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Ulcer healing and mechanism(s) of action involved in the gastroprotective activity of fractions obtained from Syngonanthus arthrotrichus and Syngonanthus bisulcatus
No full textSyngonanthus arthrotrichus and Syngonanthus bisulcatus, currently known for Comanthera aciphylla (Bong.) L.R.Parra & Giul. and Comanthera bisulcata (Koern.) L.R. Parra & Giul, popularly known in Brazil as “sempre-vivas,” are plants from the family Eriocaulaceae. They are found in the states of Minas Gerais and Bahia. The species are known to be rich in flavonoids to which their gastroprotective activity has been attributed. In this research, experimental protocols were performed to elucidate the associated mechanisms of action. The activity was evaluated using induced gastric ulcer models (acetic acid and ethanol-induced gastric lesions in NEM or L-NAME pre-treated mice, and by ischemia/reperfusion). Antioxidant enzymes, serum somatostatin, and gastrin were also evaluated. In chronic gastric ulcers, a single daily oral dose of Sa-FRF or Sb-FRF (100 mg/kg body wt.) for 14 consecutive days accelerated ulcer healing to an extent similar to that seen with an equal dose of cimetidine. The pre-treatment of mice with NEM (N-ethylmaleimide) or L-NAME (N-nitro-L-arginine) abolished the protective activity of Sa-FRF, Sa-FDF, Sb-FDF and Sb-FRF or Sa-FRF and Sb-FRF, respectively, which indicates that antioxidant compounds and nitric oxide synthase activity are involved in the gastroprotective. Sa-FRF and Sb-FRF (100 mg/kg p.o) protected the gastric mucosa against ulceration that was induced by ischemia/reperfusion (72 and 76 %, respectively). It also decreased lipid peroxidation and restored total thiols in the gastric wall of mice that had been treated with ethanol. When administered to rats submitted to ethanol-induced gastric lesions, Sa-FRF and Sb-FRF (100 mg/kg, p.o.) increased the somatostatin serum levels, while the gastrin serum levels were proportionally decreased. The results indicate significant healing effects and gastroprotective activity for the Sa-FRF and Sb-FRF, which probably involves the participation of SH groups, nitric oxide (NO), the antioxidant system, somatostatin, and gastrin. All are integral parts of the gastrointestinal mucosa’s cytoprotective mechanisms against aggressive factors15COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DE PESSOAL DE NÍVEL SUPERIOR - CAPESFUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO - FAPESPNão temNão te
Transanal minimally invasive surgery (TAMIS) to treat vesicorectal fistula: a new approach
No full textVesicorectal fistula is one of the most devastating postoperative complications after radical prostatectomy. Definitive treatment is difficult due to morbidity and recurrence. Despite many options, there is not an unanimous accepted approach. This article aimed to report a new minimally invasive approach as an option to reconstructive surgery. Materials and Methods: We report on Transanal Minimally Invasive Surgery (TAMIS) with miniLap devices for instrumentation in a 65 year old patient presenting with vesicorectal fistula after radical prostatectomy. We used Alexis® device for transanal access and 3, 5 and 11 mm triangulated ports for the procedure. The surgical steps were as follows: cystoscopy and implant of guide wire through fistula; patient at jack-knife position; transanal access; Identification of the fistula; dissection; vesical wall closure; injection of fibrin glue in defect; rectal wall closure. Results: The operative time was 240 minutes, with 120 minutes for reconstruction. No perioperative complications or conversion were observed. Hospital stay was two days and catheters were removed at four weeks. No recurrence was observed. Conclusions: This approach has low morbidity and is feasible. The main difficulties consisted in maintaining luminal dilation, instrumental manipulation and suturing4151020102
Expression of active BCR related (ABR) gene in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) real-time RT-PCR (qPCR)
No full textOrientadores: Fernando Lopes Alberto, Fernando Ferreira CostaDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências MédicasResumo: Leucemia mielóide crônica (LMC) é uma doença mieloproliferativa crônica resultante de alteração citogenética t(9;22) (q34; q11) que acarreta atividade constitutiva de tirosino-quinase por meio da proteína quimérica BCR-ABL. Esta alteração ocorre nas células precursoras hematopoéticas e pode ser detectada em todas as células descendentes. O mesilato de imatinibe (Glivec®) é um inibidor do receptor do fator de crescimento derivado de plaquetas (PDGF-R), proteína quinase do BCR-ABL, administrado com sucesso a pacientes portadores de LMC. Porém, algumas formas de resistência ao tratamento têm sido apontadas, e as mais conhecidas envolvem o surgimento de mutações no domínio com atividade de quinase da proteína BCR-ABL. Entretanto, parece claro que o surgimento mutações adquiridas que acarretem ganho de função não é capaz de explicar todos os casos de resistência e que outros sistemas gênicos podem estar envolvidos neste fenótipo adverso. O gene ABR possui grande