Jurnal AgroBiogen
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ULASAN Kajian Filogenetika Molekuler dan Peranannya dalam Menyediakan Informasi Dasar untuk Meningkatkan Kualitas Sumber Genetik Anggrek
Get PDFEarly informationresulted from molecular phylogenetic studies of many importantornamental crops is often less attention to manygrowers and farmers. Phylogenetics is one of the most preferablemethod in systematics to reconstruct evolutionaryrelationships of groups of biological organisms in order tounderstand their biodiversities. This has been revolutionizedby DNA sequences data. In this method, a group of organismsthat shares many identical characteristics are consideredto be closely related; deriving from a commonancestor and is assumed to have similar genetic patternsand biochemical properties. By these basic principles,molecular phylogenetics plays important roles in revealing abasic knowledge on pattern of relationships to whichgenetic resources can be improved. Over the past decade,botanists have done several thousand phylogenetic analysesbased on molecular data of economically and horticulturallyimportant crops. Orchids are the best example for this.There is no doubt that most orchid plants had played roles inhorticulture and hybridization. At present, many infragenericand intergeneric hybrids are available commercially. Successfulhybridization can be achieved if two or more individualplants understudy are closely related in respect to theirgenetics and evolution
Teknik PCR Kualitatif untuk Deteksi Produk Rekayasa Genetika Jagung Event BT11 dan GA21
Get PDFIn some countries, including Indonesia, labelling of GMO products is mandatory for giving consumers the right to choosebetween GMOs and conventional products. Therefore, development of methodology that can detect a specific geneticallymodified (GM) crops and to verify the absence or presence of GM material in a product including raw materials (e.g. grains)and/or their derivatives is needed. The objectives of this study were to find the most efficient screening methods to detectwhether or not a product is GM material and to develop a specific detection method to identify GM product BT11 and GA21. Inaddition, present study was also aimed to obtain a duplex detection method for both GM products. Two GM-maize, including theBT11 and GA21 lines of maize (Zea mays L.), and one plant, namely NK11 as the nontransgenic control, were used as plantgenetic materials in the event-specific detection of maize. The target gene from each sample was amplified in different reaction(simplex) using both the event specific primer and the endogenous maize reference, Zein, as internal control. Furthermore, induplex PCR, two targets were simultaneously amplified in the same reaction. The results showed that detection method of theGM product obtained from present study enabled us to screen the GM products and specifically the event of BT11 and GA21using simplex and duplex methods. The duplex method is more efficient because it can detect two GM crops in one timecompared to simplex method that only can detect GM crop one by one
Phylogenetic and Maturity Analyses of Sixty Soybean Genotypes Used for DNA Marker Development of Early Maturity Quantitative Trait Loci in Soybean
Get PDFPhylogenetic and Maturity Analyses of Sixty SoybeanGenotypes Used for DNA Marker Development of EarlyMaturity Quantitative Trait Loci in Soybean. I MadeTasma, Dani Satyawan, Ahmad Warsun, MuhamadYunus, and Budi Santosa. The Indonesian soybeanproductivity is still very low with the national average of 1.3t/ha. One means to improve national soybean productivity isby manipulating harvest index by cultivating very earlymaturing soybean cultivars. Development of early maturingsoybean cultivars can be expedited by using marker-aidedselection. The objective of this study was to select parentallines having contrasted maturity traits and selected parentsmust be genetically distance. The parents then were used todevelop F2 populations for detecting early maturity QTL insoybean. Maturity tests of 60 soybean genotypes wereconducted at two locations, Cikeumeuh (Bogor) and Pacet(Cianjur) using a randomized block design with threereplications. Genomic DNA of the 60 genotypes wereanalyzed using 18 SSR markers and genetic relationship wasconstructed using the Unweighted Pair-Group