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Expert perspectives on the active role of patients in their safety: Toward a framework using Delphi methodology
Get PDFAims: To develop a framework for Patient Engagement in Patient Safety (PEPS) in
hospital.
Methods: The Delphi technique was embraced to involve a group of knowledgeable
healthcare experts in the discussion and rating of the components of the PEPS
framework. On a 5‐point Likert scale, every item was separately rated based on the
three aspects, which include applicability, clarity and validity. The PEPS framework
included items with 75% or more of participants scoring 4–5 on all three aspects.
Items not attaining 75% agreement on the aspects were either changed or discarded,
after the group discussion and underwent another round of rerating.
Results: A total of 17 members participated in the consensus‐building process.
Following two rounds of rating, the consensus was reached on the final framework
which consisted of 28 items in four dimensions, relating to healthcare professionals,
patients, community, and helth system, and three components substituted with
patient empowerment, effective communication and patient‐centeredness.
Conclusion: The development of PEPS framework is a stimulus to strengthen human
resources for health capabilities, sustain a high level of quality patient outcomes,
and improve the health system. Further studies to identify strategies are needed for
the successful implementation of this framework
Gender-specific estimates of sleep problems during the COVID-19 pandemic: Systematic review and meta-analysis
Get PDFSummary
The outbreak of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)
changed lifestyles
worldwide and subsequently induced individuals’ sleep problems. Sleep problems
have been demonstrated by scattered evidence among the current literature on
COVID-19;
however, little is known regarding the synthesised prevalence of sleep
problems (i.e. insomnia symptoms and poor sleep quality) for males and females separately.
The present systematic review and meta-analysis
aimed to answer the important
question regarding prevalence of sleep problems during the COVID-19
outbreak
period between genders. Using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews
and Meta-Analyses
guideline and Newcastle–Ottawa
Scale checklist, relevant studies
with satisfactory methodological quality searched for in five academic databases
(Scopus, PubMed Central, ProQuest, Web of Science , and EMBASE) were included and
analysed. The protocol of the project was registered in the International Prospective
Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO; identification code CRD42020181644).
A total of 54 papers (N = 67,722) in the female subgroup and 45 papers (N = 45,718) in
the male subgroup were pooled in the meta-analysis.
The corrected pooled estimated
prevalence of sleep problems was 24% (95% confidence interval [CI] 19%–29%)
for female
participants and 27% (95% CI 24%–30%)
for male participants. Although in both
gender subgroups, patients with COVID-19,
health professionals and general population
showed the highest prevalence of sleep problems, it did not reach statistical
significance. Based on multivariable meta-regression,
both gender groups had higher
prevalence of sleep problems during the lockdown period. Therefore, healthcare providers
should pay attention to the sleep problems and take appropriate preventive
action
Predicting Ability of Dynamic Balance in Construction Workers Based on Demographic Information and Anthropometric Dimensions
Get PDFBackground: Difficulties in walking and balance are risk factors for falling. This study aimed to predict
dynamic balance based on demographic information and anthropometric dimensions in construction
workers.
Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 114 construction workers in 2020. First, the
construction workers were asked to complete the demographic questionnaire determined in order to be
included in the study. Then anthropometric dimensions were measured. The dynamic balance of participants
was also assessed using the Y Balance test kit. Dynamic balance prediction was performed based
on demographic information and anthropometric dimensions using multiple linear regression with SPSS
software version 25.
Results: The highest average normalized reach distances of YBT were in the anterior direction and were
92.23 � 12.43% and 92.28 � 9.26% for right and left foot, respectively. Both maximal and average
normalized composite reach in the YBT in each leg were negatively correlated with leg length and
navicular drop and positively correlated with the ratio of sitting height to leg length. In addition, multiple
linear regressions showed that age, navicular drop, leg length, and foot surface could predict 23% of the
variance in YBT average normalized composite reach of the right leg, and age, navicular drop, and leg
length could predict 21% of that in the left leg among construction workers.
