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Muslim American Voices: Saba Fathima’s Attitudinal Position in TEDx Talks
Get PDFThis study examines the appraisal system of Saba Fathima’s speech “Making Spaces for Muslim Voices” at TEDx Talk to understand Fathima’s attitude regarding the Muslim American voices. Utilizing the qualitative approach, this study employs Martin and White’s Appraisal Theory. It collects the data by dividing the speech into clauses and examines them based on three elements of appraisal’s attitude such as affect, judgment, and appreciation. The attitude can also be divided into positive and negative attitude. The findings demonstrate that the most common attitude used by Saba Fathima is judgement (55%), followed by affect (41%) and appreciation (4%). It implies that Fathima prefers to show the assessment of experience she faced as Muslim American rather than emphasizing her appreciation. Additionally, she shows more positive attitude than the negative one, implying her optimism toward the future of Muslim American. The study shows how Saba Fathima strategically arranges the words and structures her speech to build an interpersonal relationship with her audiences. By carefully selecting the diction, she effectively communicates her messages and thoughts, influences the audience’s perspective, and creates meaningful interactions. This study also highlights her ability to convey a shared responsibility in addressing the issues faced by Muslim Americans. In conclusion, the study underscores the importance of rhetorical strategies in producing persuasive and impactful speeches.
Navigating Communication Challenges in using English as a Lingua Franca: The Stories of Indonesian Students in Australia
Get PDFThis research explores intercultural communication encountered by Indonesian students studying in Australia, where English serves as the lingua franca. Employing the narrative accounts of participants as a valuable source of qualitative data, this research aims to identify the distinct categories of understanding-related problems experienced by Indonesian students when engaging with non-native speakers of English and to explain the strategies employed in managing such challenges. Additionally, an evaluation of the efficacy of English language teaching and learning in Indonesia is conducted to ascertain its role in mitigating understanding issues. Data for this study were gathered through open-ended interviews conducted with eight Indonesian students enrolled in master's programs at Monash University, Australia. The findings reveal that students encounter three levels of understanding problems: 1) non-understanding, 2) partial understanding, and 3) misunderstanding. The analysis underscores two predominant strategies employed by students in managing these challenges: 1) signaling the problem and 2) allowing it to pass without clarification. Furthermore, the research reveals that although participants find their English studies effective in academic contexts like class discussions and written tests, they feel that their acquired language skills lack adequate guidance for daily interactions in Australia. The study proposes specific improvements in English language teaching (ELT) in Indonesia to better equip students for the diverse linguistic challenges in intercultural settings by incorporating three competences namely interactional competence, strategic competence and multidialectal competence
The Influence of The Speaker's and Hearer's Age on Request Strategies Used in the Movie Yours, Mine & Ours
Get PDFThis research aims to analyze request strategies in the movie Yours, Mine & Ours (2005). In particular, it attempts to identify and classify request strategies used by the main characters in the movie using the theory of request strategies proposed by Blum-Kulka and Olshtain (1984). This research also analyzes the differences of request strategies influenced by speaker's and hearer's age which are divided into four age groups: adult, teenager, pre-teen, and children. The data used in this research are all utterances containing requests made by the main characters in the movie. In Yours, Mine & Ours, the requests occur in the family domain and informal situations. The results show that the strategy that is most used by all age groups is Mood Derivable, which belongs to Direct Strategy. It also shows that adult is the age group that uses Direct Strategy the most and uses more types of strategy than the other age groups. Furthermore, the research also found that all age groups prefer to use Mood Derivable when the hearer is from the same and younger age group. Meanwhile, when the hearer is from older age group, the speaker prefers to use Reference to Preparatory Conditions.
