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Analysis of Biofilm-Related Genes and Antifungal Susceptibility Pattern of Vaginal Candida albicans and Non-Candida albicans Species
Get PDFBackground. Vulvovaginal candidiasis caused by Candida species is a prevalent fungal infection among women. It is believed that
the pathogenesis of Candida species is linked with the production of biofilm which is considered a virulence factor for this
organism. The aim of this study was molecular identification, antifungal susceptibility, biomass quantification of biofilm, and
detection of virulence markers of Candida species. Methods. We investigated the molecular identification of 70 vaginal isolates
of Candida species, antifungal resistance to amphotericin B, fluconazole, itraconazole, and voriconazole according to CLSI M27-
A3 and M27-S4, biofilm formation, and frequency analysis of biofilm-related ALS1, ALS3, and HWP1 genes. Results. Our
findings showed that the most common yeast isolated from vaginal discharge was C. albicans (67%), followed by the non-
Candida albicans species (33%). All C. albicans complex isolates were confirmed as C. albicans by HWP-PCR, and all isolates of
the C. glabrata complex were revealed to be C. glabrata sensu stricto using the multiplex PCR method. FLC resistance was
observed in 23.4% of C. albicans and 7.7% of C. glabrata. The resistance rate to ITC was found in 10.6% of C. albicans. The
frequency of ALS1, ALS3, and HWP1 genes among Candida species was 67.1%, 80%, and 81.4%, respectively. Biofilm formation
was observed in 54.3% of Candida species, and the highest frequency detected as a virulence factor was for the ALS3 gene
(97.3%) in biofilm-forming species. Discussion. Our results showed the importance of molecular epidemiology studies,
investigating antifungal susceptibility profiles, and understanding the role of biofilm-related virulence markers in the
pathogenesis of Candida strains
The effect of daily fast food consumption, family size, weight-caused stress, and sleep quality on eating disorder risk in teenagers
Get PDFPurpose: Eating disorder (ED) is a common complication with disturbance of eating or eating-related behaviors that lead to physical and psychosocial disorders. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between eating disorders and daily fast food consumption, family size, weight-caused stress, and sleep quality in teenagers in Zanjan, Iran. Methods: Adolescent girl students aged 12–15 years (n = 370), selected in a cross-sectional study, completed the Eating Attitude Test-26 and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index questionnaires. The cluster random sampling method was used. Statistical analysis was performed using R software version 3.6.3. Logistic regression modeling was used for investigating the relationship between factors and odds of EDs. A p value of less than 0.05 was considered significant. Results: A significant relationship was found between family size (OR = 0.77, p = 0.049), fast food-daily consumption (OR = 5.42, p = 0.043), weight-caused stress (OR = 12.47, p < 0.001), and poor sleep quality (OR = 1.70, p = 0.024) and odds of eating disorder among teenage girls. Conclusion: A significant positive association was found between a low number of family members, daily fast food consumption, stress status, poor sleep quality and odds of EDs. However more longitudinal studies are required to confirm the results. © 2021, Springer Nature Switzerland AG. Author keywords Eating disorder; Family size; Fast food consumption; Sleep quality; Weight-caused stres
Intravascular Ultrasound for Assessment of Residual Coarctation of the Aorta after Balloon Angioplasty in Infants
Get PDFIntravascular ultrasound (IVUS) has been introduced as an accurate and minimally invasive diagnostic technique for the assessment of vascular anatomy and its abnormalities. We believe that IVUS can be used for clarifying the reasons for failure of balloon angiography in infantile coarctation of the aorta (CoA), because post-balloon angioplasty tearing, intimal flap, thrombosis and pseudoaneurysm of the aorta can be evaluated by IVUS with greater sensitivity and specificity. We aimed to assess the outcome of balloon angioplasty of CoA using angiography as the gold standard and IVUS as a new method in infants, comparing the two techniques for the evaluation of the diameter and area of CoA segment pre- and post-procedure. This cross-sectional study was performed on 18 infants hospitalized with a final diagnosis of CoA. All the infants underwent angiography and were also assessed by IVUS to measure the preoperative and postoperative diameter of the narrow segment in the two anterior–posterior and lateral views. In assessment by IVUS, the mean diameter of the coarctation site increased from 2.10 ± 0.30 mm to 4.50 ± 0.94 mm (P < 0.001). Similarly, the average minimum area of the coarctation level increased from 5.26 ± 1.50 mm2 to 13.77 ± 3.48 mm2 after angioplasty (P < 0.001). Comparing these findings, angiography and IVUS showed a high level of agreement. In the assessment of a dissection flap, there was a high level of agreement between angioplasty and IVUS before the procedure, but IVUS had higher accuracy after the procedure. Our study showed that IVUS was more reliable than angiography in the assessment of residual coarctation. IVUS yielded high sensitivity (58.3%) and specificity (100%) for discriminating the presence and absence of residual coarctation as well as the need for repeating the procedure. The assessment of coarctation before and after angioplasty procedures in children is possible using the IVUS method, with high accuracy. IVUS can offer greater accuracy than angiography in the evaluation of the coarctation area, detecting tears, dissection and flaps, and assessment of residual coarctation. © 2021, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.
