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Morphology, ultrastructure and phylogeny of Myxobolus curimatae n. sp. (Myxozoa: Myxosporea) a parasite of Prochilodus costatus (Teleostei: Prochilodontidae) from the São Francisco River, Brazil
No full textMyxobolus curimatae n. sp. has been found infecting the gill filaments of Prochilodus costatus (Prochilodontidae) from the Sao Francisco River in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The prevalence of the species was 18.7%. Mature spores were rounded from a frontal view, with elongated polar capsules of equal size, and had polar filaments with 9-10 turns. Ultrastructural analysis revealed that sporogenesis patterns followed those of other Myxobolus species. The plasmodium walls had numerous invaginations and protrusions, and few pinocytic channels. Numerous mitochondria, generative cells and young pansporoblasts were observed in the peripherical areas of the plasmodia, and mature spores were found in deeper layers. A layer of collagenic fibrils surrounded the plasmodia. The morphological data and molecular analysis of the 18S rDNA identified this parasite as a new species. The maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree showed M. curimatae n. sp., as a sister species of Thelohanellus marginatus, in a basal branch of the subclade composed by parasites with tropism to different organs and host families645362368COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DE PESSOAL DE NÍVEL SUPERIOR - CAPESFUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO - FAPESPsem informação2011/10738-
Downhill running-based overtraining protocol improves hepatic insulin signaling pathway without concomitant decrease of inflammatory proteins
No full textThe purpose of this study was to verify the effects of overtraining (OT) on insulin, inflammatory and gluconeogenesis signaling pathways in the livers of mice. Rodents were divided into control (CT), overtrained by downhill running (OTR/down), overtrained by uphill running (OTR/up) and overtrained by running without inclination (OTR). Rotarod, incremental load, exhaustive and grip force tests were used to evaluate performance. Thirty-six hours after a grip force test, the livers were extracted for subsequent protein analyses. The phosphorylation of insulin receptor beta (pIRbeta), glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (pGSK3beta) and forkhead box O1 (pFoxo1) increased in OTR/down versus CT. pGSK3beta was higher in OTR/up versus CT, and pFoxo1 was higher in OTR/up and OTR versus CT. Phosphorylation of protein kinase B (pAkt) and insulin receptor substrate 1 (pIRS-1) were higher in OTR/up versus CT and OTR/down. The phosphorylation of I kappa B kinase alpha and beta (pIK-Kalpha/beta) was higher in all OT protocols versus CT, and the phosphorylation of stress-activated protein kinases/Jun amino-terminal kinases (pSAPK-JNK) was higher in OTR/ down versus CT. Protein levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator 1alpha (PGC-1alpha) and hepatocyte nuclear factor 4alpha (HNF-4alpha) were higher in OTR versus CT. In summary, OTR/down improved the major proteins of insulin signaling pathway but up-regulated TRB3, an Akt inhibitor, and its association with Akt1010FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO - FAPESP2013/20591-3; 2014/25459-9; 2013/22737-5; 2013/19985-
Potential of the rail-road intermodality in mitigating CO2 emissions : the case of São Paulo state's cargo transport sector
No full textOrientador: Andre Felipe SimõesTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia MecanicaResumo: O presente Estudo possui como objetivo principal realizar uma análise quantitativa dos impactos sobre o consumo de combustíveis e das emissões de CO2 de medidas de eficiência energética e aumento no uso de biocombustíveis para o setor de transportes rodoviário brasileiro de passageiros (veículos leves, motocicletas e ônibus) - de forma isolada e conjunta - entre os anos 2010 a 2030. Concomitantemente, visa oferecer uma "cesta" de opções para os tomadores de decisões (esferas políticas) para o setor de transportes brasileiro de passageiros nas áreas de eficiência energética, combustíveis alternativos e medidas de gestão da demanda. A citada "cesta" de opções envolve aspectos qualitativos e quantitativos dessas medidas de mitigação. Para se atingir o objetivo proposto realizou-se uma análise do potencial técnico-econômico de tecnologias relacionadas à mitigação do consumo de combustíveis e das emissões de CO2, no horizonte de tempo 2010 a 2030. Já a metodologia utilizada na análise quantitativa estima a frota de veículos circulantes no Brasil, o consumo de combustíveis e as emissões de CO2 do setor de transportes rodoviário de passageiros adotando uma abordagem bottom-up. Adotou-se, como premissa, que o ano de início da implementação das medidas mitigatórios para os Cenários Alternativos seria 2015. Foi criado um Cenário Tendencial (denominado BAU - Business-as-Usual) e mais 3 grupos de cenários alternativos - modelados