Jurnal AgroBiogen
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KOMUNIKASI PENDEK Perbanyakan Tanaman Artemisia annua secara In Vitro
Get PDFArtemisinin, an anti-malarial medicineisolated from the annual wormwood Artemisia annua,has a marked activity against chloroquine-resistant andchloroquine-sensitive strains of Plasmodium falciparum.This compound is useful for treatment of cerebral malaria.An in vitro propagation system for A. annua has been developed.Shoots were induced by culturing seeds of A.annua on a MS medium containing BAP (0, 0.1, 0.3, 0.5mg/l). Shoots were also formed on each seedling culturedon the same medium. Root formations were obtained fromshoots that were subcultured on a MS medium containingIBA (0, 1.0, 1.5, 2 mg/l). The results showed that MS mediumsupplemented with BAP 0.3 mg/l was the best medium forinduction and multiplication of the shoots, while the MSmedium supplemented with IBA (1 mg/l) was good for rootformations
Analisis Sekuen Gen Tubulin-β Isotipe 1 Cacing Haemonchus contortus Isolat Resisten terhadap Benzimidazole pada Domba di Indonesia
Get PDFBenzimidazole (BZ)resistance to gastrointestinal nematodes in small ruminants(sheep and goat) has become a significant problem worldwide.Evidences of anthelmintic resistance to albendazole inIndonesia has been reported from some government ownedfarms in West Java, Central Java, and Yogyakarta. Previousstudy on the sheep parasite H. contortus had shown that theBZ resistance was related to selection for individuals in apopulation possesing a spesific β-tubulin isotype 1 gene. Thestudy is aimed to determine mutation on coding region ofcentral part of β-tubulin isotype 1 gene of H. contortus resistantstrain from Indonesia. Seven H. contortus worms wereisolated from four BZ resistant sheep from two governmentfarms (SPTD Trijaya, Kuningan, West Java, and UPTDPelayanan Kesehatan Hewan, Bantul, Yogyakarta), and froma BZ susceptible sheep from Cicurug, Sukabumi, West Java.DNA was extracted individually from female H. contortusworms. A fragment of 520 bp β-tubulin isotype 1 gene exon3, 4, 5 was amplified using the PCR technique and thensequenced. The results showed that a single mutationoccurred in codon 200 (from phenilalanine to tyrosine) hadcaused benzimidazole resistance in H. contortus from SPTDTrijaya, Kuningan, West Java. Mutation in β-tubulin isotype 1gene of H. contortus from UPTD Pelayanan KesehatanHewan, Yogyakarta, occurred in codon 198 (from glutamateto glycine), codon 201 (from cystein to stop codon), andcodon 202 (from isoleucyne to stop codon)
Pengembangan Populasi Mutan Penanda Aktivasi: I. Transformasi Padi Japonica Tropis Lokal Sulawesi cv. Asemandi dengan bantuan Agrobacterium tumefaciens
Get PDFThe rice transformation technologyis not only provides valuable methods for the introductionof useful genes into rice plant to improve importantagronomic traits, but also helps in studying gene functionand regulation based on rice genome sequence information.Knockout of genes by insertional mutagenesis is a straightforwardmethod to identify gene functions. One of themethods to develop rice mutants is through genetic transformationmediated by Agrobacterium using activationtagging by Ac-Ds system. A study was done with an objectiveto obtain mutant rice of local tropical japonica cv. Asemandithrough genetic trans-formation mediated by Agrobacteriumtumefaciens. The transformation was conducted usingAgrobacterium vector with the strain of Agl-1 containingactivation tag construct. The result of experiment showedthat it has been obtained 17 independent line (304 plants)transgenic Asemandi containing activation tag construct.These starter lines will be used as materials to developseveral generations of stabil rice mutant through selfing
Pengaruh Retardan Paklobutrazol terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Pemulihan Dua Aksesi Ubi Kayu
Get PDFNormal growth medium is not effective for in vitro conservation due to the risk of somaclonal variation that may increase dueto short interval between subculture. Two experiments involving growth retardant paclobutrazol (PBZ) were conducted toreduce explants growth and extend subculture interval. In order to develop medium-term conservation of cassava, therecovery of plantlets after in vitro storage was also observed. Accession 433 and 450 were used in two independentexperiments. Completely Randomized Design was used with three replications. PBZ at 0, 3.4, 6.8, and 10.2 μM weresupplemented onto MS medium + arginin 100 ppm. Observation was done on shoot length, number of nodes and leaves, andnumber of white and senescence leaves. The results showed that after nine months without subculture, both cassavaaccessions showed different results in in vitro growth and their recovery. PBZ 3.4 μM performed as the best treatment inaccession 433 and 450 to reduce in vitro growth and their recovery after storage