Social Interaction and Class Struggles in Noughts & Crosses by Malorie Blackman
Get PDFThis research employs a sociological approach to literature, drawing on Georg Simmel's social interaction theory and Karl Marx's class struggle concepts, to analyze the dynamics between the upper-class Crosses and the lower-class Noughts in the novel Noughts & Crosses. The study identifies five forms and six types of social interactions, encompassing superordination and subordination, exchange, conflict, prostitution, and sociability, along with character-based classifications such as the miser, the spendthrift, the stranger, the adventurer, the nobility, and the poor. The central focus lies in understanding the struggles of the Noughts in their pursuit of social equality within a deeply divided society. Despite collective and individual efforts, fueled by class consciousness and the formation of the Liberation Militia, the research concludes that achieving equality remains elusive. The powerful Crosses, driven by hidden manipulations and a desire to maintain the existing system, thwart the Noughts' endeavors, underscoring the persistent challenges faced by the lower class in a society marked by reverse racism
Impoliteness Strategies in John Mulaney's Stand-Up Comedy
Get PDFAn analytical study on comedy provides significant insight into comedy as a complex and pervasive medium of expression penetrating everyday life. This study investigates the impoliteness strategies in John Mulaney’s stand-up comedy and how the most frequently used strategy entertains the audience through five sources of pleasure. The data gathered are the utterances containing impoliteness strategies from John Mulaney’s stand-up comedy specials: New in Town (2012), The Comeback Kid (2015), Kid Gorgeous (2018), and Baby J (2023). The impoliteness strategies found in the stand-up comedy were then classified using the theory of impoliteness strategies proposed by Culpeper (1996). The data containing the most frequently used impoliteness strategy are then classified based on Culpeper’s (2011) theory of five sources of pleasure of entertaining impoliteness function. The result shows 344 impoliteness strategies, with the positive impoliteness strategy being the most frequently used, with 163 occurrences (47.4%). From the 163 occurrences of positive impoliteness strategies, 105 entertain the audience through emotional pleasure (64%), followed by the pleasure of being superior with 33 occurrences (20.1%), the pleasure of feeling secure with 14 occurrences (8.5%), voyeuristic pleasure with ten occurrences (6.1%), and aesthetic pleasure with two occurrences (1.2%). The findings indicated that throughout his stand-up comedy performances, John Mulaney employs various impoliteness strategies, especially positive impoliteness strategies, to entertain the audience, primarily by evoking their emotional pleasure
A Formalist Approach to Religious Imagery in The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, The Witch and The Wardrobe by C. S. Lewis
Get PDFOne of the most popular novels written for children is The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, The Witch and The Wardrobe by C. S. Lewis (2005). However, this novel is controversial amongst critics because it contains religious symbols. This research argues that The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, The Witch and The Wardrobe has its way of presenting religious symbols implicitly therefore children can enjoy reading it. Thus, this research aims to examine the effective presentation of religious symbols in the novel. This research uses the Formalism approach. To support the analysis, the researcher uses library research as the method with the religious symbols found in the novel as the primary data and the books and journals written by experts as the secondary data. The result of this research is The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, The Witch and The Wardrobe presented religious symbols through the characters of children, role models, central subjects and important events of the story of the novel
The Complexities of Mathilda’s Character as a Tragic Heroine in Mathilda by Mary Shelley
Get PDFThis research explores the character complexities of Mathilda as a tragic heroine, the main character in Mary Shelley's Mathilda, from the beginning until the end of the story. To achieve the aim of this research, the researchers use data collection and the novella Mathilda to analyze Mathilda's character. The approach for this research is psychoanalytic, theory of character and characterization, personality, and psychological process. The analysis shows that Mathilda is a complex tragic heroine who yearns for both affection and tragic death. Her experiences of unrequited parental affection and emotional turmoil contribute to her portrayal as a tragic character. However, her longing for her idealized tragic fate remains unfulfilled, adding complexity to her character. Despite her desires, she cannot obtain the tragic ending she seeks, further highlighting the tragic irony of her situation. Mathilda's portrayal as a tragic character highlights the depths of her desires and yearning and the complexities of her character
