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PIWI-interacting RNAs: new biomarkers for diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer
Get PDFCancer is one of the most important reasons of mortality in the world. However, there are several therapeutic platforms to treat patients who suffering from cancer common treatments such as surgery, chemotherapy and etc.
The current therapeutic approaches are related to some limitations. Hence, more understanding about molecular
mechanisms that involved in cancer particularly in breast cancer pathogenesis, could contribute to provide better
therapeutic platforms. Recently, non-coding RNAs such as microRNAs have attracted researchers’ attention in the field
of cancer due to their functions in gene expression’s regulation and functional interactions with other molecules.
Interestingly, great advances in next-generation sequencing lead to considering other roles for another non-coding
RNAs subgroup called PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) in addition to their functions in the germline. Novel studies
investigated the role of piRNAs in several cancers including lung cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, gastric cancer,
multiple myeloma and colorectal cancer. Hopefully, based on new findings, piRNAs may be a potential biomarker
which can be used as a tool to diagnose or treat breast cancer. Thus, this review aimed to discuss the role of piRNAs in
breast cancer progression and metastasis as well as its molecular mechanisms
The effect of low-power laser therapy on the TGF/β signaling pathway in chronic kidney disease: A review
Get PDFObjective: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of low-power lasers on kidney disease by investigating several studies.
Methods: A number of articles from 1998 to 2019 were chosen from the sources of PubMed, Scopus, and only the articles studying the effect of low-power lasers on kidney disease were investigated.
Results: After reviewing the literature, 21 articles examining only the effects of low-power lasers on kidney disease were found. The results of these studies showed that the parameter of the low-power laser would result in different outcomes. So, a low-power laser with various parameters can be effective in the treatment of kidney diseases such as acute kidney disease, diabetes, glomerulonephritis, nephrectomy, metabolic syndrome, and kidney fibrosis. Most studies have shown that low-power lasers can affect TGFβ1 signaling which is the most important signaling in the treatment of renal fibrosis.
Conclusion: Lasers can be effective in reducing or enhancing inflammatory responses, reducing fibrosis factors, and decreasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in kidney disease and glomerular cell proliferation
Factor Structure and Psychometric Properties of Zung SelfRating Depression Scale in Women with a Sick Child
Get PDFBackground: Considering the necessity of using a valid and reliable tool to assess depression in women
and the lack of similar tools in Iran, the purpose of this study was to investigate the psychometric properties
of the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale (ZSDS) with an emphasis on factor analysis among Iranian
women with sick children..
Methods: In the cross-sectional psychometric study, 102 eligible women were selected by multistage
cluster sampling from various environments such as healthcare centers, hospitals, and public and private
institutions, who completed the ZSDS. The reliability of the questionnaire was assessed using testretest and
internal consistency, and its validity was tested by confirmatory factor analysis (CFA).
Results: Cronbach's alpha coefficients for the total scale were equal to 0.73, and high test-retest reliability
indicated the appropriate reliability of ZSDS. The CFA results indicated a poor fit of the model in
determining the factors as initially expressed in ZSDS. After removing six questions with low factor
loadings and freeing the covariance error between the two questions, the model was adequately fitted
(CMIN/DF= 1.3, CFI= 0.92, TLI= 0.90, GFI= 0.89).Conclusions: Based on our study, the ZSDS is convenient for identifying clinically significant depressive
symptoms among women with sick children.
Keywords: Child, Psychometric, Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale, Wome
The Effect of Warm Foot Bath on the Consciousness Level of Patients With Head Trauma
Get PDFBackground Head trauma can cause decreased consciousness level and reduced ability to respond to
the environment, leading to impaired cognitive, perceptual and sensory functions in people. One of the
techniques that can help improve the brain function is warm bath.
Objective The aim of this study was to determine the effect of warm foot bath on the level of consciousness
in patients with head trauma.
Methods This is a clinical trial using control group conducted on 50 patients with head trauma having
Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score of 5-12 admitted to the intensive care unit of Shahid Rajaee Hospital
in Qazvin, Iran from June to December 2017. They were selected using a convenience sampling method
and randomly assigned into two groups of intervention and control. Intervention included a warm foot
bath for 7 days, once a day for 15 minutes, and their GCS score was recorded before, one hour and three
hours after the intervention. Data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA, chi-square, t-test,
and descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation).