com diferentes padrões de aumento de eficiência energética e/ou uso de biocombustíveis (etanol anidro, etanol hidratado e biodiesel), incluindo a conversão da frota de ônibus a óleo Diesel para etanol aditivado. De acordo com os resultados apresentados pelas projeções desse Estudo, mantidas as tendências atuais até o ano de 2030, o crescimento projetado das emissões de CO2 no Cenário BAU, entre os anos de 2010 e 2030, foi de expressivos 120%. Contudo, os resultados das simulações, revelam possibilidades de mitigações das emissões de CO2 entre 5% a 48% para o caso dos cenários propostos, em relação ao Cenário BAU. Os resultados do presente Trabalho permitem intuir que as atuais políticas para promoção do uso de biocombustíveis de primeira geração no Brasil, combinadas com programas de eficiência energética veicular, incluindo hibridização, formam uma estratégia robusta de mitigação. Tais estratégias se mostram factíveis às questões envolvendo a problemática e tênue relação entre ("produção" e uso de) energia e meio ambiente, principalmente no que se refere ao uso do solo (desmatamentos e produção de alimentos). Apesar de não ter sido quantificado, em virtude das limitações do modelo escolhido, medidas de gerenciamento da demanda por transporte devem fazer parte das políticas públicas na área de transporte, pois o potencial de mitigação dessas medidas, conforme os exemplos analisados são substanciaisAbstract: The present thesis has, as the mains goal, to provide a quantitative analysis of the impacts on fuel consumption and CO2 emissions of energy efficiency measures and increased use of biofuels for the Brazilian road transport passenger sector (light vehicles, motorcycles and buses) - separately and together - between the years 2010 and 2030. Concomitantly, it aims to provide a "basket" of options to policymakers in the areas of energy efficiency, alternative fuels and demand management measures. The aforementioned "basket" of options involves qualitative and quantitative aspects of these mitigation measures. To achieve the proposed objectives, it was performed an analysis of the technical and economic potential for the mitigation technologies related to fuel consumption and CO2 emissions, considering the timeline from 2010 to 2030. It's opportune to mention that the methodology used in the quantitative analysis estimates the fleet of vehicles circulating in Brazil, fuel consumption and CO2 emissions from the transportation sector by road by adopting a bottom-up approach, as recommended by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change - IPCC The results of this work indicate that current policies for promoting the use of first generation biofuels in Brazil, combined with vehicular energy efficiency programs, including hybridization, form a robust mitigation strategy. Such strategies appeared feasible to issues involving the problematic and tenuous relationship between ("production" and use of) energy and the environment, particularly with regard to land use (deforestation and food production, mainly). Despite not being quantified, due to limitations of the choose model, demand management measures should be part of public policies in the area of transportation. After all, the potential for mitigation measures, such as the analyzed examples, are substantial. In fact, the results of the simulations reveal possibilities of CO2 emission mitigation among 5% to 48% for the case of the proposed sceneries, in relation to the business as usual scenarioDoutoradoPlanejamento de Sistemas EnergéticosDoutor em Planejamento de Sistemas Energético
Simulation of transient gas-liquid flow with phase change
No full textOrientador: Eugênio Spanó RosaTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências MédicasResumo: O presente trabalho propõe um simulador de escoamento gás-líquido transiente unidimensional com mudança de fase, utilizando-se de um método de diferenças finitas compacto de sexta ordem. O desenvolvimento iniciou-se a partir de casos mais simples, aumentando-se gradativamente a complexidade do simulador. Primeiramente, desenvolveu-se um simulador para escoamento de um gás ideal. Em seguida, expandiu-se o simulador para abranger escoamentos gás-líquido sem mudança de fase e então finalmente obteve-se o simulador final, capaz de simular escoamentos gás-líquido com mudança de fase. Em todas as etapas, o simulador foi validado contra dados da literatura, de natureza experimental ou numérica. Os casos teste foram selecionados de forma a validar o presente simulador em uma grande variedade de situações, includindo, em diferentes casos: escoamentos puramente verticais, puramente horizontais, com transição de horizontal para vertical, com área variável e com transição de de escoamento monofásico para gás-líquido. Termos difusivos artificiais foram empregados nos três simuladores, a fim de diminuir oscilações espúrias nas redondezas de descontinuidades. O simulador final obtido é baseado no Modelo de Equilíbrio Homogêneo, uma vez que assume-se que as fases