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Application of the Health Action Process Approach (HAPA) Model to Determine Factors Affecting Physical Activity in Hypertensive Patients
Get PDFIntroduction: Physical activity plays an undeniable role in accelerating the recovery and prevention of
complications in hypertensive patients. The purpose of this study was to determine factors affecting
physical activity in hypertensive patients using Health Action Process Approach (HAPA) model in 2019-
2020.
Materials and methods: By convenience sampling, 176 hypertensive patients from the health care centers
of Astaneh-ye Ashrafiyeh city were selected to participate in this descriptive cross-sectional study. Data
were measured by demographic information questionnaire, International Physical Activity Questionnaire
and HAPA Model related Scales. Data were analyzed using AMOS 22.0 software and chi-square,
independent t-test, Pearson correlation coefficient and path analysis.
Results: Intention, coping self-efficacy, action self-efficacy, and outcome expectancies were significantly
correlated with physical activity (p<0.05). Also, action self-efficacy, outcome expectancies, perceived
risks had significant effect on intention (p<0.01). Moreover, the path coefficient between intention
(p<0.05) and coping self-efficacy (p<0.01) with physical activity behavior was significant. Finally, the
HAPA model fitted well to the data and its constructs described 45% and 31% of the variance in intention
and physical activity behavior, respectively.
Conclusion: The results emphasized the role of psychological variables such as action self-efficacy,
coping self-efficacy, outcome expectancies and perceived risks in regular physical activity and also
suggested the use of HAPA model for explaining factors affecting regular physical activity in hypertensive
patients
Long Term Exposure to Microwave Radiation in Children Due to COVID-19 Pandemic; a Carcinogen Challenge
Get PDFCoronavirus 2019 (COVID-19), as an acute respiratory
syndrome (SARS-CoV-2), was first identified in Wuhan,
China, and spread rapidly in the world, including Iran, so that
on December 14, 2020 (07:01 GMT) the number of total cases
was 1,108,269 and the number of total death was 52,196 in
Iran
Isolation Compliance and Associated Factors Among COVID-19 Patients in North-West Iran: A Cross-Sectional Study
Get PDFIntroduction: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has now turned into a public health
emergency. Isolation of patients is a possible solution for controlling epidemic infectious
diseases. We assessed the compliance of isolation and associated factors among patients with
COVID-19.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 320 COVID-19 patients discharged from
hospitals of Qazvin province. Patients’ isolation, self-care health behaviors, reference to public
health services and possible related factors were assessed. Data were analyzed using multiple
logistic regression.
Results: In this study, 320 patients were enrolled, including 175 men (54.7%). Two hundred and
eighty-six patients (89.4%) had complete isolation. Factors such as phone tracking by health
center (OR = 1.30; 95% CI: 1.01 to 1.75) and dry cough (OR = 2.36; 95% CI: 1.09 to 5.09)
increased odds of complete isolation in COVID-19 patients, but having a COVID-19 patient in
the family (OR = 0.32; 95% CI: 0.15 to 0.71) and symptoms of disease like shortness of breath(OR = 0.39; 95% CI: 0.18 to 0.85) and muscle pain (OR = 0.43; 95% CI: 0.20 to 0.95) decreased
odds ratio for these patients.
Conclusion: Phone tracking by the health center was the most important factor to increase the
odds of patient isolation. Thus, the health system should consider improving health workers’
knowledge and skills through education
Keywords: COVID-19, isolation, self-care, compliance, Ira
Epidemiologic assessment of self‑concept and academic self‑ efcacy in Iranian high school students: Multilevel analysis
Get PDFINTRODUCTION: In social cognitive theory, self‑effcacy and self‑concept (SC) have been
introduced as important constructs that associate with adolescents’ achievements. The aim of this
study was to investigate the determinant factors of academic self‑effcacy (ASE) and SC in
Iranian high school students based on the multilevel analysis.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this descriptive‑analytical cross‑sectional study, 1740
students from 53 high schools selected with stratified random sampling method in 2018 in
Qazvin, Iran. Data collection tools were the Morgan and Jinks Self‑Effcacy Scale and the Piers‑
Harris Children’s SC Scale‑Second Edition. The association between some of the students and
school variables with ASE and SC was analyzed by hierarchical linear regression models.
RESULTS: The score of the students’ standardized ASE was lower than SC. ASE and SC had a
strong positive signifcant association with economic status, grade point average, and the
educational period of high school. Sex had no association with any of them. Physical activity had
a positive signifcant association with SC but was no found association by ASE.
CONCLUSION: These fndings revealed that for improving the adolescents’ ASE and SC
should be attention to the adolescents’ family condition and school‑related factors. Proper
educational, sports, and supportive programs can be effective on the adolescents’ self‑effcacy
and SC.
