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Effects of Exosomes Derived From Helicobacter pylori Outer Membrane Vesicle-Infected Hepatocytes on Hepatic Stellate Cell Activation and Liver Fibrosis Induction
Full text linkLiver fibrosis is a multifactorial disease with microbial and non-microbial causes. In recent
years, Helicobacter pylori infection has been thought to play a critical role in some extragastrointestinal manifestations especially liver disorders. Outer membrane vesicles
(OMVs) are one of the most important discussed H. pylori virulence factors. In the
current study, four different clinical strains of H. pylori were collected and their OMVs
were purified using ultra-centrifugation. To investigate their effects on liver cell exosomes,
co-incubation with hepatocytes was applied. After a while, hepatocyte-derived exosomes
were extracted and incubated with hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) to investigate the HSC
activation and fibrosis marker induction. The expression of a-SMA, TIMP-1, b-catenin,
vimentin, and e-cadherin messenger RNAs (mRNA) was assessed using real-time RTPCR, and the protein expression of a-SMA, TIMP-1, b-catenin, vimentin, and e-cadherin
was evaluated by Western blotting. Our results showed that infected hepatocyte-derived
exosomes induced the expression of a-SMA, TIMP-1, b-catenin, and vimentin in HSCs
and e-cadherin gene and protein expression was downregulated. In the current study, we
found that H. pylori-derived OMVs may aid the exosome alternation and modified
exosomes may have a possible role in HSC activation and liver fibrosis progression
Fast and non-destructive determination of histamine in tuna fish by ATR-FTIR spectroscopy combined with PLS calibration method
Full text linkHerein, attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy as a non-destructive, rapid and robust method (Mid, 600-4000 cm-1) has been examined for the determination of Histamine in tuna fish. For this purpose, a partial least squares regression (PLS-R) with two wavelength selection methods (IPLS and GA) was applied as a multivariate calibration method and the calibration model was developed by cross validation method. After the evaluation of the model on the unknown sample, the results showed that root mean square error of cross validation (RMSECV=1.10) and root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP= 1.65) were smaller for GA-PLS and correlation coefficient (Rpred 2 =0.99) were higher than the i-PLS (RMSECV=3.16, RMSEP= 3.80, Rpred 2 =0.96). The lower quantification limit was obtained, 4.68 ppm for GA-PLS in a concentration range from 5 to 100 ppm. Hence the results
illustrate that ATR/FTIR spectroscopy with PLS can be a feasible method for quick and reliable quantitative analysis of Histamine in the fish products industry
Diagnostic value of NIPT assay for fetal aneuploidy screening in pregnant women with moderate risk of trisomy in first stage screening
Full text linkIntroduction: Aneuploidies are of the most important fetal abnormalities. Diagnostic value and efficacy of NIPT assay in the groups with abnormal results for first trimester combined screening test is not well defined. Therefore, this study was performed aimed to survey the sensitivity and specificity of NIPT for aneuploidies diagnosis in women with moderate risk for trisomy at first trimester combined screening test.
Methods: This prospective cohort study was performed in 2017-2018 on 447 women with singleton pregnancy and gestational age of 11 to 13 weeks and 6 days who had moderate risk for trisomy. NIPT analysis was done in all women with moderate risk (1/250 to 1/1500) and was compared with the results from karyotype and phenotype analysis in neonates. NIPT diagnostic accuracy for chromosomal abnormalities was calculated. Data were analyzed using SPSS statistical software (version 22).
Results: Two cases with trisomy 21 (0.06%) and one case with trisomy 18 (0.03%) were diagnosed. These three cases were confirmed with amniocentesis and the pregnancy was ended. The neonates' analysis showed normal phenotype results in all of them and NIPT diagnostic accuracy for trisomy 21 and 18 was calculated 100%.
Conclusion: In addition to maintain combined screening test benefits, using NIPT is accompanied by high diagnostic accuracy for fetal chromosomal abnormalities assessment
Developing decision model for the outsourcing of medical service delivery in the public hospitals
Full text linkAbstract
Background: The decision to outsource an activity is one of the most complex organizational decisions. This decision is also infuenced by several factors and components. In order to facilitate and optimize it, for the frst time in this
study, a decision model for outsourcing medical service delivery in public hospitals has been developed.
Methods: We conducted this cross-sectional study in 3 stages: 1) We identifed the factors afecting the outsourcing
decisions, 2) an expert panel identifed the infuential factors. After standardization, we distributed 220 questionnaires
among university staf managers and heads, nursing managers, and managers of the research units, and 3) Structural
Equation Model applied to evaluate the relationship between the variables on AMOS22, at 0.05 signifcant level.
Results: Findings indicated the optimal level of all ft indices. The path coefcient between all identifed factors with
the outsourcing decision was positive (t>1.96). Factors ranging from the most efective to least efective included
monitoring and control, service type, human resource, economic and fnancial, executive capability, external environment, and terms and conditions.
Conclusion: The proposed model provides unit evaluation to make the appropriate decision on outsourcing or
non-outsourcing. Control and monitoring were the most determining factors. We recommend performing monitoring continuously as a guide and deterrent to error. We also recommend continuous monitoring and control over the
quality of outsourced units and stakeholder satisfaction.