estão em equilíbrio termodinâmico, porém, difere-se deste uma vez que o presente simulador assume que as velocidades das fases podem diferir entre si, empregando o modelo de deslizamento para relacioná-las. As principais contribuições deste trabalho incluem: novos termos difusivos artificiais para escoamento bifásico, introdução de deslizamento entre as fases no Modelo de Equilíbrio e obtenção de perfis de variáveis, como fração de vazio, pressão e velocidades, tanto no tempo como no espaçoAbstract: The present work proposes a simulator for transient, one-dimensional gas-liquid flow with phase change, employing a sixth order compact finite differences scheme. Development began on simpler cases, with the complexity of the simulator gradually increasing. Initially, a simulator for ideal gas flow was developed. Following that, the simulator was expanded to account for gas-liquid flow with no phase change and then finally the final simulator was developed, capable of simulating gas-liquid flows with phase change. In all steps, the simulator was validated against cases from the literature, both numerical and experimental. Test cases were selected to validate the present simulator in a wide variety of situations, including, in different simulations: purely vertical flow, purely horizontal flow, transition from horizontal flow to vertical flow, flow with cross-sectional area change and transition from single-phase flow into gas-liquid flow. Artificial diffusivity terms were employed in the three simulators, in order to dampen spurious oscillations near discontinuities. The final simulator obtained is based on the Homogeneous Equilibrium Model (HEM), as it assumes the two phases are in thermodynamic equilibrium, but differs from the HEM in that the two phases may have different velocities, linked to each other via the drift-flux model. The main contributions of this work include: new diffusivity terms for two-phase flow, introducing drift between the two phases in the Equilibrium Model and obtaining profiles for variables, such as void fraction, pressure and velocity, both in time and spaceDoutoradoTérmica e FluídosDoutor em Engenharia Mecânica88882.435192/2019-012017/00450-7CAPESFUNCAM
Design of quality indicators for oral nutritional therapy
No full textQuality indicators in nutritional therapy (NT) have been proposed as useful tools to improve clinical NT. This study was conducted to develop feasible quality indicators in oral nutritional therapy (QIONTs) to aid quality control. A Clinical Nutrition Task Force composed of Brazilian NT experts from the International Life Science Institute (ILSI) developed QIONTs. In an internet-based psychometric survey, 40 independent Brazilian NT practitioners assessed four attributes (simplicity, utility, objectivity, and low cost) of each QIONT using a five-point Likert scale. Independent NT experts consistently classified all 12 QIONTs developed by the ILSI team as good (mean Cronbach's alpha = 0.84). In ranked order, the QIONTs enable assessment of the frequency of nutritional screening, oral nutritional supplementation (ONS) prescription to malnourished patients receiving an oral diet, ONS prescription to patients receiving an oral diet but at risk of malnutrition, nutritional assessment, adhesion to ONS regime, hospitalized patients with insufficient oral dietary intake and ONS prescription, ICU patients with insufficient oral dietary intake and ONS prescription, oral intake assessment in ICU patients, oral intake assessment in ward patients, oral supplement volume intolerance due to inappropriate offering time, ONS flavor intolerance, and ONS volume intolerance. Twelve potentially feasible new QIONTs were developed and approved for clinical practice by experts3162692269
Anticaries potential of products for professional topical fluoride application
No full textOrientador: Livia Maria Andalo TenutaTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de PiracicabaResumo: O efeito anticárie da aplicação tópica profissional de fluoreto (ATPF) tem sido associado à formação do mineral tipo fluoreto de cálcio...Observação: O resumo, na íntegra, poderá ser visualizado no texto completo da tese digitalAbstract: The anticaries effect of professional topical fluoride application (PTFA) has been associated with the formation of a calcium fluoride-like mineral...Note: The complete abstract is available with the full electronic documentDoutoradoOdontopediatriaDoutor em Odontologi
Effect that elapsed time of antioxidant gel onto the bond strenght to bleached enamel
