Jurnal AgroBiogen
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Identifikasi Marka Polimorfik untuk Pemuliaan Padi Toleran Defisiensi Fosfor
Get PDFInformation on polymorphismsamong rice parents are very important in ricebreeding for tolerance to phosphorus defficiency. A studywas conducted at the Molecular Biology Laboratory,Indonesian Center Agricultural Biotechnology and GeneticResources (ICABIOGRAD) from October 2006 to July 2007 toidentify polymorphism markers from 6 rice genotypes. Therice genotypes, i.e., Dodokan, Situ Bagendit, Batur, Kasalath,NIL-C443, dan K36-5-1-1 were analyzed for polymorphismsusing 496 SSR markers, which cover the rice genomes.Seven of the 496 markers were used as foreground andrecombinant selection markers, and the rests (489 markers)were used as background selection markers. PCR amplificationswere separated on a 5% polyacrylamide gel andcolored by the silver staining method. Three different markersamong the seven foreground and recombinant selectionmarkers were selected from each crossing, which aretightly linked with Pup1 gene and have a distance less than 5cM. These markers are Dodokan vs Kasalath (RM277, SSR3,RM519), Dodokan vs NIL-C443 (RM277, SSR3, RM519),Dodokan vs K36-5-1-1 (RM277, SSR3, RM519), Situ Bagenditvs Kasalath (RM28102, SSR3, RM519), Situ Bagendit vs NILC443(RM28102, SSR3, RM519), Situ Bagendit vs K36-5-1-1(RM511, SSR3, RM519), Batur vs Kasalath (RM277, RM1261,RM519), Batur vs NIL-C443 (RM277, RM1261, RM519), andBatur vs K36-5-1-1 (RM28102, SSR3). Variations in backgroundselection primers were found in each chromosomeand in each parent combinations. Primers on chromosome4, 5, and 12 showed the lowest polymorphisms; moreprimers are needed for these chromosomes
Perbanyakan Tanaman Jambu Mete (Anacardium occidentale L.) melalui Jalur Organogenesis
Get PDFVegetativepropagation through in vitro culture has been carried out asa technology that has the potential for obtaining seedling insignificant amounts and relatively faster. This activity can bedone through the multiplication of adventitious shoots andlateral shoots (organogenesis). The goal of this research wasto find the method of cashew micropropagation throughorganogenesis. This study consisted of 4 main activities.They were shoot induction, shoot multiplication, shootelongation, and root induction. The results showed the bestmedium composition for shoot induction was MS + BA 0.7mg/l. The suitable media for shoots multliplication was MS +thidiazuron 0.5 mg/l + zeatin 1 mg/l and for shootselongation was MS + GA 1 mg/l + zeatin + 3 mg/l. The bestmethods for root induction was by submerging in vitroshoots in a solution of IAA 100 mg/l
Pengaruh Kinetin dan BAP terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Perkembangan Embrio Somatik Tanaman Sagu (Metroxylon sagu Rottb.)
Get PDFEffect of Kinetin and BAP to Growth and Development ofSomatic Embryos of Sago Palm (Metroxylon sagu Rottb.).Imron Riyadi. Somatic embryos induction in sago palm(Metroxylon sagu Rottb.) have succesfully developed. Kindsand concentration of plant growth regulators (PGR’s)influence to growth and development of somatic embryos.The research was conducted to determine the optimal concentrationof BAP and kinetin for proliferation, maturationand germination of sago palm somatic embryos. Cotyledonstageof somatic embryo derived from shoot tip culturescultured on Modified Murashige-Skoog (MMS) with halfstrengthmacro-salts and added with 30 g/l sucrose, 2 g/lgelrite, 1 g/l activated charcoal. pH of media was adjusted at5.6 before sterilized. The media were supplemented with0.1-2.0 mg/l BAP and 0.1-2.0 mg/l kinetin in combination with0.01 mg/l ABA each for supporting growth and development.The cultures was incubated at 26+1oC under a 12-hphotoperiod with lighting providing an intensity 20 μmolesphotons/m2/second for 11 weeks with replication 10 times.The results showed that the highest of somatic embryoproliferation was achieved in a culture medium with BAP at0.5 mg/l + 0.01 mg/l ABA with an expression rate of 94%, thebest maturation at 1.0 mg/l kinetin + 0.01 mg/l ABA with anexpression rate of 93.5% and the most germination at 2.0mg/l kinetin + 0.01 mg/l ABA with an expression rate of100%. Transfer of these germinants to gelled media withoutPGR’s led to the development of normal plantlets