Author keywords
Angiography; Aortic coarctation; Child; Ultrasonograph
Survey of patients' preferences in using VIP services of teaching hospitals of Qazvin University of Medical Sciences in 2021
Get PDFAbstract
Background and Aim: There is significant evidence that confirms the constructive effects of public-private partnerships in various areas of health care delivery. Due to the significant benefits of this method, including increased responsiveness, availability and quality of services, this strategy has been used by health policy makers in most developed countries for many years in order to make optimal use of the maximum capacity of VIP services. But what is certain is that the successful realization of this requires the creation of the necessary infrastructure to encourage patients to use the private services of the health sector to meet the goals of efficiency and effectiveness, as well as patient satisfaction. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate patients' preferences in using VIP services of Qazvin University of Medical Sciences teaching hospitals.
Materials & Methods: The present study is an analytical and cross-sectional study in which the data collection process was performed from July to October 2016 from all patients admitted to the teaching hospitals of Qazvin University of Medical Sciences. In the present study, a researcher-made questionnaire of Discrete Choice Experiment (DCE) was used to collect data. After determining the components and related levels, patients' preferences in relation to different scenarios based on the use of VIP services were evaluated. . In order to answer the objectives of the study, the data were analyzed using logistic regression after entering STATA software version 13.
Results: The results of the study showed that according to the estimated estimates, the greatest effect on patients' preference for private hospital services was related to "reduction of waiting time" (β = 0.82) followed by "access to supplementary insurance coverage" (0.68 = β), "Continuity of care" (β = 0.42), "Minimum tariff for medical services" (β = 0.21), "Appropriate hotel services" (β = 0.13) and "Good doctor interaction" (β = 0.04) . Findings show that all components are important in order (including: waiting time, supplementary insurance coverage, continuity of care, medical tariffs, hotel services and physician-patient interaction) except the nurse-patient interaction based on patients' decision It affects the choice of medical service and this effect is statistically significant (P≤0.05). In fact, reducing waiting time to less than a week increased patients' preference for private services by 2.5 times, and having supplemental insurance coverage increased this choice by 1.5 times. Continuity of service has also increased patients' preference for using VIP services to more than 1.5 times compared to providing non-integrated, incoherent and lacking continuity services.
Discussion and Conclusion: The most effective factor in patients' preferences was the reduction of waiting time, access to adequate insurance coverage, continuity of care, reduction of tariffs for medical services and appropriate hoteling. Therefore, adopting policies that can improve the quality of components in the provision of services such as better hoteling, establish more effective relationships with patients and provide comprehensive clinical information to them, reduce waiting time and continuity of care, increase patients' desire to benefit from VIP services On the other hand, taking appropriate arrangments so that people are not exposed to financial damage caused by heavy medical care costs, for example, appropriate insurance coverage and reduction of medical tariffs and bringing it closer to public sector tariffs can be Effective steps were taken in this optimal use of the potentials of this sector.
Keywords: Preferences, Medical Services, Private Sector, Patient
Providing an Outsourcing Evaluation Model for the Units of Educational and medical center in Qazvin
Get PDFDesigning a theory baesd educational intervention on Improving Adherence to Treatment in Patients with Hypertension in sarab city: A Social Networking Trial
Get PDFHigh blood pressure is one of the most important issues of public health and not following the treatment regimen as an undesirable therapeutic behavior has an effect on poor control of high blood pressure which causes harmful consequences. One of the effective strategies in this field is education. One of the educational models that has helped to better understand the factors affecting behavior change is the health action process approach (HAPA). The aim of this study was to design an educational intervention to improve adherence to treatment in patients with hypertension in Sarab city: a social network-based trial
Detection of Extended-Spectrum beta-Lactamases among Acinetobacter Baumannii Isolated from Hospitals of Qazvin, Iran
Get PDFBACKGROUND፡ Acinetobacter baumannii is a major
contributor to nosocomial infections. Extended-spectrum ßlactamase (ESBL)-producing A. baumannii is spreading
worldwide. We aimed to determine the frequency of ESBLencoding genes in clinical isolates of A. baumannii and to access
their clonal relationship by repetitive extragenic palindromicPCR (rep-PCR).
METHODS: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 203 isolates
of A. baumannii were collected from Qazvin hospitals. The
Identification of isolates was performed by standard laboratory
methods. To verify ESBL production, all isolates were screened by
disk agar diffusion and confirmed by the combined disk method.