No full textOrientador: Giselle Maria Marchi BaronTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de PiracicabaResumo: O objetivo deste estudo in vitro foi avaliar o efeito do tempo de aplicação de gel de ascorbil a 3% (AE) sobre a resistência de união ao esmalte bovino tratado previamente com peróxido de carbamida a 10% (PC), estabelecendo o padrão de fratura através de microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV). Sessenta incisivos bovinos foram selecionados, limpos e armazenados em solução salina de timol a 0,1%. Sessenta fragmentos de 25mm2 foram obtidos da superfície vestibular, utilizando-se discos diamantados de dupla-face, em baixa rotação, sob constante irrigação. Os fragmentos foram cobertos com fina camada de cera 7 e embebidos em cilíndro por resina autopolimerizável de poliestireno. Posteriormente, foram divididos aleatoriamente em seis grupos, sendo dois controles: GS (saliva, durante todo o experimento) e GP (PC, por seis horas, durante 14 dias) e quatro experimentais, que após a utilização diária do PC, foram submetidos à aplicação de gel antioxidante por 15, 30, 60 ou 120 minutos, respectivamente (GPA15, GPA30, GPA60 e GPA120). Imediatamente após o tratamento, os fragmentos foram condicionados com ácido fosfórico a 37% (Dentsply) e restaurados com sistema adesivo Adper Single Bond (3M-ESPE) e três incrementos horizontais de resina TPH (Dentsply). Finalizado o tratamento restaurador, os fragmentos foram preparados para o ensaio de microtração. Cortes seriados foram realizados em cada amostra para obtenção de duas fatias centralizadas de, aproximadamente, 1mm de espessura. Posteriormente, com auxílio de uma broca 1093FF, foi confeccionado em cada fatia, uma constrição, com área adesiva de, aproximadamente, 1mm2, em forma de ampulheta. Os testes de microtração foram realizados em máquina de ensaio EMIC, com velocidade de 0,5mm/min. A ANOVA e o Teste de Dunnet indicaram haver diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os grupos testados. Comparando-se o controle positivo (GS) com os demais, verificou-se que apenas o controle negativo (GP) diferiu estatisticamente. Quando se comparou o GP com os outros grupos, foi observada diferença estatística com o GS e o GPA120. Para comparação apenas entre os grupos experimentais (GPA15, GPA30, GPA60 e GPA120), foi aplicado o teste ANOVA e análise de regressão polinomial, que revelaram não haver diferença estatisticamente significativa para o fator tempo, de forma isolada. Foi detectada, através de observações em microscopia eletrônica de varredura, presença de pequenas bolhas no grupo clareado. Os padrões de fratura demonstraram maior número de falhas mistas, para todos os grupos testados. O gel de ascorbil a 3%, aplicado no tempo de duas horas, parece ser o mais indicado, para recuperar os valores de resistência de união ao esmalte clareado com peróxido de carbamida a 10%Abstract: The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect that elapsed time (15 min, 30 min, 1 hour e 2 hours) of a 3% ascorbil gel (AE) onto the bond strength to bovine enamel previously treated with carbamide peroxide at 10%, defining the fracture pattern through electronic scanning microscopy. Sixty bovine incisors were selected, cleaned, and stored in saline solution of timol at 0.1%. Sixty fragments of 25mm2 were obtained by the use of double-face diamond discs, in low rotation, under constant irrigation, perpendicularly to buccal surfaces. The fragments were relieved with a thin layer of wax n° 7 and steep in a cylinder by a self-curing polyester resin. Afterwards, they were random divided into six groups according to the type of treatment to be employed (GS- Positive Control- Saliva, during experiment; GP- Negative Control- PC, 14 days/6hours, GPA15- PC, 14days/6hours + AE, 15 min; GPA30- PC, 14days/6hours + AE, 30 min; GPA60-PC, 14days/6hours + AE, 1 hour; GPA120- PC, 14days/6hours + AE, 2 hours). After treatments, the groups were etched with fosforic acid 35% (Dentsply) and restored with adhesive system Adaper Single Bond (3M-ESPE) and three horizontal increments of resin TPH (Dentsply). Concluded the restorative treatment, the fragments were immediately prepared for microtensile procedure. Serial cuts were performed in each sample to obtain two centralized slices 1mm thick. Afterwards, using a 1093 FF drill, an hourglass was done in each slice, with adhesive area of approximately 1mm2. The microtensile tests were performed in an mechanical test machine, at 0.5 mm/min speed. ANOVA and Dunnett test indicated that there was statistical difference between groups tested. When compared positive control group (GS) with the other groups, it was observed that only the negative control group (GP) was statistically different. These results were confirmed, when the negative control group was compared with others, in which it was observed statistic diference to GS and GPA120. When the experimental groups were compared though regressive polinominal analise it was not found statistical difference only to the time factor. On Electronic Scanning Microscopy observations, were detected the presence of bubbles of the bleached group. The fracture standards demonstrated higher number of mixed failures to all the groups. The 3% ascorbil gel (AE) used for two hours seems to be the most recommended to reverse the strength to bleached enamel with carbamide peroxide 10%DoutoradoDentísticaDoutor em Clínica Odontológic