Konservasi In Vitro Tanaman Jeruk Besar (Citrus maxima (Burm.) Merr.) Kultivar Srinyonya Menggunakan Osmotikum dan Retardan
Get PDFIn Vitro Conservation of Pomelo (Citrus maxima (Burm.)Merr.) cv Srinyonya Using Osmoticum and Retardant.Iswari S. Dewi, Gani Jawak, Ika Roostika, M. Sabda,Bambang S. Purwoko, and Widiati H. Adil. Pomelo is anunderutilized citrus fruit with a potential for commercialization.Only some cultivars have been conserved ex situ, suchas in home yards or in botanical gardens. Such collectionsare vulnerable to biotic and abiotic hazards. The goal of theexperiment was to study the effect of osmoticum (sorbitol)and retardant (ancymidol) on in vitro growth of pomelo.Four-leaf in vitro shoots of pomelo cultivar Srinyonya wereused as plant materials. Murashige-Skoog (MS) medium wasused as the basal medium for the culture. The trial wasarranged in a completely randomized design with threereplications. The treatments consisting of MS + sorbitol (0,20, 40, and 60 g/l) and MS + ancymidol (0, 1, 3, and 5 mg/l).The results indicated that based on plant height, number ofnew leaves, and visual plant architecture, sorbitol treatmentsfrom 20-60 g/l retard the growth of the pomelo plant significantly.On the other hand, ancymidol did not inhibit thepomelo growth significantly, but it was a suitable osmoticumfor improvement of in vitro plant vigor, increasing greencolor of leaf, and increasing root initiation. Leaf senescenceof in vitro plants cultured on media containing sorbitol 40and 60 g/l began 20 week after storage. The best medium forconservation of pomelo cv Srinyonya was MS + 20 gsorbitol/l
Dampak Tanaman Transgenik Bt terhadap Populasi Serangga Pengendali Hayati
Get PDFAn alternative technique to improve plant resistance to insect pests is plant transformation using the genetic engineering technology. Several transgenic plants resistant to insect have been produced and commercially released to environment in some industrial and developing countries. Before release, transgenic plants need to be assessed for their potential risks to human health and environment. One of the environmental risk assessments is the potential risk to non-target insects, including the biocontrol insects. Laboratories, glasshouse, and field experiments have been conducting the study of the impact of transgenic plant resistance to insect, especially transgenic Bt plants to the population of predators and parasitoids. However the results were controversial. The objective of this review is to inform some of controversial results, and to suggest serial experiments need to be done to solve the problem. The impact of the transgenic plant resistance to insects depends on several factors, such as genes that are used to transform the plants, the kind of plant pests, and the kind and stages of the insect natural enemies. Results of the experiments were influenced by sites of the experiments (laboratory, glasshouse, or field) and contact of the natural enemies to the toxin. Some experiments showed that the transgenic Bt plants have no impact to the natural enemies population, and otherwise. Due to the controversial results, the experiment and assessment should be done in depth and carefully studied. A sequential experiments need to be adopted to avoid the misleading interpretation, and the assessment need to be based on a case by case study
Development of SSR Marker Set to Identify Fourty Two Indonesian Soybean Varieties
Get PDFProfile of molecular marker can be used for variety identification, genetic purity monitoring of germplasm and additionalrequirement in proposing intellectual property protection. DNA fingerprinting of soybean had been applied at the ICABIOGRADIAARDsince 2004 using simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers which were run automatically by CEQ 8000 Genetic Analyzerplatform based on capillary electrophoresis system. This method had produced unique DNA fingerprints of the varieties tested,but the marker set to efficiently identify the varieties had not yet been developed. This study aimed to develop a set of SSRmarkers as a tool to identify the Indonesian soybean varieties. Fourty two soybean varieties were analyzed using 14 random SSRmarkersA total of 168 alleles that were obtained from the polymorphism analysis. The average of polymorphic informationcontent (PIC) value observed was 0.7337 per SSR locus. Based on marker reproducibility rate, PIC value, number of rare alleles,frequency of dominant alleles, and percentage of SSR fragment detected by genetic analyzer, we identified five SSR markers i.e.Satt414, Satt147, Satt308, Satt009, and Satt516 as a SSR marker set to be used for soybean variety identification purposes. Thismarker set was used to develop the identity (ID) of the 42 Indonesian soybean varieties