MethodArithmatic through Numerical Taxonomy and MultivariateSystem program version 2.1-pc. Results showed that the 60genotypes demonstrated normal distribution in bothlocations for days to R1 (32-48d), days to R3 (35-55d), days toR7 (75-92d), and days to R8 (78-99d). Four early maturinggenotypes and three late genotypes were obtained. TotalSSR alleles observed were 237 with average allele per locusof 12.6 (3-29), and average PIC value of 0.78 (0.55-0.89).Genetic similarity among genotypes ranges from 74.8-95%.At similarity level 77% divided the genotypes into six clusters(the four selected early maturing genotypes located inclusters III and IV, while the three late genotypes located incluster II). Based on maturity data, pubescent color, andphygenetic analysis seven parents were selected (four earlymaturing genotypes B1430, B2973, B3611, B4433 and threelate genotypes B1635, B1658, and B3570). Twelve F2populations were developed with the aid of SSR markersSatt300 dan Satt516. Two of the populations will be used todevelop DNA markers for earliness in soybean
Peranan Zat Pengatur Tumbuh dalam Perbanyakan Tanaman melalui Kultur Jaringan
Get PDFThe Role of Growth Regulator in Tissue Culture PlantPropagation. Endang G. Lestari. In plant tissue culture,growth regulator has significant roles such as to control rootand shoot development in the plant formation and callusinduction. Cytokinin and auxin are two prominent growthregulator. Cytokinin consists of BA (benzil adenin), kinetin(furfuril amino purin), 2-Ip (dimethyl allyl amino purin), andzeatin. While auksin covers IAA (indone acetic acid), NAA(napthalene acetic acid), IBA (indole butiric acid) 2.4-D (2.4-dicholophenoxy acetic acid), dicamba (3,6 dicloro-O-anisicacid), and picloram (4-amino 3,5,6-tricloropicolinic acid).The emphasis of plant growth purposes decide the use ofgrowth regulator. Cytokinin is applied mainly for the purposeof shoot, while auxin is mainly used for the purpose of rootand callus. The application of growth regulator application isvaried, depending on the genotype and physiologicalcondition of the plant. The existence of a certain growthregulating substances can enhance growth regulator activityof other substances. The type and concentration of theappropriate growth regulators for each plant is not the samebecause it depends on the genotype and physiologicalcondition of plant tissue. However so often both arefrequently required depend on the ratio/ratio of auxincytokines or vice versa. The existence of a certain growthregulating substances can enhance growth regulator activityof other substances. The type and concentration of theappropriate growth regulators for each plant is not the samebecause it depends on the genotype and physiologicalcondition of plant tissue. For the propagation, multiple andadventive shoots along with embriosomatic formation couldbe applied. The seedling is obtained from one somatic cell.Here, strong auxin, such as dicamba and picloram 2.4-D, isutilized for callus production. For this reason, seedling perunit could be produced more than that of organogenesis
Regenerasi dan Pertumbuhan Beberapa Varietas Tebu (Saccharum officinarum L.) secara In Vitro
Get PDF(Saccharum officinarum L.) through In Vitro Culture.Deden Sukmadjaja and Ade Mulyana. The research wasconducted at the Laboratory of Tissue Culture The Biology ofCell and Tissue Researcher Group ICABIOGRAD, Bogor fromJune to November 2009 to studied growth and regenerationsresponse some varieties of sugarcane through in vitroculture. The research activities have been carried out inthree steps, i.e., callus formation, regeneration of shoots androots regeneration. The type of explants used in the studywas in vitro planlet explants of both sugarcane varieties.Seven media formulations were used for the callus inductionand regeneration of shoots, while five media formulationswere used for the roots regeneration. The resultsshowed that the highest respond for calluses induction wasBulu Lawang varieties at media formulation MS + 2.4-D 2mg.l-1 + BAP 0.4 mg.l-1 + CH 2000 mg.l-1 and PS 951 varietiesat media formulation MS + 2.4-D 1 mg.l-1 + BAP 0.4 mg.l-1.While the highest respond for regeneration of shoots wasBulu Lawang varieties at media formulation MS0 (controlMS) dan PS 951 varieties at media formulation MS + BAP 1mg.l-1 + kinetin 1 mg.l-1 + NAA 0.5 mg.l-1 + GA3 0.5 mg.l-1.The highest respond of roots regeneration was Bulu Lawangand PS 951 varieties at media formulation MS + IBA 1 mg.l-1.Acclimatization of plantlets produced were grew successfullyabout 90-100% in greenhouse