homologia com o gene BCR e aparentemente apresenta funções características e outras compartilhadas com esse último. Neste trabalho, avaliamos a expressão do gene ABR em amostras de medula óssea e sangue periférico de pacientes portadores de LMC em fase crônica ao diagnóstico e em pacientes que receberam transplante alogênico de medula óssea, utilizando a técnica de RT-PCR quantitativo em tempo real (qPCR). ABR apresentou notável aumento de expressão relativa a indivíduos normais (mediana = 5,483) em 8 de 9 pacientes de LMC avaliados em fase crônica ao diagnóstico, de acordo com o teste Wilcoxon signed rank (p-valor = 0,01563), o que se correlaciona com resultados anteriores de nosso grupo (Alberto e Costa, 2003). Diminuição nos níveis de expressão do ABR parece correlacionar-se com o status de remissão dos pacientes analisados, conforme avaliado pela expressão do transcrito BCR-ABL por PCR quantitativo em tempo real, o que pode ser confirmado nos pacientes em remissão molecular ao transplante alogênico de medula óssea. Estes dados poderiam sugerir uma possível importância do gene ABR durante a evolução da doença. A expressão do gene ABR foi normalizada com os dois genes controle com melhor desempenho, ACTB e GAPD, utilizando-se o algoritmo geNorm. As eficiências de amplificação das reações de qPCR foram avaliadas e resultaram em valores semelhantes e próximos a 100%. Sensibilidade analítica da reação de qPCR resultou em uma detecção mínima de 1, 12, 10 e 9 moléculas, respectivamente, para ABR, BCR, ACTB e GAPD. O método mostrou-se útil para medida precisa dos níveis de expressão gênica, e adequada para estudar a relevância de sinais biológicos de pequena intensidadeAbstract: Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a clonal proliferative disorder of the hematopoietic stem cell cytogenetically characterized by the Philadelphia (Ph) chromosome, a result of chromosomal translocation t(9;22)(q34;q11). At molecular level, the Ph chromosome results in a fusion gene, the chimerical BCR-ABL which has constitutive tyrosine kinase activity and is detected in virtually all cases at diagnosis. Indeed, the BCR-ABL gene expression has a pivotal role in the known pathogenetic mechanisms in CML cell proliferation and disease progression. Conversely, BCR-ABL inhibition with imatinib mesilate (Glivec®) efficiently produces disease remission, since it is capable of selectively block the protein through occupying its ATP binding site. However, resistance to imatinib mesilate do occur and, although acquired mutations in the tyrosine kinase domain of BCR-ABL have been described, it seems that the appearance of acquired mutations, which result in gain of function, does not suffice for the resistant phenotype. Active BCR Related (ABR) gene is similar to BCR and both have a GTPase-activating protein (GAP) domain. Increased ABR activity has been detected in different solid tumors and more recently we detected over-expression of ABR in CML cDNA (EST) library. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression levels of the ABR gene in peripheral blood and bone marrow samples of CML patients in chronic phase (CP) at diagnosis and in patients who had received bone marrow transplantation (BMT) and achieved remission by using real-time quantitative RT-PCR (qPCR). ABR gene was expressed in higher levels in 8 of 9 samples derived from CP patients evaluated at diagnosis (median fold change = 5.483) when compared to a pool of healthy subjects, according to Wilcoxon signed rank test (p-value = 0.01563), what correlates with our previous results (Alberto & Costa, 2003). These data could suggest a possible regulatory function of ABR gene on disease evolution. In all cases, qPCR efficiency ranged above 98%. ABR gene expression was normalized with the best performing control genes, ACTB and GAPD (geometric mean; geNorm algorithm). Reduction of ABR gene expression was apparently correlated with the remission status of the patients evaluated an observation that was further confirmed in patients in molecular remission after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. Analytical sensitivity in GeneAmp 5700 Sequence Detector System was tested by amplification with ABR, BCR, ACTB e GAPD primers and resulted in minimal detection of de 1, 12, 10 e 9 molecules, respectively. The normalization strategy adopted in this work was helpful for accurate qPCR profiling, and is especially suitable for studying the relevance of biological signals of low intensitiesMestradoCiências BiomédicasMestre em Ciências Médica
Fruit as diagnostic characteristic to recognize Brazilian species of Zornia (Leguminosae, Papilionoideae)
