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Blending in Advertisements for Events
Get PDFBlending is often used in copywriting since the construction of the new words in blending is eye-catching. This paper investigates how blends are constructed in advertisements for events. The data for the research were obtained from advertisements for events held in Yogyakarta from 2014 to 2017. The data were analyzed using Hosseinzadeh’s (2014) classification to determine the type of blends by reconstructing them and which type the most frequently used. The results show that 50 blends were found in the advertisements. Blends belonging to Types 1, 2, 3, 5 were used almost equally frequently, i.e., 22%, 20%, 20%, 28% respectively. Only two Type 4 blends (4%) were found and Types 6 and 7 blends were not found at all. However, three new blends were found (6%)
Terms of Address Showing Disrespect in Orange is the New Black
Get PDFThis research investigates terms of address showing disrespect in a television series entitled Orange Is the New Black. The data used in this research were utterances containing terms of address showing disrespect found in the first eight episodes of season one of the series. 107 terms of disrespect addresses were found, which were then analyzed using Allan and Burridge’s (2006) and Dunkling’s (1990) categories of insults. The results show that the most frequently used category of insults in the series (43%) was the comparison of people with animals category and the Hispanics express the disrespect address terms the most (6.1 disrespect address terms per 1000 words) in comparison with the African-Americans (5.5) and the Caucasians (1.5)
The Influences of the Puritan’s Teaching on Young Goodman in Hawthorne’s Young Goodman Brown
Get PDFThis research attempts to investigate the Puritan’s teachings in Hawthorne’s Young Goodman Brown and the influences of the teachings toward Young Goodman Brown. Formalism was used in this research to analyze the novel. The results of the research show that the Puritan’s teaching of total depravity taught by John Calvin appears in most of the scenes involving Goodman Brown, both explicitly and implicitly. The Puritan’s teaching of total depravity influences Goodman Brown’s thought of people around him. His way of thinking about people around him changed after he returned from the forest. The Puritan’s teaching of total depravity also changes Goodman Brown’s personality indirectly. So, according to the influences of the teachings towards Goodman Brown, they are accepted by Goodman Brown as an invitation to doubt himself and others, to be suspicious of other people’s activities, which eventually leads to an unhappy ending
Annemarie Johansen’s Stages of Growing up: Lois Lowry’s Number the Stars as a Bildungsroman
Get PDFThis research examines Lois Lowry’s Number the stars, focusing on the development of Annemarie Johansen’s self-awareness and personality trait from the stage of immaturity into maturity. In line with the topic of research, the formalist approach was used as the main theoretical approach. The library research was used in collecting the data. To point out every crucial stage of Annemarie Johansen’s growing up process, the definition of Bildungsroman proposed by Dilthey (1985) was applied. The results reveal that Annemarie Johansen goes through stages of growing up processes from her immaturity into maturity throughout violent and dangerous times. The results also show that during her self-growth, Annemarie Johansen gradually develops her self-awareness and personal trait of being a courageous girl in order to survive in the harsh reality and she manages to save her good friend, Ellen, from the plan of Nazi persecution of Jews during the German occupation. Finally, she transforms herself from an innocent and frightened girl into a brave girl in a brief period
Slang in American and British Hip-Hop/Rap Song Lyrics
Get PDFThis research examines semantic changes and also the associative patterns of slang, focusing primarily on common topics, i.e., people and drugs. The data were slang terms taken from the lyrics of hip-hop/rap songs sung by four singers, two from the U.S.A and two from the U.K. A total of 105 slang terms were found, 45 of which belong to the people category and 16 to the drugs category in the American hip-hop/rap song lyrics, and in the British hip-hop/rap song lyrics, 26 of which belong to the people category and 18 to the drugs category. Bitch and nigga were found to be the most frequently used slang terms in the people category. In terms of semantic changes, broadening, amelioration, and narrowing were found, and in terms of associative patterns, effect, appearance, way of consuming, constituent, and container associative patterns were found. In addition, a new associative pattern was found, i.e., place of origin