Subsequently, ESBL-encoding genes were detected by PCR and
sequencing. Possible clonal association of ESBL-producing
isolates was evaluated using rep-PCR.
RESULTS: Two hundred (98.5%) isolates showed reduced
susceptibility to one of the antibiotics used in the ESBL screening
test, of which 127 isolates (62.6%) produced ESBL. PCR results
showed blaOXA-1 (20.5%) was the most prevalent gene followed by
blaTEM-1 (20%), blaGES-1 (15.7%), blaCTX-M-15 (7.9%), and blaPER-1
(1.6%). Rep-PCR results revealed that ESBL-producing isolates
belonged to clones A (85%), B (13.4%), and C (1.6%).
CONCLUSION: Our study showed the significant presence of
blaOXA-1, blaTEM-1, blaGES-1, blaCTX-M-15, and blaPER-1 genes in ESBLproducing A. baumannii isolates in the studied hospitals. This is
the first report on the emergence of blaOXA-1 gene in these isolates
in Iran. The use of comprehensive antimicrobial treatment
guidelines based on laboratory data and appropriate infection
control interventions are essential
کاربرد استراتژیهای کنترل مدیریتی در ارتقای ایمنی شغلی کارکنان نیروی دریایی در مواجهه با پرتوهای راداری
Get PDFامواج راداری دسته ای از پرتوهای الکترومغناطیس هستند که در بخشهای مختلفی مانند صنایع مخابراتی ، نظامی ، سامانههای ارتباطی ثابت و متحرّک، رادار و سامانههای ناوبری دریایی، ارتباطهای ماهوارهای، شبکههای رایانهای، ترافیک هواپیمایی ، فرستنده های رادیویی و تلویزیونی و نیز موارد پزشکی مانند دیاترمی کاربرد داشته و دارای محدوده فرکانسی 1 تا 3000 گیگاهرتز می باشند. مواجهه شغلی کنترل نشده با این پرتوها می تواند باعث آسیبهای حرارتی مانند آب مروارید ، سوختگی پوست و آسیب به بیضه و غیر حرارتی مانند اثرات زیانبار بر سیستم تولید مثل، سیستم ایمنی و خونساز (بروز استرس اکسیداتیو، نقص در سیستم خونساز و ایمنی بدن) ، ژنتیک، اعصاب - روان و بروز سرطان گردد[1-3]. اگرچه موضوع افزایش مرگ و میر ناشی از ابتلا به سرطان به دلیل مواجهه شغلی با پرتوهای راداری در میان شاغلین در جوامع علمی هنوز مورد بررسی بوده و به دلیل کمبود مطالعات مرتبط هنوز به قطعیت کامل نرسیده [4] اما سرطان بیضه ، سرطان مغز و گلیوما و مننژيوم شایعترین انواع تومور های سرطانی هستند که در کارکنانی که با پرتوهای راداری مواجهه شغلی دارند گزارش شده اند[3]. در این میان ابتلا به سرطان بار اقتصادی زیادی را به جامعه و خانوادهها وارد میکند. هزینههای مستقیم و غیرمستقیم پزشکی(بیمار ، خانواده و تولید ازدسترفته)، هزینههای نامحسوس (کیفیت زندگی و بار روانی)، هزینههای واقعی و انتقالی (سرمایه، نیروی کار یا کاهش ظرفیت کلی اقتصاد برای تولید و خدمات) نمونهای از این بار اقتصادی میباشند[3]. از اینرو کنترل مواجهه کارکنان امری ضروری بوده و بر این اساس در هرم سلسله مراتب کنترل خطر پیشنهادی از سوی اداره ایمنی و بهداشت کار آمریکا به ترتیب روشهای حذف ، جایگزینی ، مهندسی ، مدیریتی و وسایل حفاظت فردی بعنوان استراتژیهای اصلی کنترل خطر توصیه شده اند. در این میان کنترلهای مدیریتی توانستند با تغییر در روشهای عملیاتی و فرایندی به کنترل پرتوهای راداری در محیطهای کاری بپردازند و با داشتن مزایایی مانند هزینه کمتر ، سهولت کاربرد ، تنوع و کارایی از استقبال قابل توجهی در میان سازمانهای بین المللی برخوردار شوند[1]. آگاهی از این اقدامات مدیریتی که در چهارده گروه متنوع ( جدول یک) دسته بندی شده¬اند می تواند در ارتقای ایمنی تشعشعی کارکنان شاغل در صنایع دریایی مفید بوده و در برنامه ریزی و سیاستگذاری ایمنی و بهداشت شغلی این صنعت بکارگرفته شود. این مقاله سعی دارد تا در قالب نامه به سردبیر به این موضوع بپردازد