No full textArticles of the lomentaceous fruits encountered in the thirty-six species of Brazilian Zornia species are described, illustrated and compared using scanning electron microscopy and stereomicroscopy. Macro-and micro-morphological characters of the fruit articles provide excellent diagnostic taxonomic characters (including fruit shape, fruit article surface, presence/absence of glands, presence/absence of bristles, and presence/absence of hairs) to distinguish among the Brazilian taxa. Results generally support the species recognised for Brazil although the micro-morphological characters have limited taxonomic value within some species complexes, in which taxa can be better differentiated using other morphological characteristics. The results of macro-morphological analyses show that the morphology of fruit articles is related to the geographical distribution pattern of each species and is a good source of morphological character to distinguish the species of Zornia. We present here an inedit identification key, based on the loment morphology, to distinguish the Brazilian species of Zornia21912742CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO - CNPQFUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO - FAPESP141324/2005-806/61648-
Clinical study of Maggot therapy for Fournier's gangrene
No full textFournier's Gangrene is a fulminating necrotizing fasciitis of the perineum and genitalia. Standard treatment involves immediate excision of all necrotic tissue, aggressive antibiotic coverage, and supportive medical care. Still, the infection is commonly fatal or disfiguring. Wound treatment with disinfected blowfly larvae (maggot debridement therapy or MDT) has been shown to be highly effective, with multiple studies demonstrating effective debridement, disinfection, and promotion of granulation tissue. MDT also has been associated with preservation of viable tissue and minimised blood loss. This report describes a prospective clinical study of MDT for Fournier's gangrene aimed to test the hypothesis that early use of maggots could decrease the number of surgical treatments required to treat Fournier's gangrene. Subjects were provided with one initial surgical excision, followed by debridement using only medical grade Lucilia sericata larvae. Only two subjects were enrolled, both diabetic men. Intensive care and culture‐directed antimicrobial coverage were administered as usual. Maggot debridement was associated with the disappearance of necrotic tissue, control of infection and granulation tissue growth. In both subjects, wounds healed without requiring further surgical resection or anatomical reconstruction. Maggot therapy decreased the number of surgical procedures that otherwise would have been necessary, and led to favourable outcome17616421649The authors express their appreciation to the Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT‐Mexico) for the financial scholarship that was provided towards the doctoral degree of the first author. This study was conducted as part of that doctoral wor
Comparison of physical performance among Brazilian elite soccer players of different age-categories
No full textThe purpose of this study was to compare the physical performance (i.e., strength, power, speed and endurance) between Brazilian elite soccer players from different categories of the same club: professionals (PRO), under-20 (U-20), and under-17 (U-17). METHODS: Seventy-one soccer players from three categories (PRO=24; U-20=21 and U-17=26) were assessed at the beginning of pre-season. Before the tests, they were familiarized with all experimental procedures. Squat jump (SJ), countermovement jump (CMJ), sprint (10 m/20 m), maximum dynamic strength (1RM), and Yo-Yo intermittent recovery tests level 1 were performed in three non-consecutive sessions. RESULTS: No significant differences were found between the categories for sprint times. The PRO players presented higher outcomes in the 1RM, SJ, CMJ, and Yo-Yo tests than the U-20 and U-17 players (P≤0.05). No significant differences were found between the U-20 and U-17 players in 1RM, and SJ/CMJ heights. The U-20 presented superior performance than the U-17 in the Yo-Yo test (P≤0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The findings indicated that PRO performed better than younger players in all assessments, except for the sprint tests. This may have been possible due to the differences in training experience, technical expertise and individual levels of strength/power. However, the absence of differences between the U-20 and U-17 groups highlighted the necessity of developing specific training strategies in order to improve the physical capacities of younger players, throughout the maturation process. Moreover, due to the importance of sprinting in soccer, it is strongly recommended that fitness coaches develop more effective strategies to improve speed ability in professional players56437638
4-Nitrobenzyl 3,4-bis(acetyloxy)-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate : crystal structure, Hirshfeld surface analysis and computational chemistry