Sarcastic Utterances in the Novel Series Nevermoor
Get PDFThis study investigates sarcastic utterances used in the novel series Nevermoor by Jessica Townsend. The novels consist of Nevermoor: The Trials of Morrigan Crow (2017), Wundersmith: The Calling of Morrigan Crow (2018), and Hollowpox: The Hunt for Morrigan Crow (2020). The data for the research were taken from the characters’ dialogues containing sarcastic utterances in the three novels. By applying the descriptive qualitative method, the research aims to classify sarcastic utterances using the theory proposed by Camp (2011): propositional sarcasm, illocutionary sarcasm, lexical sarcasm, and like-prefixed sarcasm. There are 75 data with the four types of sarcastic utterances, including propositional sarcasm (62.67%), illocutionary sarcasm (26.67%), lexical sarcasm (8%), and like-prefixed sarcasm (2.67%). The research also aims to identify negative emotions as triggers for each type of sarcastic utterance using the theory proposed by Vikan (2017): anger, disgust, contempt, sadness, fear, shame, and guilt. The novels contain these negative emotions, except guilt. The type of sarcastic utterance frequently used in the novels is propositional sarcasm. Meanwhile, like-prefixed sarcasm has the most minor occurrence compared to the others. Even though propositional sarcasm and illocutionary sarcasm contain several negative emotions as triggers, lexical sarcasm and like-prefixed sarcasm only have one each
Returns and Recalls in Julius Ocwinyo’s Fate of the Banished and Footprints of the Outsider
Get PDFThe generic treatment of analepsis as a narrative technique has left some of its sub-aspects, like returns and recalls, understudied. Returns and recalls were first introduced by Gerald Genette (1980) as analepses drawn from the same line of action as the first narrative. Returns fill in after the event, a gap in the narrative while recalls constitute the narrative’s allusion to its past. By extension, therefore, they are posterior to the start of the first narrative and anterior to its end. Recalls and returns get a raw deal from narrative critics and theorists; one hardly finds an article-long discussion of these aspects, even in books primarily about narrative time. Yet, rarely if ever, do novelists craft a narrative without incidents of returns and recalls; hardly do real-life stories unfold without them. Adopting an interpretive paradigm, this paper analyzed returns and recalls and their functioning in Julius Ocwinyo’s Fate of the Banished and Footprints of the Outsider. This paper embraced a qualitative research approach; specifically, a descriptive case study design was deployed. Data was collected through close reading and documentary analysis; the paper was anchored on the Genettian discoursal perspective of narrative theory
Gender Differences in the Directness of Request Strategies in the Movies Ocean’s Eight and Ocean’s Eleven
Get PDFThis research examined the level of directness of request strategies found in the movies Ocean’s Eight and Ocean’s Eleven. The topic of request strategies itself is important to study in a way that even though all people use it in their daily lives, the act has been used differently by different people. This paper also aimed to see whether there are differences in request strategies made by male and female characters in terms of politeness strategies. The data used in this study are the utterances spoken by the characters that contain request strategies. The data then were analyzed using the theory proposed by Blum-Kulka and Olshtain (1984), followed by the classification of politeness strategies using the combined theory from Holmes (1995) and Brown and Levinson (1987). The result shows that the male characters used direct strategy (Mood Derivable) the most with 57 occurrences (58%). Meanwhile the female characters preferred using conventionally indirect strategy (Query Preparatory) the most with 18 occurrences (33%). Furthermore, this research found that male characters tended to use Bald-On-Record strategy while requesting (71%) and they also found using Referential Tags (2%) as Holmes (1995) stated that men prefer using the referential tag to check their statement’s accuracy. The strategy that was mostly used by female characters was Bald-On-Record as well (35%). However, this strategy is balanced out with other strategies which were Affective Tags (31%). Affective Tags are preferred by women to soften their request or potential threat (Holmes, 1995)