A fluid inclusion and stable isotope (O, H, S and C) study of the Archean IOCG Cristalino deposit, Carajás mineral Province, Brazil : implications to ore genesis
No full textThe hydrothermal history of the Archean Cu-Au Cristalino deposit is recorded in moderately to intensely altered host rocks, which evolved from ~550 °C to ~150 °C. Distal sodic and proximal calcic-ferric, potassic and propylitic alterations developed successively with variable intensity. Two main mineralization types are also recognized: an earlier one characterized by a chalcopyrite + pyrite + magnetite + Au association that occurs as disseminations and breccias in calcic-ferric zones, and a later one represented by a chalcopyrite ± pyrite ± hematite ± Au association that occurs as breccias and veins mainly in potassic and propylitic zones. Estimated pressures (0.6 to 2.6 Kbar) are consonant with brittle and ductile-brittle deformational environments where both alteration and mineralization took place. The ore-bearing fluid was hot (T as high as ~550 °C), acidic and hypersaline (55.1% wt. NaCl equiv.) and chemically approached by the H2O-NaCl-CaCl2-CO2 ± MgCl2 ± FeCl2 system. Salinity might have exceeded 55 wt% NaCl equiv. in the early alteration stages but decreased progressively to 7.9 wt% NaCl equiv. from 250 °C onwards, due to incursion of surficial water into the deposit site. The fluid was initially 18O-enriched and D-depleted (δ18Ov-smow = +9.73 to +6.48‰; δDv-smow = −30.17 to −40.25‰) and most likely derived from magmatic sources. As result of dilution caused by mixing with meteoric water, the fluid became relatively 18O-depleted and D-enriched (δ18Ov-smow = +5.57 to −0.28‰; δDv-smow = −19.15 to −22.24‰). The δ13Cv-pdb values for vein and breccia calcite (−6.5 to −3.8‰) are consistent with a deep source for CO2, likely of mantellic origin. Most δ34Sv-cdt values for chalcopyrite show narrow variation (+1.6 to +3.5‰) and could indicate a homogeneous reservoir for sulfur. However, a few samples reveal significant influence of sedimentary rocks on their isotope composition (δ34Sv-cdt = −32.6‰), showing that sulfur may have been sourced from various reservoirs. It is inferred that most Cu and Au were transported as chloride complexes (>350 °C), and precipitated in response to decrease in temperature and Cl− activity, and increase in pH. The formation of the chalcopyrite ± pyrite ± hematite ± Au association was especially favored by an oxygen fugacity increase during the late stages of the hydrothermal alteration. Secondary fluid inclusions reveal that an aqueous, colder (200–150 °C) and relatively less saline (21–3.1 wt% NaCl equiv.) fluid of uncertain origin circulated in the Cristalino deposit area, which is likely related to a nearby Paleoproterozoic granitic intrusion. In comparison with other Archean Carajás IOCG deposits, particularly those that lie in the southern sector of the Carajás Domain, the Cristalino deposit shows similar structural styles, hydrothermal assemblages, and ore fluid composition and evolution. The data presented here support previous interpretations that consider Cristalino as of IOCG typology127CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO - CNPQNão te
Aplicação de metodos quimiometricos de primeira e segunda ordem na determinação direta de farmacos por espectroscopia molecular
No full textOrientador : Ronei Jesus PoppiTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de QuimicaDoutorad
Competitive fixed -bed biosorption of Ag(I) and Cu(II) ions on sargassum fi lipendula seaweed waste
No full textThe dynamic biosorption of multi-metal samples of copper and silver ions was studied in a fixed-bed column employing an alternative biosorbent derived from brown seaweed. Three sets of assays were performed to investigate (1) the effects of the inlet flow rate and (2) the feed composition of the samples and (3) the selective-ion desorption and regeneration of the bed. The greater biosorption capacities (0.642 and 0.387 mmol.g-1 for Cu2+ and Ag+) and removal rates (79.47 and 55.37%) were obtained in the lowest flow (0.5 mL.min-1). The higher residence time is believed to be associated with more favorable mass transfer rates. Silver breakthrough curves evidenced the overshoot effect, which demonstrated to be directly proportional to copper inlet concentration due to the higher affinity for Cu2+ cations. The statistical analysis revealed that the initial concentration of the competitive metal is directly proportional to the biosorption capacity and inversely proportional to the breakthrough time. The height of the mass transfer zone was not statistically influenced by the feed composition in this study. High recovery rates of copper (99.8%) and silver (90.7%) were achieved with Na2-EDTA and HNO3 in selective desorption operation, respectively. A second biosorption cycle exhibited a considerable loss in biosorption capacity up to a breakthrough point36COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DE PESSOAL DE NÍVEL SUPERIOR - CAPESFUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO - FAPESP2018/17769052017/18236-