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Screening for domestic abuse and its relationship with demographic variables among elderly individuals referred to primary health care centers of Shiraz in 2018
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Determinants of sleep habits in toddlers: Application of planned behavior theory
Get PDFBackground: Sleep health is a prerequisite for mental and physical health. The family affects the sleeping habits of the child.
Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the theory of mothers’ planned behavior in predicting sleeping habits of toddlers.
Methods: The participants of this descriptive-analytical study were 120 mothers of 12- to 36-month-old children living in Razan, Hamadan province, Iran. Data were collected in three stages in order to develop a theory-based tool. Semi-structured qualitative interviews with mothers were conducted to investigate the application of theory in predicting mothers’ intention and behavior (n = 25). The face and content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by a panel of experts. Test-retest method was used to determine the reliability of the questionnaire at 3 weeks interval (n = 25). Validity of Structural Convergence and Divergence with Factor Analysis, Internal Consent with Cronbach’s Alpha and predictive validity was determined by multiple regression coefficients (n = 120).
Results: The mean age of the children was 22.8 ± 7.5 months, 55% (66 children) were boys, the mean score of the children’s sleep questionnaire was 49 ± 6, and the children’s sleep duration was 9 ± 1 hour. Theoretical constructs have a positive and direct correlation with each other and with children’s sleep habits, which demonstrates the validity of the theory in predicting toddler sleep habits. Regression analysis showed that perceived behavioral control was the strongest predictor of sleeping habits of toddlers
The role of mental health, academic stress, academic achievement, and physical activity on self-rated health among adolescents in Iran: A multilevel analysis
Get PDFBACKGROUND: Health promotion of adolescents requires appropriate evidences of its
determinants. The aim of this study was to investigate predictors of self-rated health (SRH)
among adolescents in Qazvin, Iran.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, with a multistage
sampling method, we recruited 1740 adolescents aged 12–19 years from 53 schools in Qazvin,
Iran (2018). We used the Strengths and Diffculties Questionnaire and Adolescents’ Academic
Stress Questionnaire for data collection. The analysis was conducted using a multilevel logistic
regression model. Gender, educational period, and socioeconomic status were considered as
confounders.
RESULTS: Almost 21% of the adolescents reported their SRH suboptimal. Suboptimal SRH
was higher in girls and older adolescents. Mental health disorders and academic stress had a
positive association with SRH. However, this association was negative for academic
achievement and physical activity. The interaction between mental health disorders and
academic stress with SRH had a signifcant association in a crud regression model.
CONCLUSION: Mental health, academic stress, academic achievement, and physical activity
were important predictors for SRH. Interventions that focus on promoting mental health,academic stress, academic achievement, and physical activity such as physical activity for 1 h
and each day for 3 days per week can improve SRH in adolescents. Hence, policymakers should
pay more attention to this issue in health promotion programs of adolescents.
Keywords: Academic achievement, academic stress, adolescents, Iran, mental health, physical
activity, selfrated healt
Effect of Home Nursing Care on the Severity of Symptoms in Patients With Bipolar I Disorder: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Get PDFUpdates on Novel Erythropoiesis-Stimulating Agents: Clinical and Molecular Approach
Get PDFAbstract Erythropoietin (EPO) is an important hormone
responsible for the stimulation of hematopoiesis which is
impaired in a variety of diseases, such as chronic kidney
disease, cancer chemotherapy, and the use of some antiHIV drugs. Difficulties in the purification of endogenous
EPO due to problems such as technical limitations,
heterogeneity of target cells, inadequate amount and
immunogenicity of the resultant product, had limited the
entry of endogenous EPO in the clinical applications. The
integration of medical biotechnology and hematology has
introduced novel procedures for the production of human
recombinant erythropoietin (rHuEPO), and other erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs). To investigate and
produce rHuEPO, the first step is to recognize the molecular biology and functional pathways, structure, metabolism, and basic physiology of EPO. In this review, all
clinical indications, side effects, challenges and
notable points regarding EPO, rHuEPO, and other ESAs
have also been addressed along with its molecular
characterization, such as the modifications needed to
optimize their rHuEPO biosynthesis
Relationship Between Practice and Attitude Regarding Pressure Injury Among Intensive Care Nurses in Iran: A Descriptive, Correlational Study
Get PDFPurpose: A study was conducted to evaluate the relationship between critical care nurses'
practice, demographics, and attitude regarding pressure injury.
