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Efficacy of XP-endo Finisher File on the Removal of Calcium Hydroxide from the Root Canals: An In Vitro Study
Full text linkComparison of Fracture Resistance of the Endodontically Treated Roots with Two Sealer Types: An In Vitro Study
Full text linkارزیابی مقایسه ای ثبات رنگ پلی اتر اتر کتون) PEEK ( و سرامیک های فلدسپاتیک درمواجهه با نوشیدنی های رنگی رایج
Full text linkبررسی آزمایشگاهی ریز نشت فیشور سیلانت متعاقب آماده سازی مینای دندان توسط هیپوکلریت و استفاده از ادهزیو رزین مدیفاید گلس آینومر
Full text linkErrors and Preventive Measures of Health‑Care Systems during COVID‑19 Pandemic
Full text linkDear Editor,
With the COVID‑19 death toll being on a rise in some
countries, Managers must be aware of the immense
mounts of stress that workers endure. Human factors
such as stress, load of duties, and fatigue can lead to an
increase in medical errors. These effects are significantly
more visible in health workers who face large number of
COVID‑19 patients. Safety of these health workers can
be improved by workplace assessment by mean hazard
identification. Health‑care workers are constantly exposed
to different risk factors in workplace such as excessive
fatigue due to long working hours without adequate
rest.[1] Hence, assessment of their quality of working life
is of importance, especially in pandemics. Working on the
front line is a risk factor for worse mental health outcomes
and burnout in this group.[2] All these human factors and
also a lack of knowledge can lead to an increase in medical
errors. It is therefore necessary to control these errors by
taking safety measures that focus on reducing the severity,
frequency of occurrence, or both. Some common preventive
measures are:
• Virtual safety training courses and...
High level of resistance to metronidazole and clarithromycin among Helicobacter pylori clinical isolates in Qazvin province, Iran
Full text linkresistance. We aimed to investigate the prevalence and mechanism of antibiotic resistance to metronidazole and
clarithromycin in H. pylori isolates collected from patients with gastrointestinal symptoms in Qazvin, Iran. In this
cross-sectional study, antibiotic susceptibility testing to clarithromycin and metronidazole was performed among
80 clinical strains isolated from H. pylori-positive dyspeptic patients referred to Qazvin hospital from July 2018
to November 2018. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing tests were performed to determine the type
of mutations in the rdxA gene in metronidazole-resistant isolates, and the 23SrRNA gene in clarithromycinresistant
isolates. Thirteen (40.6%) and Twenty-one (65.6%) isolates were resistant to clarithromycin and
metronidazole, respectively. 37.5% and 59.4% of clarithromycin and metronidazole resistant isolates had
MIC>256. In clarithromycin-resistant isolates, mutations in the 23SrRNA gene was seen at A2143G (15.6%),
A2142G (9.4%), C2195T (6.3%), C2244T (3.1%), and G2212A (3.1%) locations. In one isolate, three simultaneous
mutations were recorded in locations A2143G, G2110A, and C2121T. Mutations in the rdxA gene in
metronidazole-resistant isolates, were missense. High resistance to metronidazole and clarithromycin antibiotics
were seen in H. pylori isolates in Qazvin province. This is the first report of new mutation sites G2212A, G2110A,
and C2121T on the 23SrRNA gene in clarithromycin-resistant isolates. It is necessary to evaluate the current
situation in terms of resistance and identify the mechanisms involved in its occurrence for the successful
treatment of infections caused by this organism
Phylogenetic analysis and antibiotic resistance of Shigella sonnei isolates
Full text linkShigellosis is one of the most important gastric infections caused by different species of Shigella,
and has been regarded as a serious threat to public health. Lineage/sublineage profile of Shigella
sonnei is strongly associated with the antibiotic resistance and population structure of this
pathogen. In this study, we determined the phylogeny and antibiotic resistance profiles of S. sonnei
strains, isolated from 1246 stool and 580 food samples, using multiplex PCR-HRMA genotyping
and Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion methods, respectively. A total of 64 S. sonnei strains were isolated
(13 food and 51 clinical isolates). Multiplex PCR-HMR assay was able to differentiate the lineages
II and III, and sublineages IIIb and IIIc strains successfully considering the definite melting curves
and temperatures. Lineage I and sublineage IIIa strain were not isolated in this study. We also
demonstrated that most of the S. sonnei strains isolated from both food and clinical samples
clustered within the lineage III and sublineage IIIc. Resistance against trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, and streptomycin antibiotics were the most
prevalent phenotypes among the S. sonnei lineage III and sublineage IIIc strains