Conclusion: Approximately one-fifth of the variability in the normalized composite reach of dynamic
balance reach among construction workers using method YBT can be predicted by variables age,
navicular drop, leg length, and foot surface
Psychometric Properties of the Lasher and Faulkender Anxiety about Aging Scale (AAS) among Iranian Older Adults
Get PDFAbstract: (1) Background: The older adult population of society is exposed to multiple stressors
daily, such as the loss of loved ones, dysfunctional mobility, financial dependence, and suffering from
numerous chronic illnesses. The present study aimed to assess the psychometric properties of the
Anxiety about Aging Scale among older adults in Iran. (2) Methods: A sample of 703 communitydwelling
older adults was recruited and screened using a standardized tool. The mean age of
participants was 69.4 � 8.1 years. The majority of participants were male (59.2%), married (66.6%),
and illiterate (79.7%). A ‘forward-backward’ translation method was used in developing the Iranian
version of the AAS for assessing the psychometric properties among older adults. Confirmatory
factor analysis (CFA) and the Rasch model were used for construct validity. (3) Results: Applying
CFA indicated that the model’s four original factors are the best solution, representing 55% of the
total variance. The result of the CFA showed that this four-factor model had a good fit for the data.
The findings were also confirmed by Rasch analysis. (4) Conclusions: The Persian version of the AAS
is valid and reliable for measuring aging anxiety among Iranian older adults
Psychometric Properties of the Persian Generalized Trust Scale: Confirmatory Factor Analysis and Rasch Models and Relationship with Quality of Life, Happiness, and Depression
Get PDFThe psychometric properties of the Generalized Trust Scale (GTS) are well established.
Furthermore, previous studies have found that the GTS is positively associated with better
mental health and lower distress, and the literature finds that trust is good for mental
health. However, current literature does not have any psychometric evidence concerning
the Persian GTS. This study translated the GTS into Persian and validated its psychometric
properties. After translating the GTS into Persian using robust and standardized
translation procedure, 1200 Iranians (mean age = 34.83 years; 583 [48.6%] males) completed
the GTS, along with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Short
Form-12 (SF-12), and Oxford Happiness Questionnaire Short Form (OHQ-SF). The
factor structure of Persian GTS was confirmed by a unidimensional model with a method
factor (comparative fit index = 0.998; Tucker-Lewis index = 0.992). The unidimensional
model was also supported by Rasch analysis (mean square = 0.75 to 1.31). Other
properties of the Persian GTS were satisfactory. More specifically, test-retest reliability
was good (intraclass correlational coefficient = 0.865), internal consistency was good
(α = 0.881), and concurrent validity was supported (standardized β = − 0.086 with depression
in the HADS [p = 0.045]; = − 0.162 with anxiety in the HADS [p < 0.001]; =
0.077 with mental component score in the SF-12 [p = 0.044]; = 0.624 with OHQ-SF
[p < 0.001]). The six-item Persian GTS has promising psychometric properties and can be
an effective measure to assess trust among Iranians
The mediational role of trust in the healthcare system in the association between generalized trust and willingness to get COVID-19 vaccination in Iran
Get PDFFor some individuals, there appears to be some level of unwillingness in getting a COVID-19 vaccine which
may be due to trust issues. The present study used a mediation model to investigate how trust is
associated with an individual’s willingness to get COVID-19 vaccination among Iranians. A total of
10,843 Iranian adults were recruited in Qazvin province using a multistage stratified cluster sampling
method. The survey was completed between February 19 and April 9, 2021. The findings showed that
generalized trust was positively associated with trust in the healthcare system, trust in the healthcare
system was positively associated with willingness to get COVID-19 vaccination, and generalized trust was
positively associated with willingness to get COVID-19 vaccination. Also, trust in the healthcare system
mediated the association between generalized trust and willingness to get COVID-19 vaccination. There
were some significant demographic differences in COVID-19 vaccination willingness. The findings suggest
that generalized trust plays a significant role in directly or indirectly influencing individuals’ willingness to
get COVID-19 vaccine. Therefore, government bodies and health officials may utilize these findings to
appeal in a more transparent and professional manner in encouraging individuals to get a COVID-19
vaccine. However, for those with lower trust levels (in general and in the healthcare system), the focus may
be to re-build and/or regain the individuals’ trust through carefully planned transparent communication,
information dissemination, and ethical education to help increase the uptake of COVID-19 vaccination