Findings The mean consciousness level of subjects in the intervention group was significantly higher
than in the control group after warm foot bath (P<0.05). Three hours after warm foot bath, the mean
consciousness level was 9.32± 1.86 in the intervention group and 8.44±2.48 in the control group which
was significantly different (P=0.005).
Conclusion Warm foot bath can increase the level of consciousness in patients with head trauma
Associations Between Fear of COVID-19, Mental Health, and Preventive Behaviours Across Pregnant Women and Husbands: An Actor-Partner Interdependence Modelling
Get PDFThe present cross-sectional study examined the actor-partner interdependence effect of fear of COVID-19 among Iranian pregnant women and their husbands and its association with their mental health and preventive behaviours during the first wave of the COVID19 pandemic in 2020. A total of 290 pregnant women and their husbands (N=580)were randomly selected from a list of pregnant women in the Iranian Integrated Health System and were invited to respond to psychometric scales assessing fear of COVID-19, depression, anxiety, suicidal intention, mental quality of life, and COVID-19 preventive behaviours. The findings demonstrated significant dyadic relationships between husbands and their pregnant wives' fear of COVID-19, mental health, and preventive behaviours.Pregnant wives’ actor effect of fear of COVID-19 was significantly associated with depression, suicidal intention, mental quality of life, and COVID-19 preventive behaviours but not anxiety. Moreover, a husband actor effect of fear of COVID-19 was significantly associated with depression, anxiety, suicidal intention, mental quality of life, and COVID-19 preventive behaviours. Additionally, there were significant partner effects observed for both the pregnant wives and their husbands concerning all outcomes. The present study used a cross-sectional design and so is unable to determine the mechanism or causal ordering of the effects. Also, the data are mainly based on selfreported measures which have some limitations due to its potential for social desirability and recall biases. Based on the findings, couples may benefit from psychoeducation that focuses on the effect of mental health problems on pregnant women and the foetus
Effectiveness of group counseling and cognitive behavioral therapy on self-regulation, self-efficacy and the prevalence of internet addiction among students of QUMS
Get PDFAbstract
Background and objective: Studies highlight high prevalence of psychological and psychiatric problems among students with internet addiction (IA). Given that the pathological mechanism of IA is similar to substance abuse and gambling disorder, group cognitive-behavioral therapy (GCBT) is an efficient strategy to solve the problem of internet addiction in college students. The present study was to determine the effect of group CBT on self-control, self-efficacy and prevalence of IA among students of Qazvin University of Medical Sciences (QUMS).
Methods: This randomized controlled trial was performed on 60 students of QUMS which were addicted to the internet. Participants were randomly divided into control (without intervention) and treatment group (GCBT). The experimental group participated in a GCBT program consisted of 10 two-hour sessions based on psychosocial training, cognitive reconstruction, behavior modification and improving emotion regulation. Data were collected using demographic information, Yang IA Test, Brief self-control scale and Compulsive Internet Usage Scale before and 3 months after GCBT. The data were analyzed using SPSS 23.0 and independent and paired t-test, chi-square and ANCOVA were used for data analysis.
Results: General self-efficacy (from 21.90±5.1 to 27.31±3.9, F= 46.131, df = 1, P<0.001) and self-control (from 33.03±4.7 to 44.78±6.1, F= 59.252, df = 1, P<0.001) were significantly improved in the experimental group after GCBT. Also, compulsive internet use (from 41.41±6.35 to 25.13±3.97, F= 163.359, df = 1, P<0.001) and IA (from 60.83±9.95 to 36.10±5.16, F= 183.302, df = 1, P<0.001) were significantly reduced in the experimental group after GCBT.
Conclusion: GCBT was effective in dealing with IA in college students and was also found to improve the psychological variables affecting IA.
Keywords: prevalence Internet Addiction, Cognitive Behavior Therapy-self regulation- self efficac
Prevalence of Intestinal Parasites among Rural Inhabitants of Fouman, Guilan Province, Northern Iran with Emphasis on Strongyloides stercoralis
Get PDFBackground: Intestinal parasitic infections (IPIs) are among the most important etiologies
of gastrointestinal disorders in developing countries. The present study was performed to
determine the prevalence of IPIs in rural inhabitants of Fouman, northern Iran.