Pragmatic Failures Experienced by Jacob in Jodi Picoult’s Novel House Rules
Get PDFPragmatic failures are often discussed in the context of cross-cultural studies. However, pragmatic failures have also been evident in other circumstances. People who are diagnosed with Asperger Syndrome, for example, also often experience pragmatic failures, even when they converse with others who come from the same geographical area and share the same culture. This paper examines pragmatic failures produced by Jacob, a character diagnosed with Asperger syndrome (AS) in Jodi Picoult’s novel House Rules. The data were excerpts taken from the novel that show Jacob’s failures to understand the other speakers. The data were classified into 12 categories of pragmatic failures: sarcasm, idioms, common phrases, metaphors, hyperbole, words with multiple meanings, the maxim of quality, maxim of quantity, maxim of relation, maxim of manner, joke, and indirect speech acts. The results showed that the most frequent type of pragmatic failures that Jacob produces in the novel is the infringement of the maxim of relation. In other words, Jacob often produces irrelevant utterances
Elaine Risley’s Character Development in Margaret Atwood’s Cat’s Eye
Get PDFThis research explores the character development of Elaine Risley, the main character of the novel Cat’s Eye by Margaret Atwood (2009), throughout her childhood, adolescence, early adulthood, and adulthood years. The objectives of this research are to explain how the character of Elaine Risley develops in Cat’s Eye and to examine the factors which affect Elaine Risley’s character development. This research employs the objective approach proposed by Abrams (1976) as its theoretical framework and the library research as its method of research. The results show that Elaine Risley always experiences development in her character throughout her life; she develops from a bullied little girl in her childhood, a mean but passionate girl in her adolescence, and an independent young woman in her early adulthood to finally become a woman who struggles to let go of her past in her adulthood. Elaine Risley’s character development is affected by several factors, namely, Toronto as her environment, her experiences with bullying, the men and women in the society around her, her own paintings, the cat’s eye marble, and the Virgin Mary
American Society Viewed from Youths’ Lens: A Study on Bob Dylan’s “A Hard Rain’s a-Gonna Fall”
Get PDFThis study examines the lyric of a famous song entitled A Hard Rains a-Gonna Fall composed by American folk musician, Bob Dylan. The objective of this study is to analyze the perspective of the baby-boomer generation, which remarkably differs from that of the older generations in terms of their attitude on certain issues such as war, social injustice, racism and equality in the 1960s America. All of these are reflected in the lyric of the song and also in the sociological and historical facts around the time when the work was created. The approach of sociological literature is employed in this study, which is chosen for the analysis to start from the assumption that the meaning of the lyrics is seen as the reflection of what happens in the society. This is also to reconfirm that a literary work can be used as a means of analyzing a period of time and, therefore, giving insights as to how the general public think about it
Popular Formulas in Sara Shepard's Pretty Little Liars
Get PDFThis study investigates the popular formulas found in Sara Shepard’s novel entitled Pretty Little Liars and examines how the popular formulas contributes to the success of the novel. In order to meet these objectives, this paper adopts the theory of popular genre and John G. Cawelti’s approach to popular formulas. This research is a library research where the primary data were obtained from the novel. Furthermore, other books related to popular formulas and online information from credible sources were also consulted. The results of the study show that the popular formulas in Pretty Little Liars include gothic romance, questioning sexuality, sibling rivalry, self-esteem issues, and forbidden love
Irregular Word Formation of Lexical Innovations in James Dashner’s The Maze Runner
Get PDFThis study investigates lexical innovations in The maze runner by James Dashner (2010), especially in terms of irregular word-formation techniques. 34 units of lexical innovations were found and classified according to their word classes: nouns, verbs, adjectives, and exclamations. The analysis focuses mainly on the examination of the word-formation processes undergone by the lexical units. The results reveal that four irregular word-formation techniques were used in the coinage of the new lexicon: compounding with left-headedness, compounding with unrecognizable constituent, compounding with irregular combination, and rhyming