Methods: The descriptive-correlational study was conducted from March 14 to June 21, 2019,
among nurses working in 3 intensive care units affiliated with Qazvin University of Medical
Sciences in Iran. Using convenience sampling methods, nurses with at least a bachelor's degree
in nursing who are involved in pressure injury care were invited to participate. Demographic
information (age, sex, work experience in intensive care unit, education level) and pressure
injury education information were collected from participants. Each nurse was observed 3
times by a researcher during his or her full work shift and evaluated using the Quality of
Nursing Care Related to Pressure Injury checklist, which consists of 85 items categorized in 6
groups: 1) pressure injury risk factor evaluation (23 items), 2) change of patient position (12
items), 3) patient nutrition (16 items), 4) skin examination (25 items), 5) skin care in high-risk
patients (5 items), and 6) use of accessories for pressure injury prevention (4 items). Each item
offers 3 response options (ie, applied, not applied, applied but not correct). Correct responses
on 70%, 69% to 50%, and less than 50% of items indicate good, relatively good, and poor
practice, respectively. The Attitude Towards Pressure Ulcer Questionnaire, used to assess
nurses' attitudes regarding pressure injury prevention, is a paper-and-pencil questionnaire that
is completed by the nurse participants and consists of 11 items, with answers based on a 5-
response Likert scale that ranges from 1 (totally agree) to 5 (totally disagree). The total score
ranges from 11 to 55. A higher score indicates a more positive attitude. Descriptive statistics
including mean and standard deviation were used to describe demographic information, and
analytical tests including Pearson correlation test were used to determine the correlation
between numerical variables. An independent t test was used to evaluate the differences in
mean scores of numerical variables between the 2 groups. Significance level was considered
as P < .05.
Results: The mean quality-of-nursing checklist score was 71.4 ± 13.5, inferring nurses
provided good care. The highest and lowest mean scores were related to skin examination (22.8
± 3.7) and skin care in high-risk patients (4.3 ± 0.8). The mean overall score of nurses' attitudes
toward pressure injury was 27.26 ± 5.1, indicating a positive attitude toward providing pressure
injury care and prevention. There was a significant and positive relationship between mean
years of practice and the mean attitude score (r = 0.195; P = .041) as well as a significant
relationship between quality of practice and attitude score (r = 0.195; P = .041) Conclusion:
Ninety percent (90%) of critical care nurses demonstrated a good practice and a relatively
positive attitude toward pressure injury. Additionally, the findings suggest that nurses with
more years of experience and a more positive attitude have better quality of practice. The results
of the present study could be useful for improving pressure injury care in the hospital setting
and for educating nurses and nursing students. Further research that includes nurses in other
wards is warranted
Efficacy of noncultured melanocyte-keratinocyte cell suspension vs hair follicular cell suspension transfer in stable vitiligo: A randomized controlled trial
No full textImmune response in cutaneous leishmaniasis patients with healing vs. non-healing lesions
Get PDFBackground and Objectives: The outcome of Leishmania infection mainly depends upon the Leishmania species which
causes the disease and the generation of the type of host immune response, the healing process and protection in leishmaniasis depends upon induction of Th1 response. In this study, the Th1/Th2 cytokine profile in cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL)
is evaluated.
Materials and Methods: This study was carried out in leishmaniasis clinic of CRTSDL, TUMS, during March 2018 to
March 2019. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of volunteers with active healing and non-healing lesion (s) of
cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL), volunteers with and without history of CL were cultured and stimulated with Soluble Leishmania antigen (SLA). The supernatants were collected and the levels of IFN-γ, IL-5 and IL-10 were titrated using ELISA
method.
Results: The results showed a significantly higher levels of IFN-γ in volunteers with active CL healing form (p<0.005),
history of CL (p<0.005) than healthy volunteers. A significantly (p<0.005) higher level of IFN-γ was seen in volunteers with
active healing form of lesion than non-healing form. There was a significantly (p<0.005) higher level of IL-10 in volunteers
with a history of non-healing form and active non-healing form of CL. There was no significant difference in IL-5 production
in PBMC of different groups.
Conclusion: IFN-γ production starts at early stage of cutaneous leishmaniasis and enhance during course of lesion healing,
IFN-γ level is significantly higher in all patients compared to healthy volunteers, IFN-γ is significantly higher in patients with
healing form than non-healing form of lesion