Pembentukan Populasi Mutan Azospirillum dengan Menggunakan Transposon untuk Sifat Superior terhadap Pelarutan P
Get PDFAzospirillum sp. which has the ability for nitrogenfixation and phosphate solubilization may support modernfarming in Indonesia that is mostly dependent on the usageof chemical fertilizer N, P, and K. Genetic quality ofAzospirillum was improved in this research to obtainsuperior characters toward phosphate solubilization so thatit can become more effective in use for farmers. To achievethis goal, Azospirillum was mutated by means ofelectroporation using transposon EZ-Tn5<kan-2>Tnp. Theelectrotransformation resulted in 20 out of 22 transformantstested contained the marker gen (npt). 10, 6 and 4 mutantshave increased, decreased and lost phosphate-solubilizingfunction, respectively. Mutant with elevated phosphatesolubilizingability may be selected further to be utilized asbiofertilizer while others may be useful for identification ofgenes responsible for phosphate solubilization
Regeneration of Pruatjan (Pimpinella pruatjan Molk): Axillary Bud Proliferation and Encapsulation
Get PDFPurwoceng (Pimpinella alpina KDS atau Pimpinella pruatjan Molk.) merupakan tanaman obat asli Indonesia yang terancam punah. Akarnya dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai obat afrodisiak, diuretik, dan tonik. Teknik kultur in vitro merupakan teknologi alternatif yang dapat diterapkan untuk konservasi dan perbanyakan tanaman tersebut. Mikropropagasi telah dilakukan melalui jalur organogenesis dengan proliferasi tunas aksilar dan enkapsulasi. Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium Kultur Jaringan BB-Biogen, Bogor mulai tahun 2004 hingga 2005. Penelitian ini terbagi atas empat percobaan, yaitu (1) optimasi lingkungan tumbuh kultur, (2) optimasi formulasi media untuk proliferasi tunas aksilar dan enkapsulasi tunas aksilar, (3) induksi perakaran, dan (4) aklimatisasi. Kondisi lingkungan kultur yang optimum adalah di growth chamber dengan suhu 9oC dan intensitas cahaya 1000 lux. Formulasi media terbaik untuk proliferasi tunas aksilar adalah media DKW dengan penambahan BA 4 ppm dengan eksplan berupa tunas tanpa daun. Penggunaan arginin 100 ppm lebih baik daripada glutamin 100 ppm dan modifikasi vitamin (mioinositol 100 ppm dan thiamine-HCl 1 ppm). Pada media yang sama, pertumbuhan tunas aksilar terenkapsulasi juga paling baik dan tunas tersebut dapat menembus kapsul alginat setelah 4 minggu dalam periode in vitro (85%). Penggunaan NAA 1,0 ppm menginduksi perakaran paling cepat (40 hari) dengan persentase perakaran paling tinggi (100%). Vermikulit bertekstur kasar paling baik untuk aklimatisasi tunas aksilar terenkapsulasi sedangkan arang sekam paling baik untuk aklimatisasi planlet
Analisis Gen Selubung Protein Chilli Veinal Mottle Potyvirus dari Beberapa Daerah di Indonesia
Get PDFVariation on symptoms and virulence wasobserved on different isolates of ChiVMV collected fromWest Java, Central Java, East Java, South Kalimantan, WestSumatera and Central Aceh. Research was conducted tostudy genetic variation of six ChiVMV isolates based onsequence analysis of coat protein (CP) gene and aminoacid. Sequence analysis of CP gene showed 87% to 99%homology among the six isolates with level of variationranging from 0.02% to 1.48%. Sequence analysis of aminoacid derived from CP gene showed 85% to 99% homology.Further analysis on amino acid motives of CP gene indicatedmutation of octapeptide motif, i.eLSGQVQPQSRQSEMETEVPQVR on ChiVMV CKB andRMETFGLDGRVGTQEEDTERHT on other ChiVMV isolates.Other differences was observed on amino acid number 61and 84 i.e. deletion of MET and mutation of GG to KV onChiVMV BL and KR. Phyllogenetic analysis based onnucleotide and amino acid sequence showed that sixisolates of ChiVMV can be differentiated into three groups.ChiVMV KR and BL were in the same group with ChiVMVPataruman (GeneBank No. access DQ854961), ChiVMV CKBwas in the same group with ChiVMV Cikabayan 2(GeneBank No. access DQ854960), and ChiVMV TD, ChiVMVNI and GB ChiVMV were in the same group with ChiVMVTaiwan (GeneBank No. access DQ854948). Analysis of CPgene confirmed the occurrence of genetic variation amongChiVMV isolates although symptom variation is weak
