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Daytime Napping and Nighttime Sleep During Pregnancy and Preterm Birth in Iran
Get PDFObjectives: This study investigated the relationship between sleep quality during pregnancy and preterm birth.
Methods: This longitudinal study was conducted between August 2018 and May 2019. The participants were 150 pregnant women who had been referred to 7 healthcare centers in the city of Qazvin, Iran and met the inclusion criteria. The Petersburg Sleep Quality Index, the Epworth Sleepiness Scale, and 2 questions about daytime sleep status and a demographic questionnaire were administered at 14-18 weeks and 28-32 weeks of gestation. Data were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney test, the Fisher exact test, and univariate and multivariable logistic regression.
Results: In the present study, poor sleep quality affected 84.7% of the participants at 14-18 weeks and 93.3% at 28-32 weeks of gestation. The final model for preterm birth prediction incorporated age and the Petersburg Sleep Quality Index score in the second and third trimesters. Preterm birth increased by 14% with each unit increase in age. With each unit increase in the Petersburg Sleep Quality Index score in the second and third trimesters, preterm birth increased by 42% and 28%, respectively, but the p-values of these factors were not significant.
Conclusions: Although a significant percentage of pregnant women had poor sleep quality, no significant relationship was found between sleep quality during pregnancy and preterm birth
Leisure Activity Engagement as a Predictor for Quality of Life in Community‑Dwelling Older Adults
Get PDFIntroduction: Participation in leisure activities is greatly associated with the health and well‑being
of older adults. This study investigated the role of leisure activities in predicting the quality of life of
community-dwelling older adults. Methods: In this descriptive and cross‑sectional study, 141 older
adults were selected by cluster sampling method from public places. Data were collected through
demographic characteristics, leisure time activities, and Lipad QoL questionnaires. The questionnaires
were completed through face‑to‑face interviews. A regression model was used for data analysis.
Results: The mean age of older adult participants was 70.36 years (standard deviation = 8.99; range:
60–100 years) and 63.8% were male. The results also showed a low level of leisure time engagement
and high level of QoL among older adults. The results of the current study indicated that education
level and leisure time activity engagement were associated with a better QoL. Conclusion: According
to the results of this study, engagement in leisure activities is related to improvements in the QoL
of community‑dwelling older adults. It is recommended that policymakers and families plan for and
implement leisure time activities for older adults
Predictors of cognitive emotion regulation strategies: Iranian nurses
Get PDFBACKGROUND: Nurses have a challenging job and encounter more stressful situations. In
response to these situations, they demonstrate adaptive or maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation
strategies (CERS). As there is a lack of literature regarding the factors predicting the selection of
CERS , the present study aimed to investigate the role of age, sex, marital status, working experience,
type of ward, and education level in predicting these strategies in Iranian nurses.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: A descriptive correlational study was conducted to examine predictive
factors’ emotion regulation strategies used by 193 nurses who worked at six hospitals under the
supervision of Qazvin University of Medical Sciences in 2018. The study population were selected
by stratified random sampling method. Data were collected by two questionnaires, one demographic
questionnaire and the other was Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire conducted by
Garnefski (α = 0.8). Data analysis was performed using correlation and multiple linear regression.
RESULTS: The results showed that there is a significant relationship between the “type of ward”
and “age” with adaptive and maladaptive strategies. In the multiple linear regression model, two
variables of age (P = 0.03) and type of ward (P = 0.04) were able to predict 23% of variance CERS.
CONCLUSIONS: Based on the results of this study, health‑care providers and hospital managers
should pay attention to factors related to adaptive and maladaptive CERS
Wastewater Based Epidemiology Perspective as a Faster Protocol for Detecting Coronavirus RNA in Human Populations: A Review with Specific Reference to SARS-CoV-2 Virus
Get PDFAbstract: Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) has a long history of identifying a variety of
viruses from poliovirus to coronaviruses, including novel Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome
Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The presence and detection of SARS-CoV-2 in human feces and its
passage into the water bodies are significant public health challenges. Hence, the hot issue of WBE
of SARS-CoV-2 in the coronavirus respiratory disease (COVID-19) pandemic is a matter of utmost
importance (e.g., SARS-CoV-1). The present review discusses the background, state of the art, actual
status, and prospects of WBE, as well as the detection and quantification protocols of SARS-CoV-2
in wastewater. The SARS-CoV-2 detection studies have been performed in different water matrixes
such as influent and effluent of wastewater treatment plants, suburban pumping stations, hospital
wastewater, and sewer networks around the globe except for Antarctica. The findings revealed
that all WBE studies were in accordance with clinical and epidemiological data, which correlates
the presence of SARS-CoV-2 ribonucleic acid (RNA) with the number of new daily positive cases
officially reported. This last was confirmed via Reverse Transcriptase-quantitative Polymerase Chain
Reaction (RT-qPCR) testing which unfortunately is not suitable for real-time surveillance. In addition,
WBE concept may act as a faster protocol to alert the public health authorities to take administrative
orders (possible re-emerging infections) due to the impracticality of testing all citizens in a short time
with limited diagnostic facilities. A comprehensive and integrated review covering all steps starting from sampling to molecular detection of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater has been made to guide for the
development well-defined and reliable protocols
Predicting psychological factors affecting regular physical activity in hypertensive patients: Application of health action process approach model
Get PDFAim: The aim of this study was to determine the factors affecting the behaviour of
regular physical activity in patients with hypertension using the health action process
approach (HAPA) model.