No full textThe title compound, C23H24N2O9, is a tetra-substituted pyrrolidine derivative with a twisted conformation, with the twist evident in the C—C bond bearing the adjacent acetyloxy substituents. These are flanked on one side by a C-bound 4-methoxyphenyl group and on the other by a methylene group. The almost sp2-N atom [sum of angles = 357°] bears a 4-nitrobenzyloxycarbonyl substituent. In the crystal, ring-methylene-C—H⋯O(acetyloxy-carbonyl) and methylene-C—H⋯O(carbonyl) interactions lead to supramolecular layers lying parallel to ([\overline{1}]01); the layers stack without directional interactions between them. The analysis of the calculated Hirshfeld surfaces indicates the combined importance of H⋯H (42.3%), H⋯O/O⋯H (37.3%) and H⋯C/C⋯H (14.9%) surface contacts. Further, the interaction energies, largely dominated by the dispersive term, point to the stabilizing influence of H⋯H and O⋯O contacts in the inter-layer region76710801086CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO - CNPQCOORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DE PESSOAL DE NÍVEL SUPERIOR - CAPES312210/2019–1; 433957/2018–2; 406273/2015–4; 303207/2017–5001The Brazilian agencies Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel, CAPES, Finance Code 001 and the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) are acknowledged for grant Nos. 312210/2019–1, 433957/2018–2 and 406273/2015–4 to IC, for a fellowship 303207/2017–5 to JZS and a scholarship to SDP. Sunway University Sdn Bhd is also thanked for funding (grant No. STR-RCTR-RCCM-001–2019
Influence of different adhesive protocols on ceramic bond strength and degree of conversion of resin cements
No full textSince light-curing through ceramic dental restorations can be attenuated by the material crystalline structure, the use of specific adhesive protocols might enhance bonding effectiveness of dual-cure resin cements. This study evaluated the micro-shear bond strength (mu SBS) of different adhesive protocols containing dual-cured resin cements bonded to two glass ceramics: fluorapatite leucite (FLC) and lithium dissilicate reinforced ceramic (LDC), and their effect on the degree of conversion (DC) of resin cements. For each ceramic, eight adhesive protocols were tested using combinations of three different resin cements and four adhesive resins. Following the adhesive resin application on ceramic disk surface, resin cement cylinders were produced. After 24 h, the mu SBS test was performed (n=8), a shear load was applied at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min until failure and fracture patterns were determined. Resin cement DC analysis was performed by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (n=5). Data were statistically analyzed using two-way ANOVA, followed by Tukey test (alpha=0.05). The interaction of adhesive protocol and ceramic type significantly affected the micro-shear bond strength and resin cement DC (p < 0.0001). For the FLC, adhesive protocols containing the conventional resin cement produced higher mu SBS values compared to the remaining protocols. For the LDC, the combination of the conventional resin cement and an adhesive resin containing photoactivators produced higher mu SBS compared to the other tested adhesive protocols. The conventional resin cement and the self-etch cement produced higher conversion values when luted to the LDC. Selection of specific adhesive protocols should be carefully considered to improve bonding to glass ceramics713sem informaçã
Changes in calsequestrin, TNF‐α, TGF‐β and MyoD levels during the progression of skeletal muscle dystrophy in mdx mice: a comparative analysis of the quadriceps, diaphragm and intrinsic laryngeal muscles
No full textIn Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), the search for new biomarkers to follow the evolution of the disease is of fundamental importance in the light of the evolving gene and pharmacological therapies. In addition to the lack of dystrophin, secondary events including changes in calcium levels, inflammation and fibrosis greatly contribute to DMD progression and the molecules involved in these events may represent potential biomarkers. In this study, we performed a comparative evaluation of the progression of dystrophy within muscles that are differently affected by dystrophy (diaphragm; DIA and quadriceps; QDR) or spared (intrinsic laryngeal muscles) using the mdx mice model of DMD. We assessed muscle levels of calsequestrin (calcium-related protein), tumour necrosis factor (TNF-alpha; pro-inflammatory cytokine), tumour growth factor (TGF-beta; pro-fibrotic factor) and MyoD (muscle proliferation) vs. histopathology at early (1 and 4 months of age) and late (9 months of age) stages of dystrophy. Fibrosis was the primary feature in the DIA of mdx mice (9 months: 32% fibrosis), which was greater than in the QDR (9 months: 0.6% fibrosis). Muscle regeneration was the primary feature in the QDR (9 months: 90% of centrally nucleated fibres areas vs. 33% in the DIA). The QDR expressed higher levels of calsequestrin than the DIA. Laryngeal muscles showed normal levels of TNF-alpha, TGF-beta and MyoD. A positive correlation between histopathology and cytokine levels was observed only in the diaphragm, suggesting that TNF-alpha and TGF-beta serve as markers of dystrophy primarily for the diaphragm965285293CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO - CNPQCOORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DE PESSOAL DE NÍVEL SUPERIOR - CAPESFUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO - FAPESP142282/2012-0; 303320/2013-3; 302831/2013-4sem informação04/15526-9; 08/58491-1; 11/51697-6; 14/04782-6; 2012/03498-7; 2012/13577-1; 2012/15492-
Natural heritage: preservation or privatization? public sector actions and private interests : the case of Serra dos Cocais among Itatiba, Louveira, Valinhos e Vinhedo (SP)