Seleksi In Vitro dan Pengujian Mutan Tanaman Pisang Ambon Kuning untuk Ketahanan terhadap Penyakit Layu Fusarium
Get PDFFusarium wilt of banana (Musa spp.) caused byFusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc) is the most seriousproblem faced in banana cultivation in terms of plantproductivity and fruit quality. Mutation breeding is one of thealternative method that can be applied in producing newbanana cultivar. Mutants can be induced by chemicalmutagen such as ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS) followed byin vitro selection and then evaluation of the mutants tofusarium wilt disease in glasshouse and Foc infected field.The aim of this research was obtained EMS induced and invitro selected mutants of banana var. Ambon Kuning andevaluated Foc disease resistant clones in glasshouse andFoc infected field. The first step to obtain the explants forthis research was initiation and formation of multiple budclumps (MBC) using MS basal media supplemented with 5,10, and 20 mg/l of benzyladenin. Plant regeneration of MBCwas also studied by using MS media containing 0, 0.2, and 1mg/l of benzyladenin. To induce mutagenesis, MBC wassoaked in 0.1, 0.3, and 0.5% (v/v) EMS for 1, 2, and 3 hours.The assesment of resistant MBC mutants to Fusariumphytotoxin was conducted by using fusaric acid (FA) asselection agent in concentration of 30, 45, and 60 ppm.Putative mutant plants produced by in vitro selection werefurther tested using spore solution of Foc race 4 inglasshouse. Meanwhile, Foc resistance assesment in theinfected field was conducted in Pasirkuda ExperimentalStation, Bogor Agricultural University. The results showedthat MBC can be formed in MS basal media supplementedwith 10 or 20 mg/l benzyladenin. The EMS played a role inobtaining mutants by producing 68 MBC putative mutantstolerant to Foc based on FA selection. Further evaluation inthe glasshouse was obtained 64 Foc resistant plants from391 putative mutants produced by in vitro selection.Evaluation in the Foc infected field showed six clonessurvived until generative phase (12 month of age)
In Vitro Culture Manipulation on Pruatjan for Secondary Metabolite Production
Get PDFPurwoceng (Pimpinella pruatjan Molk. atau Pimpinellaalpina KDS.) adalah tanaman obat langka yang dapat dimanfaatkansebagai bahan obat afrodisik, diuretik, dan tonik.Kultur in vitro tidak hanya dapat digunakan untuk konservasidan perbanyakan tanaman, melainkan dapat juga diterapkanuntuk produksi metabolit sekunder. Melalui teknik ini,produksi metabolit sekunder tidak bergantung kepada sumbertanaman di lapang. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuanuntuk meningkatkan kadar stigmasterol melalui kultur invitro dengan menggunakan prekursor asam mevalonat. Penelitiandibagi menjadi dua tahap, yaitu induksi kalus danmanipulasi kultur in vitro untuk meningkatkan kadar stigmasterol.Pada tahap induksi kalus, terdapat 16 perlakuan yangmerupakan kombinasi perlakuan 2,4-D dan piklorammasing-masing pada taraf 0,5; 1,0; 1,5; dan 2,0 ppm. Untukmeningkatkan kadar stigmasterol, digunakan asam mevalonatpada taraf 0, 250, 500, dan 750 ppm dengan masa inkubasiselama 4 dan 6 minggu. Kandungan stigmasterol dianalisismenggunakan GC-MS. Hasil penelitian menunjukkanbahwa media P2 (DKW + 2,4-D 0,5 ppm + pikloram 1,0ppm) adalah media terbaik untuk induksi kalus. Eksplan daunlebih baik daripada eksplan petiol. Hasil analisis GC-MSmenunjukkan bahwa kandungan stigmasterol tertinggi(0,0356 ppm) diperoleh dari kalus dengan masa inkubasi 4minggu pada media dengan penambahan asam mevalonat250 ppm. Peningkatan taraf asam mevalonat tidak mampumeningkatkan kandungan stigmasterol. Kadar tersebut miripdengan kandungan stigmasterol pada planlet dari GunungPutri (0,0365 ppm) dan Dieng (0,0414 ppm). Dibandingkandengan kadarnya dalam akar tanaman dari lapang, kandungantersebut sekitar 10-100 kali lipat lebih tinggi