Keywords: Outsourcing, Hospital, Medical service, Decision mode
Pregnant Women in the Exposure to COVID-19 Infection Outbreak: The Unseen Risk Factors and Preventive Healthcare Patterns
Full text linkThese days, the most important health challenge in the world is the outbreak of novel coronavirus (COVID-
19) infection. In December 2019, this viral disease originated as human-to-human transmission (HHT) in
China's Wuhan city and then epidemically spread around the globe [1]. Based on the WHO data, HHT
happens with close contact through sneezing and producing the respiratory droplets of infected individuals.
There are two possible transmission routs for COVID-19: (i) settling these droplets in the mouth or nasal
mucosa and lungs of people with inhaled air, and (ii) touching the disease-ridden surfaces or infected objects
and subsequently touching hands to the mouth, nose, or eyes [2]. Due to the convenient ways to transmit
viral infection, the aggressive prevalence of COVID-19 pneumonia, and its extensive social and economic
impacts, there is an urgent need to explore health management tactics for slowing down the transmission
of COVID-19 and decreasing the related-illness and death rate. It has been proven that this viral infection
has a more pronounced effect on the elderly and patients with underlying diseases (e.g., hypertension,
diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), etc.) [3] Pregnant women are one of the most critical
population groups with a need to take additional precautions against the Covid-19 outbreak as a high risk
of vertical transmission of COVID-19 in the late third trimester has been reported [4,5]. Besides, the
presence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and preeclampsia in pregnancy may significantly weaken
the immune system and increase the risk of COVID-19 infection. In the recent decade, there has been a
profound demand for utilizing the in vitro fertilization (IVF) procedure among infertile couples. Studies
have shown that the risk of developing GDM and preeclampsia in women treated with IVF is much greater
than with women who conceived naturally [6,7]. Therefore, there is a higher risk of Accepted
ManuscriptCOVID-19 infection in women undergoing IVF. The prenatal anxiety, depression, and stress
are also considered as prevalent public health issues in pregnant women. These psychological reactions can
result in adverse birth outcomes such as miscarriage, preterm birth, low birth weight, and fetal death. Under
the COVID-19 outbreak, stressor anxiety-related concerns of mothers about their health and the health of
their babies are growing exponentially. In nulliparous pregnant women, the adverse mood symptoms
accompanied by childbirth fear may have irreversible effects on mother and child health. As a result, a set
of health management practices in the event of COVID-19 outbreak must be adopted not only during late
pregnancy but also during the first 3 months partu
بررسی اثر محافظتی باواچینین بر سمیت کبدی القا شده توسط تتراکلرید کربن در رت
Full text linkچکیده
مقدمه : آسیب کبدی ناشی از مواد شیمیایی از جمله داروها علت بسیاری از بیماریهای کبدی است. مطالعات زیادی نشان داده است که عوامل آنتی اکسیدانت و ضد التهاب می توانند آسیب کبدی ناشی از داروها و سموم را به میزان قابل توجهی کاهش دهند. کربن تتراکلرید (Carbon tetrachloride) یک حلال آلی است که بطور گسترده ای به عنوان یک مدل سمیت کبدی در حیوانات آزمایشگاهی مورداستفاده قرار می گیرد. باواچینین دارای اثرات آنتی اکسیدانت، ضد التهاب و ضد آپوپتوز می باشد.لذا در این مطالعه اثرات محافظتی باواچینین در برابر سمیت کبدی ناشی از تتراکلرید کربن در رت های نر بالغ مورد مطالعه قرار می گیرد.
روشها: در این مطالعه تمام تزریقات مواد مختلف که در زیر آورده شده است به صورت داخل پریتوئن انجام شده و جهت انجام آزمایش و دریافت نتایج حاصل،از سرم یا بافت کبدی رت ها نمونه دریافت شد و آزمایشات لازم بر روی آن انجام گردید. رت ها به 4 گروه تقسیم شدند(هر گروه 7 رت):
1. گروه کنترل : بافر سیترات پتاسیم به عنوان حامل باواچینین به صورت تزریق داخل پریتوئن به مدت 4 هفته تجویز شد. روغن زیتون به عنوان حامل تترا کلرید کربن به صورت تزریق داخل پریتوئن 2 بار در هفته به مدت 4 هفته تجویز شد.
2. گروه باواچینین : باواچینین با دوز 5 میلی گرم بر کیلوگرم به صورت تزریق داخل پریتوئن به صورت روزانه به مدت 4 هفته دریافت می کنند.
3. گروه تتراکلرید کربن : تتراکلرید کربن در روغن زیتون (به نسبت1:1( به میزان 1 میلی لیتر بر کیلو گرم به صورت داخل پریتوئن 2 بار در هفته به مدت 4 هفته دریافت می کنند.
4. گروه درمان : تتراکلرید کربن در روغن زیتون ( به نسبت1:1( به میزان 1 میلی لیتر بر کیلو گرم 2 بار در هفته و باواچینین با دوز 5 میلی گرم بر کیلوگرم ، یک بار در روز به صورت داخل پریتوئن به مدت 4 هفته دریافت می کنند. تزریق باواچینین بلافاصله پس از اولین دوز تتراکلرید کربن شروع می شود.
