dendritic microstructure with Sn enriched interdendritic region, where preferential pitting corrosion occurred. Fusion zone was the most anodic region and presented a corrosion potential difference of 35 mV, in comparison to the adjacent and most cathodic HAZ. Electrochemical impedance analysis showed that spontaneous passivation was most effective in base metal, that developed a thicker and more compact passive film. Local increase in elastic modulus and microhardness of fusion zone shows that laser remelting is a viable processing route for the manufacturing of biomaterials with functionally graded properties231COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DE PESSOAL DE NÍVEL SUPERIOR - CAPESFUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO - FAPESPnão tem2016/10637-