Introduksi Konstruk Over-Ekspresi Kandidat Gen OsWRKY76 melalui Agrobacterium tumefaciens pada Tanaman Padi Nipponbare
Get PDFDelivering of Over-Expression Construct OsWRKY76Candidate Gene in Rice cv. Nipponbare throughAgrobacterium tumefaciens. Aniversari Apriana, AtmitriSisharmini, Wening Enggarini, Sudarsono, Nurul.Khumaida, and Kurniawan R. Trijatmiko. Plant geneticimprovement can be done through classical breeding orgenetic engineering. WRKY is a transcription factor involvedin regulating plant defense responses. OsWRKY76 gene islocated in a narrow segment of chromosome 9 which isidentified previously to be related to wide spectrumresistance in rice. A sequence of OsWRKY76 (+1.200 bp)has available in the gene bank and it makes possible toisolate, clone, and construct the gene into over-expressionvector. The aim of this research was to assemble an overexpressionconstruct of OsWRKY76 candidate gene andintroduce it into rice through Agrobacterium-mediatedtransformation. A construct of pCAMBIA-1301::35S::OsWRKY76 has been successfully assembled andtransformed into embryogenic calli of rice cv. Nipponbareusing A. tumefaciens strain Agl-1 and EHA 105. A number of126 independent lines has been produced, in which Agl-1showed 3.8 times more efficient than EHA 105. PCR analysisof randomly selected 25 independent lines showed that allof them positively contained hptII gene, a selectable markerused in the over-expression construct of the OsWRKY76candidate gene. Based on the result, it could be concludedthat the over-expression construct of OsWRKY76 candidategene have been successfully introduced into the tissue ofNipponbare
Keragaman Genetik 50 Aksesi Plasma Nutfah Kedelai Berdasarkan Sepuluh Penanda Mikrosatelit
Get PDFGenetic Diversity of 50 Soybean Accessions Based on TenMicrosatellite Markers. Chaerani, Nurul Hidayatun, andDwinita W. Utami. Soybean accessions in germplasmcollection have increased in number as a result ofexploration, introduction as well as development or releaseof new commercial varieties. This complicates accurate andreliable evaluation of an accession for purposes of utilizationin breeding program and discrimination of a newcommercial variety for purposes of plant variety protection.The aims of this study were to identify the genetic diversityof soybean germplasm to complement the existingphenotypic database as the basis for efficient managementand accurate discrimination of commercial varieties, and toidentify potential parents for hybridizations. Fifty soybeanaccessions consisting of 12 released varieties, 32 localvarieties, and 6 introductions were analyzed usingmicrosatellite DNA markers based on semi-automatic sizingsystem. A total of 86 alleles were detected with the numberof alleles per locus ranged from 4 to 16. Rare alleles weredetected at a rate of 53% which was shown by 68% of thegenotypes. Informativeness of the microsatellite markers asmeasured by the average gene diversity (D) orpolymorphism information content (PIC) was 0.60 and 0.58,respectively. A heterozygosity level of 0.09 as detected byseven loci was observed among 64% of the genotypes. Theaverage genetic distance among the genotypes was 0.56,which indicated the relatively low polymorphism among theanalyzed soybean germplasm. Four microsatellites thatshowed a high D or PIC value (over 0.75) were able todiscriminate between accession reliably. Each soybeanaccession had different DNA microsatellite fingerprint whichcan be used for accurate discrimination to complement theprevious conventional characterizations. UPGMA clusteringseparated the 50 accessions into 10 major clusters, whichshowed no clear pattern of clustering according to varietalgroup or geographical origin. Genetic similarity dataidentified five clusters and 15 genotypes with highest interclusteror inter-genotype genetic distances which arepotential candidates to be exploited as parents inhybridizations for development of new commercial varieties
Sidik Jari DNA 88 Plasma Nutfah Ubi Jalar di Indonesia Berdasarkan Delapan Penanda SSR