Uji Pendahuluan Genotipe-genotipe Kedelai Hasil Seleksi In Vitro terhadap Cekaman Aluminium dan pH Rendah
Get PDFAluminum toxicity is a major constraint to soybean production in acid soils. Since variabilities on Al tolerance in plants are very limited, mutation breeding, and in vitro selection were used to increase the variability. Three soyben genotypes were produced from cultivars Wilis and Sindoro that have been gamma irradiated and selected in vitro for their tolerance to Al on Al and low pH media. These genotypes and their original cultivars were then planted in a greenhouse in an acid soil on May 2001. The results showed that the plant performances were varied, some were shorter and more compact than the original. Based on the yield components, a number of plants from the genotypes showed higher than those of the control cultivars. These plants were considered more tolerant to Al than the original cultivars
Pengaruh Hormon Asam Indol Asetat yang Dihasilkan Azospirillum sp. terhadap Perkembangan Akar Padi
Get PDFFree-living bacteria of thegenus Azospirillum live in close association with rice roots.This bacteria produced indole acetic acid (IAA), a plantgrowth hormon, to the environment. IAA was isolated fromcultures of Azospirillum strains and investigated for its effecton root development and plant height of rice variety IR64 invitro. Rice cultures of variety IR64 were grown in vitro andinoculated with cultures of Azospirilllum. Production of IAAby the bacterium during its growth period in rice culture mediumcontaining different levels of nitrogen was observed.Results of the experiment showed that strains AzospirillumAz15 and Az44 had a high ability to produce IAA, i.e., 57.93μg/ml at 12 days after incubation (DAI) and 40.42 μg/ml at 7DAI, respectively. The IAA production pattern of AzospirillumAz15 and Az44 in the liquid medium were fluctuativeuntil the end of the incubation period, while that of the strainAz7 was linier. Strain Az7 gave a better effect on the rootdevelopment and plant height than strains Az15 and Az44.Treatment combination of strain Az7 and 100% nitrogen gavehighest root development. High level of nitrogen increasedIAA content in the uninoculated culture, while low IAAcontent on the inoculated one. Inoculation the culture withstrain Az7 together with 50% nitrogen application resulted inthe IAA content, root dry weight, root length, fiber root number,and plant height as high as those on cultures containing100% nitrogen (1 mM NH4NO3) without inoculation. Inoculationof rice culture with Azospirillum is expected to reducenitrogen application on rice IR64 by the IAA production asindicated by significant changes in the root growth anddevelopment. A higher concentrations of IAA tend to givebetter effects on the root growth and development of riceIR64
Hubungan Kekerabatan Jamur Pelapuk Putih Pleurotus spp. dengan Analisis Isoenzim
Get PDFPleurotus spp. is anedible mushroom commonly found on stem of wide leaftrees or other wooden plants in the forest. A number ofPleurotus species are found in Indonesia, and some of themhave been cultivated. An accurate technique is needed toidentify the species of Pleurotus correctly; one of the methodis the isoenzyme technique. Apart from its simplicity, cheapnessand quickness, this method also gives accurate informationon phylogenetic relationship among the Pleurotusspp. The technique was used to determine phylogeneticrelationship in 6 isolates of Pleurotus spp., i.e., Pleurotussp.8, Pleurotus sp.6, Pleurotus sp.1, Pleurotus sp.7, andPleurotus sp.9, using the GOT System. Results of the analysisindicated that all the Pleurotus isolates tested produced twobands with similar thickness, except for Pleurotus sp.1 thatproduced one band that move to the cathode (-). Anotherisolate of Pleurotus spp. produced bands tend to move to theanode (+). The genetic distances between Pleurotus sp.8was similar to that of Pleurotus sp.9, while that of Pleurotussp.6 was similar to Pleurotus sp.7. Genetic distances ofPleurotus sp.8 or Pleurotus sp.9 was similar to Pleurotus sp.6or Pleurotus sp.7, with the longest distance on Pleurotussp.1. Pleurotus sp.1 showed a different migration distance,where one of the isoenzym band tend to move to thecathode (-). This indicated that Pleurotus sp.1 has differentphylogenetic relationship with the other Pleurotus spp