یافته ها : نتایج مطالعه ما نشان داد که تزریق همزمان باواچینین و تتراکلرید کربن اثرات هپاتوتوکسیک تتراکلرید کربن را به میزان قابل ملاحظه ای کاهش میدهد. به طوری که دیده شد در تزریق همزمان باواچینین و تتراکلرید کربن میزان آنزیم های کبدی شامل ALP،ALT،AST و MDA نسبت به حالتی که تتراکلرید کربن به تنهایی تزریق میشود کاهش قابل ملاحظه ای دارد،بنابراین همانطور که پیشبینی میشد باواچینین اثر محافظتی قابل توجهی بر روی سمیت کبدی ناشی از تتراکلرید کربن دارد.
نتیجه گیری کلی : باواچینین اثر بسیار مناسبی در محافظت از کبد در برابر مسمومیت کبدی ایجاد شده توسط مواد و داروهای هپاتوتوکسیک دارد.
کلمات کلیدی : سمیت کبدی ، باواچینین ، تتراکلریدکربن ، آنتی اکسیدا
Iranian Adolescents' Experiences of Domestic Violence: A Qualitative Study
Full text linkBackground and Objectives: Children, especially adolescents, are one of the main victims of domestic violence,
who have received less attention despite their vulnerability to this social problem. This study was conducted to
determine the adolescents' perspectives and experiences of domestic violence and parental disputes in order to
improve our understanding of the various aspects of this social problem for planning the necessary measures to
reduce it.
Methods: The present qualitative study was performed with a content analysis approach. The data were
collected using semi-Structural interviews. The participants were students aged 12 to 16 years. Purposeful
sampling with maximum variation in terms of socioeconomic status, age and gender was performed. In total, 33
interviews were conducted by two interviewers.
Results: A total of 4 categories, 11 subcategories and 120 themes were extracted as the adolescents'
experiences. By summarizing and combining similar themes, the main categories included adolescents'
psychological reactions and activities at home and in the school, domestic violence outcomes and cause of
violence. The most important cause of violence was socio-economic status of the family, especially father's
unemployment. Adolescents who had experienced domestic violence had higher tendencies toward highrisk behavior and academic failure.
Conclusion: According to adolescents' views, socio-economic factors play an important role in the occurrence of
domestic violence and can lead to unpleasant social experiences and social harms in their future lives. Therefore,
it is necessary for parents, teachers, and policy makers to adopt effective measured to reduce this social
problem.
Keywords: Domestic violence, Adolescents, Content analysis, Qualitative study, Ira
Chemical composition, biological activities, and nutritional application of Asteraceae family herbs: A systematic review
Full text linkMedicinal herbs, including the Asteraceae family (AF), have different antimicrobial and
therapeutic effects. Therefore, they can be used as health factors in the food and medicinal
industries. In this systematic review, the essential information was collected from the relevant
databases, e.g., PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar based on medicinal herbs, AF,
essential oil, antimicrobial, antioxidant, therapeutic effect, and COVID-19 keywords. AF can
be used as safe preservatives and food additives with a specific amount of consumption in
the food industry thanks to their good flavor, antioxidant and antimicrobial effect. Due to
their therapeutic effects, they can improve the health role of food. AF herbs contain important
bioactive compounds, but not all of them can be used as medicine and food supplements
since yarrow, chamomile, and artichoke exhibit toxic effects in high dosage, therefore, the
consumption of these herbs should be considered to not endanger the health of the consume
Prevalence of foodborne and zoonotic viral pathogens in raw cow milk samples
Full text linkFoodborne and zoonotic viral pathogens are responsible for substantial morbidity and mortality
worldwide. These viruses can be transmitted through foods such as dairy products to humans and
cause several acute and chronic diseases. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and profile
of different foodborne and zoonotic viruses in raw cow milk samples. We collected 492 raw cow
milk samples from local dairy markets in Qazvin, Iran. Then, we evaluated the presence of hepatitis
A virus, noroviruses, rotavirus, astrovirus, bovine leukaemia virus (BLV), and tick-borne
encephalitis virus (TBEV) in samples using conventional and nested RT-PCR methods. We found
that 34.95, 7.72, 25.81, 14.63, 66.86, 12.80, and 21.34% of raw milk samples were contaminated
with norovirus GI, norovirus GII, hepatitis A virus, rotavirus, astrovirus, BLV and TBEV viruses,
respectively. Interestingly, the samples collected from the city's south area revealed a higher
prevalence of foodborne and zoonotic viruses. Astrovirus and its combination with norovirus GI
were the most prevalent virus profiles. Also, the highest correlations were observed among the
presence of rotavirus and hepatitis A viruses (0.36) and TBEV and norovirus GII (0.31).
Considering the prevalence rate and virus profiles of different foodborne and zoonotic viruses in
raw milk samples, hygiene practices and the pasteurization process are strongly suggested to be
conducted throughout the cow milk production chain and in dairy industries to prevent infections
with these pathogens