Get PDFDNA Fingerprinting of Indonesian 88 Sweet PotatoGermplasm Based on Eight SSR Markers. NurulHidayatun, Chaerani, and Dwinita W. Utami. Indonesiapossesses a great number of sweet potato varieties.Understanding the diversity and distribution of this geneticresource is essential for its management and future use. Theobjective of this study was to elaborate the molecularcharacter as DNA finger print of Indonesian sweet potatogermplasm. Eight fluorescent labeled SSR primers wereused to amplify DNA of 88 sweet potato accessionsconsisting of improved varieties and landraces collectedfrom 7 islands in Indonesia. The amplified products weredetected using capillary electrophoresis method in CEQGenetic Analysis System machine. A total of 135 allelesranging from 8 to 36 alleles per locus with an average of 17alleles were generated. Each accession had a uniquemicrosatellite finger print marked by specific combination of11 to 22 alleles in 8 SSR loci. Dendrogram generated byUPGMA based on simple matching coefficients produced 4nonspecific groups at 80% similarity. The groups revealedthe possibilities that the accessions were distributed fromsimilar genetic resources
Faktor Virulensi AvrBs3/PthA pada Ras III, Ras IV, Ras VIII, dan IXO93-068 Patogen Hawar Daun Bakteri (Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae)
Get PDFAvrBs3/PthA Virulence Factor of Bacterial Leaf BlightRace III, Race IV, Race VIII, and IXO93-068. Dwinita W.Utami, Triny S. Kadir, and Siti Yuriyah. Bacterial leafblight (BLB) is an important disease of rice and presentthroughout many of the rice-growing regions in the world,also in Indonesia. Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) isthe causal agent and a member of the Protebacteria and likemany other this phyllum have a type III secretion system forprotein virulence effector (PVE) released on their pathogenicitysystem. Commonly, PVE in Xanthomonas sp., iscoded by AvrBs3/PthA family gene. This research wascoducted to identify the virulence factor of AvrBs3/PthA ondominant Indonesian BLB isolates (Race III, Race IV, RasVIII, and IXO93-068). This objective was obtained bysequence analysis through designed markers for membersof the virulence factor AvrBs3/PthA gene family (PthXo4,avrXa7#38, PthXoS and avrXa7sacB50). Results gave informationthat RaceIII is a dependent elicitor race due to noPVE transcript formed and intraceluler protein target withRLL type on NLS (nuclear localization signal). RaceIV andRaceVIII are the virulent race which PVE active formed withintraceluler protein target and have the RLL and RLLP typefor the NLS signal. While isolate IXO93-068 is a virulenisolate that active formed a PVE but the extraceluler proteintarget is due to no type of NLS. Based on cluster analysis,Race VIII has a genetic distance closely to PthXoS andavrXa7sacB50
Purifikasi dan Karakterisasi α-amilase Termostabil dari Bacillus stearothermophilus TII-12
Get PDFPurification and Characterization of Thermostableα-amylase from Bacillus stearothermophilus TII-12. PujiLestari, Nur Richana, Abdul A. Darwis, Khaswar Syamsu,and Untung Murdiyatmo. Thermostable α-amylase is apotential enzyme employed in the starch processing andwidely used in food industries, but this enzyme is stillimported. The local enzyme production would be moreeconomist and useful for its broad applications. Here wereport α-amylase from indigenous bacteria TII-12 which waspurified and characterized, as well as analyzed its hydrolysisproduct on cassava starch. The enzyme of Bacillusstearothermophilus TII-12 partially purified by ultrafiltration,acetone precipitation and gel filtration (Sephadex G-100)showed the reduced total activity, total protein and yield, butincreased the specific activity. The enzyme had a Km of 1,06mg/ml and Vmax of 1,21 mol/min, with optimal activity at pH 7and 90oC. An apparent molecular mass was of 192.932,8Dalton, as estimated by Native-Polyacrylamide Agarose Gelelectrophoresis. Its activity was inhibited by the divalentcation chelator such as EDTA and CuSO4 but activated bycalcium ion. Hydrolysis products of this enzyme on cassavastarch were glucose, dextrin, maltose and oligosaccharides.After 24 hours of hydrolysis, the concentration of glucoseand maltose reached 51.970 and 10.090 ppm, respectively.The thermostable α-amylase of TII-12 is an endo-α-amylaseand prospective to be applied on starch liquefaction withhigh temperature process