Jurnal AgroBiogen
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Konstruksi Kandidat Gen AV1 Begomovirus pada pBI121 dan Introduksinya ke dalam Tembakau Menggunakan Vektor Agrobacterium tumefaciens
Get PDFConstruction of Begomovirus AV1 Gene Candidate intopBI121 and Its Introduction into Tobacco by usingAgrobacterium tumefaciens Vector. Tri J. Santoso,Muhammad Herman, Sri H. Hidayat, HajrialAswidinnoor, and Sudarsono. Infection of Begomovirushas caused leaf curl disease in tomato. This infection hassignificantly impact on yield losses of tomato production.Recently, in Indonesia there was no effectively way tocontrol this disease. The use of resistant tomato variety isone of strategies to control this virus. Genetic engineeringtechnology gives an opportunity to develop the transgenictomato resistant to Begomovirus through pathogen derivedresistance (PDR) approach. The objectives of this studywere to construct the Begomovirus AV1 candidate gene inthe pBI121 and to introduce the construct into tobacco plantgenome through Agrobacterium tumefaciens vector. A seriesactivites in gene construct have been conducted includePCR amplification of AV1 gene using a pair of specificprimer, cloning the gene into pGEM-T easy, transformation ofthe clone into Escherichia coli DH5α competent cell,construct the gene into pBI121, and transform the constructinto A. tumefaciens. Leaf segments of in vitro tobacco plantwere transformed by co-cultivation with A. tumefacienscontaining ToLCV-AV1 construct. In the research activitiy,Indonesian Begomovirus AV1 gene was successfullyamplified and inserted in expression vector plasmid pBI121.Tobacco transformants carrying kanamycin-resistant gene(nptII gene) were regenerated and established in theglasshouse. Those transformant plants are expectedcontaining the AV1 gene
Identifikasi Entomopatogen Bakteri Merah pada Wereng Batang Coklat (Nilaparvata lugens Stål.)
Get PDFIndentification of Entomopathogenic Red Bacterial fromBrown Planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens Stål.). Tri P.Priyatno, Yohana A. Dahliani, Yadi Suryadi, I MadeSamudra, Dwi N. Susilowati, Iman Rusmana, Baskoro S.Wibowo, and Cahyadi Irwan. Red bacteria isolated frombrown planthopper (BPH) has been proven pathogenicagainst BPH and others insects. Application of 106 to 107cells/ml of red bacteria caused 65.6-78.2% mortality of BPH.The 50% effective concentration (EC50) and lethal time of redbacteria against BPH is 2.8 x 105 cells/ml and 6.8 days,respectively. Based on phenotypic characters tested on GNMicroPlateTM Biolog kit and 16S rRNA sequneces analysis,red bacteria was identified as Serratia marcescens with 99%similarity. Red pigmen produced by S. marcescens strainBPH is secondary metabolite determined as prodigiosinshowing bactericidal activities against Xanthomonas oryzaepv. oryzae. We concluded that S. marcescens did not onlypotent as biocontrol agent to BPH, but also it can be used tocontrol plant pathogenic bacteria
Genetic Diversity Analysis of Aluminum-toxicity Tolerant and Sensitive Soybean Genotypes Assessed with Microsattelite Markers
Get PDFAnalisis Diversitas Genetik Genotipe Kedelai Toleran danPeka Keracunan Aluminium Menggunakan Marka Mikrosatelit.I Made Tasma dan Ahmad Warsun. Persilangandua genotipe kedelai dengan jarak genetik jauh menghasilkanprogeni dengan polimorfisme tinggi pada banyak lokusyang memfasilitasi keberhasilan program pemuliaan dan pemetaankarakter agronomi penting kedelai. Tujuan penelitianini untuk mengetahui diversitas genetik genotipe kedelaitoleran dan peka keracunan aluminium (Al), informasi diversitasalel dan tingkat polimorfisme marka SSR dari genotipekedelai yang diuji, menentukan genotipe dengan jarak genetikjauh sebagai tetua dalam pembentukan populasi pemetaankarakter toleran Al, dan informasi diversitas genetik dalampemilihan tetua untuk program pemuliaan kedelai tolerankeracunan Al. Dua puluh empat genotipe kedelai tolerandan peka keracunan Al dianalisis menggunakan 15 markaSSR. Marka SSR lokasinya menyebar pada 14 kromosom kedelai.Dendrogram dikonstruksi menggunakan UnweightedPair-Group Method