Methods: Overall, 31 villages were randomly selected during 2015-2016. Stool samples
were collected from 1500 inhabitants aged 2-87. The samples were examined by direct wet
smear, formalin ethyl-acetate concentration and agar plate culture. Trichrome staining and
modified acid-fast staining were used as confirmatory tests for intestinal amoeba and flagellates and cryptosporidium spp., respectively. Data were analyzed with Chi-Square and Fisher
exact tests using SPSS.
Results: 8.06% of participants were positive for at least one intestinal parasite. The prevalence of mixed parasitic infections was 0.87%. The most prevalent IPIs were caused by Trichostrongylus spp. (3.13%), followed by Strongyloides stercoralis (1.5%), Giardia lamblia (1.3%),
and Entamoeba coli (1.0%), Blastocystis hominis (0.86%), E. histolytica/dispar (0.53%), Endolimax
nana (0.26%), Iodamoeba butschlii (0.13%), Trichuris trichiura (0.07%), Enterobius vermicularis
(0.07%), Hook worm (0.07%) and E. hartmani (0.07%). Statistically, the prevalence of IPIs
showed significant differences regarding the age groups, education status, occupation
(P<0.001), and the habit of eating raw vegetables (P<0.007), whereas, the differences were
insignificant with regard to sex (P=0.924) and water supply (P=0.088).
Conclusion: The prevalence of IPIs, especially soil-transmitted helminthes (STHs) has
sharply decreased in northern Iran. Excluding Trichostrongylus spp. and S. stercoralis, other
intestinal parasites only produce a marginal and unnoticeable health problem in this area,
toda
Epidemiological and Clinical Features of Acute Poisoning in Children in a Referral Teaching Hospital in Iran, 2015 - 2018
Get PDFBackground: Poisoning is one of the most common medical emergencies in young children. Substantial differences in socioeconomic and cultural situations cause various epidemiological patterns of acute poisoning with different poisonous agents.
Objectives: We aimed to determine the extent of pediatric poisoning in a referral teaching hospital in the center of Iran.
Methods: The electronic database of Qods Children Hospital in Qazvin, Iran, was searched for children younger than 12 years old
and referred for acute poisoning from 2015 to 2018. The cases (n = 184) were classified according to their age, gender, symptoms at
the time of admission, the toxins, and their types.
Results: The frequency of poisoning in boys was more than girls (M/F = 1.49). The mean age of the patients was 3.4 years, and the
average length of stay in hospital was 1.3 days. Children poisoned with petroleum products had the highest average stay (3.10 days).
Although more than 65 agents were identified as the poisoning agents, narcotics were the most common category (n = 62, 33.7%),
and methadone was the most common agent in our study (n = 46, 25%). Central nervous system symptoms were recorded more than
other signs and symptoms on admission or during the stay. Only two patients (1.1%) had been discharged with complications.
Conclusions: With predominance for boys, most of the children had toxicity with medications. Methadone, other narcotics, and
psychotropic medications were the most common agents that indicate a need for more severe control and education for prevention
from poisoning in children.
Keywords: Poisoning, Child, Narcotics, Epidemiolog
Prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders in firefighters and its association with insomnia
Get PDFMusculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are among the main underlying reasons for
decreased productivity at workplace. Awkward working posture, forceful movements,
and unexpected events are main reasons for high prevalence of MSDs in
firefighters. According to previous research, there is a significant contribution
between MSDs and other co-morbidities such as insomnia. The present study
aimed to evaluate the prevalence of MSDs in firefighters and its relation with severity
of insomnia. A cross-sectional study was conducted on firefighters in Qazvin.
Demographic information was collected for the participants. A self-administered
questionnaire including Nordic question, body map, and insomnia severity index
were completed by the firefighters. Descriptive statistics, Student’s t-test, and Chisquare
test were used for data analysis. One hundred and eighteen firefighters participated
in this study. The prevalence of MSDs was 54.2% amongst the firefighters,
and low back pain was the most common complaint with 30.5%. The highest
intensity of pain was in the middle of lumbar region. About 20.3% of firefighters
had subclinical insomnia, and 30% of them had moderate to severe insomnia.
Severity of insomnia was significantly more in subjects with MSDs (12.4 ± 7.9) compared
to those without MSDs (7.1 ± 6.6) (p<.05). Among different parts of body, significant
association was solely found between back pain and severity of insomnia.
The results showed that MSDs, especially around the lumbar region is associated
with the severity of insomnia in firefighters. In addition, the prevalence of MSDs
and insomnia was significantly higher in firefighters compared to similar studies in
general population which calls for preventive activities