Design: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 176 hypertension patients, in
Astaneh-e-Ashrafiyeh, Guilan, Iran, 2018–2019.
Methods: Data collection tools included demographic characteristics, medical history, the short form of International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) and
scales related to the HAPA model. The data were analysed using chi-square, independent t test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient and path analysis
on AMOS, version 23.0.
Results: Action self-efficacy (β = 0.59), outcome expectancy (β = 0.20) and risk perception (β = 0.18) had a statistically significant effect on intention. Moreover, the
path coefficient between intention (β = 0.35) and coping self-efficacy (β = 0.29) with
physical activity was statistically significant. The results revealed that HAPA constructs were able to describe 45% of the variance in intention and 31% of the variance in physical activity behaviour.
Conclusion: The HAPA model is a useful framework for describing the factors affecting physical activity in hypertension patients
A theory of planned behavior-enhanced intervention to promote health literacy and self-care behaviors of type 2 diabetic patients
Get PDFBackground. Improved health literacy and awareness could help type 2 diabetic patients to control the disease complications. Objective. The current study aimed to evaluate the impact of theory-based educational intervention on health literacy and self-care behaviors of type 2 diabetic patients in Tonekabon city. Methods. This randomized controlled trial study was conducted at health care centers in Tonekabon city, Iran, from April 5, 2017, to October 22, 2018. Using multistage random sampling, 166 patients with type 2 diabetes divided into two groups: theory-based intervention (n = 83) and custom education (n = 83). The data collection tools consisted of demographic information, The-ory of Planned Behavior (TPB) measures, health literacy for Ira-nian adults (HELIA) and summary of diabetes self-care activities (SDSCA). The five 45-minute group training sessions based on the baseline assessment and model constructs along with the targeted pamphlet and m-health strategy were designed for the experimen-tal group. Data were analyzed using chi-square, independent and paired t-test and Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). Results. After controlling for pre-test effect, there was a signifi-cant difference between the two groups in terms of mean scores of attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavior control and inten-tion in post-test (P < 0.001). Also, after controlling for the pre-test effect, the results showed a significant difference in the self-care domain in the post-test (P < 0.001). Finally, after controlling for the pre-test variable effect, covariance analysis reflects signifi-cant difference in total health literacy score and its dimension at posttest (P < 0.001). Conclusions. Applying TPB based education is suggested to maintain and improve self-care behaviors and health literacy in type 2 diabetic patients and other chronic disease
Association between abcc8 ala1369ser polymorphism (Rs757110 t/g) and type 2 diabetes risk in an Iranian population: A case-control study
Get PDFObjective: Glucose metabolism increases ATP/ADP ratio within the β-cells and causes ATP-sensitive K+
(KATP) channel closure and consequently insulin secretion. The enhanced activity of the channel may be a
mechanism contributing to the reduced first-phase of insulin secretion observed in T2DM. There is no study to
date in the Kurdish ethnic group regarding the relationship between SNP Ala1369Ser (rs757110 T/G) of SUR1
gene and T2DM, and additionally, the results of this association in other populations are inconsistent. Therefore,
our aim in this study was to explore the possible association between SNP Ala1369Ser and type 2 diabetes in an
Iranian Kurdish ethnic group.
Methods: In this study, we checked out the frequency of alleles and genotypes of SNP Ala1369Ser in T2DM
individuals (207 patients; men/women: 106/101) and non-T2DM subjects (201 controls; men/women: 97/104),
and their effects on anthropometric, clinical, and biochemical parameters. Genomic DNA was extracted from the
leukocytes of blood specimens using a standard method. We amplified the ABCC8 rs757110 polymorphic site
(T/G) using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method and a designed primer pair. To perform the PCR-RFLP
method, the amplicons were subjected to restriction enzymes and the resulting fragments separated by gel
electrophoresis.
Results: The frequency of the G-allele of Ala1369Ser polymorphism was significantly (0.01) higher in the case
group than the control group (19% vs. 9%, respectively). In the dominant model (TT vs. TG+GG), there was a
significant relationship between this SNP and an increased risk of T2DM (P = 0.00). T2DM patients with TG+GG
genotypes had significantly higher fasting plasma insulin and HOMA-IR than those who had the TT genotype (P
= 0.02 and 0.01, respectively).
Conclusion: Our study is the first study to investigate the association between Ala1369Ser ABCC8 genetic
variation and T2DM in the Kurdish population of western Iran. The obtained results clearly show that Ala1369Ser
polymorphism of ABCC8 is associated with an increased risk of T2DM in this population