Arithmatic (UPGMA) melalui programNumerical Taxonomy and Multivariate System (NTSYS) versi2.1-pc. Diversitas genetik antara dua genotipe kedelai berkisarantara 2-33,2%. Pada diversitas 33,2% uji klaster UPGMAmembagi genotipe menjadi 2 kelompok masing-masing terdiridari 19 dan 5 genotipe untuk kelompok 1 dan 2. Jumlahalel SSR total 81dengan rata-rata jumlah alel per lokus SSR4,4 dan rata-rata tingkat polimorfisme 0,55. Menggunakan diversitastertinggi 33,2% dua genotipe paling peka Al (B3293dan B3442) dari kelompok 1 dan dua genotipe paling toleranAl (B3462 dan B3851) dari kelompok 2 dipilih untuk membentukpopulasi pemetaan karakter toleran Al. Berdasarkannilai diversitas genetik tertinggi 33,2% banyak kemungkinankombinasi persilangan dapat dilakukan antara genotipetoleran Al untuk pemuliaan kedelai toleran Al
Pemanfaatan Tanaman Hasil Rekayasa Genetik: Status, Regulasi, dan Metode Deteksi di Indonesia
Get PDFApplication of Genetically Modified Crops: Status, Regulation,and Detection Method in Indonesia. Bahagiawatiand Sutrisno. Global area of transgenic crop was increasetremendously. The number of country accepting of plantingand/or marketing the transgenic crops and its derivativeproducts also become more numberous. However, due toexisting controversy on the benefit and risk, the applicationof transgenic crops was governed by regulations to protectthe consumer and environment from its unwanted effects.There are some international conventions that managingand controlling the uses of these crops, one of them wasCartagena protocol that Indonesia ratified in 2004. Indonesiaalso launched a regulation upon labelling package foodderived from transgenic crops in 1999. To implement eitherthe Cartagena protocol and labelling regulation, Indonesianeeds to increase its capacity to detect the present of thetransgenic crop product either in raw, and proceesed food.This review will discuss about the development of theapplication of transgenic crop and its product globally, andlist of transgenic crops that have been accepted andapproved as safe for human consumption and environment.The regulations upon the application of transgenic crop inIndonesia also be informed. Some metodologies to detectthe presence of the genetically modified food that aregenerally use in some countries also be discussed in thisreview
Karakterisasi secara Morfologi Abnormalitas Embrio Somatik Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq) dari Eksplan Daun
Get PDFMorphological Characterization on Abnormalities of Oilpalm(Elaeis guineensis Jacq) Embryo Somatic Generatedfrom Leaf Explant. Nesti F. Sianipar, Gustav A.Wattimena, Hajrial Aswidinnoor, Maggy ThenawidjayaS., Nurita Toruan-Mathius, and Gale Ginting. Somaticembryogenesis is the development of somatic cells to form astructure alike zygotic embryo direct or indirectly. Somaticembryos from young leaf explants could be induced fromprimary callus formed surrounding the palm-leaf rib. Embryogeniccallus will develop to be somatic embryos whichgrew nonuniformly. Embryo somatic growth pattern ofglobular, asymmetric heart shape, and cotyledon ary stageproduced different morphological variation. Morphologicalvariability of in vitro somatic embryos could be due to highapplication of growth regulator 2,4-D at the beginning ofinitiation, subculture frequency, loaded cells, and polysomiccells from certain tissues. From the three clones used,which were clone 638, 636, and 558, there were differentvariation at each step of development stages, groupingmorphologically into normal and abnormal based on thedevelopment of somatic embryos. The percentage of abnormalityfrom the three clone used was clone 27% (638), 30%(636), and 46% (558). The normal somatic embryos at globularstage were round and bipolar shaped; while the abnormalembryos were oval and no bipolar. At heart-shape stage,the normal somatic embryos had symmetrical polarized surface;while the abnormal embryos had asymmetrical polarizedsurface. At the cotyledon stage, the normal embryoshad monocot-tyledon; the abnormal ones were more thanone cotyledon