No full textOrientador: Vicente Eudes Lemos AlvesTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de GeociênciasResumo: Este estudo analisa o modo como o poder público se posiciona em processos relacionados a tombamentos de áreas naturais, tomando medidas que acabam por favorecer os interesses do capital privado, em especial, no que diz respeito ao capital imobiliário que visa o loteamento de terras em áreas de paisagem preservada que posteriormente possam vir a ser privatizadas e vendidas como produtos. Esta é uma ação que se percebeu de maneira notável durante o andamento do processo que buscou efetivar o tombamento da região serrana da Serra dos Cocais, localizada entre os municípios de Itatiba, Louveira, Valinhos e Vinhedo, no estado de São Paulo. Tal região possui grande importância ecológica devido à sua variedade de fauna e flora ligada a remanescentes de mata atlântica, além de formações rochosas bastante peculiares e existência de inúmeras nascentes, fatores que levaram a que Organizações Não-Governamentais (ONG) ligadas ao movimento ambientalista solicitassem junto ao Conselho de Defesa do Patrimônio Histórico, Arqueológico, Artístico e Turístico do Estado de São Paulo (Condephaat), abertura de processo de tombamento da área. A região serrana ainda possui importância por ser uma área de alta produtividade de frutas, tais quais, figo, caqui, goiaba e uva, importantes para a economia dos municípios que abrigam a serra, além de garantir o sustento de agricultores familiares que habitam a região, perpetuando hábitos e tradições do campo. Outro ponto fundamental, diz respeito ao fato de a região serrana estar localizada em área de grande valorização da terra, no interior de municípios que apresentam bons índices de qualidade de vida, próximos às metrópoles de Campinas e São Paulo, portanto, procurados para estabelecimento de moradias de população de média e alta renda. Tal fato, aliado às belezas naturais da Serra dos Cocais fez com que, nos últimos anos, a região passasse por um processo de intensa especulação imobiliária, apoiado de maneira clara pelos poderes públicos municipais interessados no aumento da arrecadação de impostos. Neste contexto, o ímpeto das ONG¿s ligadas ao movimento ambientalista para concretização do processo de tombamento, a necessidade dos agricultores familiares em permanecer em suas terras e as ações do mercado imobiliário com vistas a lotear a área com o suporte do poder público, foram os principais pontos que nos levaram a refletir sobre os possíveis conflitos de interesses que tomaram corpo no entorno das discussões que envolveram o tombamento da Serra dos CocaisAbstract: This study analyzes the way in wich the public sector position themselves in processes related to the listing of natural areas, taking measures that end up favoring the interests of private capital, particularly, regarding real estate capital which aims at the allotment of land in preserved landscape areas which lately could have been privatized and sold such as products. This action, which has been remarkably noticeable during the progress of the process that enabled the preservation of this Mountain region from Serra dos Cocais, located among the cities of Itatiba, Louveira, Valinhos and Vinhedo, located in the state of São Paulo (Brazil). This region hast great ecological importance, due to its variety of fauna and flora linked to the remnants of Atlantic Forest. In addition to very peculiar rock formations and the existence of numerous springs, these factors led the Non-Governmental Organizations linked to the environmental movement, requested to the Defense Council for the Historical, Archaeological, Artistic and Tourist Heritage of the State of São Paulo (Condephaat) the opening of the process of natural sight preservation. The Mountain region has also great importance for being an area of high productivity of fruits, such as fig, persimmon, guava and grape, which are important for the cities around the region, enabling the sustenance of family farmers who inhabit the region, perpetuating habits and traditions of the countryside. Another key aspect, concerns the fact the Mountain region is located in an area of great land valuation in the countryside of cities that show good life quality rates, close to the metropolis of Campinas and São Paulo, so that are highly wanted for housing of middle and high income populations. This fact, combined with natural beauty from Serra dos Cocais caused the region to undergo intense real estate speculation in the recent years, clearly supported by public sectors interested in increasing tax collection. In this context, the impetus of NGO¿s linked to the environmental movement for the implementation of the preservation process, the family farmers needs to keep in their lands and the real estate market share aimed at subdividing the area with the support of the government, were the main reasons which have taken us to reflect upon possible conflicts of interest that have taken shape around the discussion involving the preservation of Serra dos CocaisDoutoradoAnálise Ambiental e Dinâmica TerritorialDoutor em Geografi