Isolasi dan Karakterisasi Aktinomisetes Penghasil Antibakteri Enteropatogen Escherichia coli K1.1, Pseudomonas pseudomallei 02 05, dan Listeria monocytogenes 5407
Get PDFIsolation and Characterization of Actinomycetes ProducingAntibacterial Compound into EnteropatogenikEscherichia coli K1.1, Pseudomonas pseudomallei 02 05and Listeria monocytogenes 5407. Dwi N. Susilowati,Ratih D. Hastuti, and Erny Yuniarti. The resistance ofbacterial pathogens to some antibacterial agents and sideeffects of the antibacterial usage demanded discovery ofnew effective, safe, and active antibacterial compounds.Some pathogenic bacteria, such as enteropathogen Escherichiacoli (EPEC) that cause diarrhoea on children andinfants, Pseudomonas pseudomallei that cause melioidosison human and animal, and Listeria monocytogenes thatcause listeriosis on newly born babies mortality and death ofpregnant woman. Actinomycetes is the largest bacterialgroup that produce antibiotics. More than 10,000 antibacterialcompounds had been discovered, two-third ofthem were produced by this bacterial group. A study wasdone to isolate and characterize Actinomycetes producingantibacterial compounds effective against EPEC K1.1 and P.pseudomallei 02 05. Soil samples were taken from 39locations in Indonesia and 115 actinomycetes isolates wereobtained. Two of the isolates, i.e., isolate A3.5 that waseffective against P. pseudomallei 02 05 and isolate F6.1 thatwas effective against EPEC K1.1 evaluated further. Theisolate A3.5 had an optimum time 72 hours to produce antibacterialcompound, while F6.1 took 96 hours. The antibacterialcompounds produced by both isolates were dissolvein the a 70% ethyl acetate solution, but not in a 40oCwarm methanol solution because it is very dissolved. Theantibacterial compound extracted from the isolate A3.5 hada similar effectiveness to antibiotics bacithracyn 10 unit andneomycin 30 g. On the other hand, the antibacterialcompound extracted from isolate F6.1 had a similar effectivenessto antibiotics colistin 10 g and doxyciclin 30 g.Further identification of the isolates suggested that both ofthem belongs to the genera Streptomyces
Pengaruh Iradiasi Sinar Gamma pada Pertumbuhan Kalus dan Keragaman Planlet Tanaman Nilam
Get PDFThe Effect of Gamma Irradiation on Calli Growth andPatchouly Planlet Variation. Abdul Kadir, Surjono H.Sutjahjo, Gustav A. Wattimena, and Ika Mariska. Thisresearch was objected to study the effect of gamma irradiationon growth of calli and plantlet and phenotypic variationof patchouly plantlet. Research was conducted at the TissueCulture Laboratory of Center for Agricultural Biotechnologyand Genetic Resources Research and Development, Bogor.Gamma irradiation treatment was done at the Centre for Researchand Development of Isotop and Radiation Technology,BATAN, Jakarta. The treatment consisted of 5 level ofirradiation i.e. 0 (control), 5, 10, 15, and 20 Gy of gamma irradiation.The result showed that gamma irradiation of 20 Gydecrease calli quality index and increased percentage ofcalli death and inhibited calli growth at 30, 60 and 90 daysafter irradiation, also decrese number of shoots. Gamma irradiationof 5 Gy and 10 Gy increased growth planletcompared 15 Gy and 20 Gy, meanwhile gamma irradiation at20 Gy induced high frequency of phenotypic variation ofpatchouly plantlet
Struktur Populasi Trichogrammatoidea armigera, Parasitoid Telur Helicoverpa armigera, Berdasarkan Analisis RAPD-PCR
Get PDFPopulation Structure of Trichogrammatoidea armigera,Egg Parasitoid of Helicoverpa armigera Based on RAPDPCRAnalysis. Bahagiawati, Damayanti Buchari, Nurindah,H. Rizjaani, Dwinita W. Utami, B. Sahari, and A.Sari. Genetic structures of Trichogrammatoidea armigera(Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae), the egg parasitoid ofHelicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) were studied.Egg masses of H. armigera were collected from fields ofseveral locations in West Java and East Java with differentdistances among them and two distinct cultural practices,i.e., monoculture and polyculture. Genetic relationshipsamong T. armigera populations that emerged from the collectedH. armigera eggs were analysed by the RAPD-PCRtechnique using four oligonucleotide primers. The fourprimers revealed 55 presumptive polymorphic loci that wereused to estimate the population structures. The estimatedvalues of Fixation Index (Fst) was 0.16, indicating that therewas a division of the populations into subpopulations. ThisFst value implied the present of reproductive isolationamong the populations that might be due to their lowmigration rate (1.3 insect per generation). This low migrationrate indicated the present of low level of gene flow amongthe populations. A dendrogram resulted from the NTSYSanalysis indicated that the West Java and East Java populationsof the egg parasitoid had quite wide genetic distances,while within each of the populations there was a subdivisionof minor populations. This finding has an important implicationon the program to release Trichogramma spp. as a biologicalcontrol agent. The release of the parasitoid cannot bedone randomly, because if we pick up a minor population,the starter or the released population will mate with thelocal population and multiply, thus the inundation will fail tocontrol the target pest
Produksi dan Evaluasi Antibodi Poliklonal untuk Deteksi Toksin Photorhabdus spp.
Get PDFProduction and Evaluation of Polyclonal Antibody forDetection of Photorhabdus spp. Toxin. Yadi Suryadi, IfaManzila, Alina Akhdiya, and Etty Pratiwi. The researchwas aimed to produce and evaluate polyclonal antibody(PAb) for specific Photorhabdus spp. bacterial toxin detection.Photorhabdus spp. toxin of HJ isolates which was purifiedusing Hi Prep. 16/60 Sephacryl S-200 HR column chromatographyrevealed three different peaks of polypeptides.The results showed that the protein concentration of crudeantigen protein (supernatant) was 3,711 μg/μl, whilst fractionof protein was 1,95 x 10-2 μg/μl, respectively. The bioassayusing Tenebrio molitor larvae-3 indicated that after 48 happlication, the percentage of larvae mortality by crude antigenwas lower (73%) than by fraction antigen (93%). Basedupon NCM-ELISA test, PAb of fraction protein derived fromHJ isolate reacted with Photorhabdus spp. antigen yieldedstronger or darker violet color on membrane than that ofcrude protein. In addition, it was observed that PAb coulddifferentiate specifically Photorhabdus spp. toxin with otherbacterial filtrate such as Xanthomonas oryzae pv oryzae, X.campestris pv glycinea, Ralstonia solanacearum, Pseudomonassyringae pv glycinea and P. fluorescens, however itshowed cross reaction with Escherichia coli. Further testsare needed in optimizing PAb-Photorhabdus spp. sensitivityto achieve effective concentration for detection of Photorhabdusspp. toxin as well as specificity test against otherbacterial antigens
Regenerasi Tanaman pada Kultur Antera Beberapa Aksesi Padi Indica Toleran Aluminium
Get PDFAnther culture provides the quick route in obtaining pure lines in a single generation from either green haploid plant that may be artificially or spontaneously doubled. Indica rice known as recalcitrant genotype because of its difficulty in regenerating sufficient number of green plantlets among the regenerated plants through anther culture. Whilst, research on studying anther culture ability has to be done to assure the success of rice breeding through anther culture. The objective of this research was to determine regeneration ability of five accessions of indica rice tolerance to aluminum through application of putrescine in anther culture. Completely randomized design with 15 replications was used in this research. Treatments consisted of five accessions of aluminum tolerance indica rice, ie. CT6510-24-1-3, Grogol, Hawara Bunar, Krowal, and Sigundil. Callus induction medium based on N6 medium + 10-3 M putrescine, while regeneration medium based on MS + 10-3 M putrescine. The results indicated that culture ability is controlled by the genotype. From this research, Grogol, Krowal and Sigundil were selected as accessions having good rice anther culture ability, and therefore can be used as parents for developing new rice varieties tolerance to aluminum through anther culture