Keywords:Academic self‑effcacy, adolescents, Iran, school, self‑concept, student
Nurse Robots: A Necessity in the Nursing Care System during the Covid-19 Pandemic
Get PDFAt present, the use of nursing robots as one of the intelligent health care systems to infection control and maintain is necessary to prevention and control of Covid-19. These robots can be used to perform repetitive, tedious and dangerous activities that expose nurses to the Covid-19 such as delivering food to the patient, measuring vital signs, disinfecting the environments, collecting hazardous waste, tracking patients and carriers and monitoring the quarantined environments. Also, nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swab sampling and monitored changing in patients' blood parameters can be performed by nursing robots and significantly reduce the transmission of infection and promote the occupational safety .The use of nursing robots has solved the ergonomic problems of nurses, including the problem of moving people and bearing their weight. One of the most common hospital wastes during the Covid-19 crisis is plastic masks, gloves and protective clothing, that their use is inevitable in this crisis. Using robot nursing lead to decrease in environmental pollution. Lack of spiritual and friendly communication with the patient and weakness in providing services to patients who are not alert are among the current limitations of robots. Robots cannot replace nurses, but can be their assistants in the difficult days of dealing with crises such as Covid-19.Although the providing of robots incurs costs for governments, their useful and diverse applications in crises, as well as their durability as part of essential medical equipment, justify their presence in health care systems.Covid-19 pandemic is a challenge that provides an opportunity to identify new solutions to overcome such biological crises. The outbreak of this challenging and deadly epidemic has shown that focusing on hospital smartening is not a luxury and unnecessary thinking, but futurism and investing in maintaining the health of the community and health professionals
Anticonvulsive and Antioxidant Effects of Pioglitazone on Pentylenetetrazole-Induced Seizures in Rats
Get PDFBackground Epilepsy is a neurologic dysfunction caused by abnormal electrical activity in the brain. Oxidative
stress is involved in the seizure-induced brain damage.
Objective This study aimed to evaluate the anticonvulsant and antioxidant effects of pioglitazone (a peroxisome
proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonist used for treatment of type 2 diabetes) on Pentylenetetrazole
(PTZ)-induced seizure in rats.
Methods In this experimental study, 28 rats weighing 20-30 g were divided into four groups of control,
pioglitazone, PTZ, and treatment. For treatment, PTZ (85 mg/kg) or normal saline was injected intraperitoneally
and 4 hours later, pioglitazone (80 mg/kg) was administrated orally. Carboxymethylcellulose was
administered orally in the control and PTZ groups, instead of pioglitazone. One hour after PTZ injection,
seizure severity was assessed using Racine scale. Then, the rats were decapitated and the Malondialdehyde
(MDA) level and the activity of Catalase (CAT) and Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) in their hippocampus
samples were measured by standard methods.
Findings Pioglitazone administration significantly increased the latency to the onset of seizure stages 1-4
and prevented the stage 5. It significantly reduced the lipid peroxidation caused by PTZ-induced seizure
and increased the activity of CAT and SOD enzymes in the hippocampus of rats.
Conclusion Antioxidant effects of pioglitazone may play a role in preventing stable PTZ-induced seizures
and protecting neurons from seizure-caused damage
Prevalence of Menstrual Disorders and its Relationship With Quality of Life in Female High School Students
Get PDFBackground Menstrual disorders in female students in the early years after menarche affect their physical,
emotional and social functions.
Objective This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of menstrual disorders among female high
school students and its relationship with their Quality of Life.
Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted on 1000 high school girls in Qazvin, Iran during 2017-
2018. Their menstrual disorders and quality of life were evaluated by a demographic checklist and KIDSCREEN
questionnaire, respectively. Data were analyzed using independent t-test.
Findings The mean age of high school girls was 15.9±0.93 years. The most common disorder was Premenstrual
Syndrome (PMS) with a prevalence of 60%. Their quality of life had a significant relationship
with PMS, menorrhagia, metorrhagia, dysmenorrhea, spotting, hypermenorrhea (P<0.001), polymenorrhea
(P=0.005), hypomnorrhea (P=0.002) and amenorrhea (P=0.025). The quality of life of girls with
these disorders were poorer compared to the girls with no menstrual disorder.
Conclusion Menstrual disorders are highly prevalent among female students, and have a considerable
impact on their quality of life. Since this impact has the potential to have longer-term consequences,
more efforts are needed to address and treat menstrual disorders in female students
The Effect of Oral Consumption of Propolis Alone and in Combination With Silver Nanoparticles on Wound Healing in Male Wistar Rats
Get PDFResearch to identify and develop compounds that facilitate wound healing is important, especially for hard-to-heal chronic
wounds. PURPOSE: This study was conducted to investigate the effects of orally administered propolis (a resinous substance
found in beehives), alone and in combination with silver nanoparticles (SNPs), on the wound healing process in male rats.
METHODS: Forty (40) male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups of 10 each: 1 control group received no treatment, and 3 study groups received a daily dose of 1) propolis (100 mg/kg), 2) propolis + 30 ppm SNPs, or 3) propolis + 60
ppm SNPs. Healing rate was determined by wound surface area reduction on days 4, 6, 8, and 10 post-surgery. On day 12 after
wound creation, histological changes of wound healing, including number of new vessels, inflammatory cells (neutrophils,
eosinophils, and mast cells), and fibroblasts, were counted based on morphology using a 400x objective lens, and collagen
deposition density was determined using hematoxylin and eosin and trichrome staining, respectively. The histological scores
were based on a 0 to 4 scale from lowest to highest amount of improving tissue status and were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance, Tukey test, Kruskal-Wallis test, t test, and Mann-Whitney U test to examine differences among the groups.
Significance was set at P <.05. RESULTS: The rate of wound healing was significantly different between the control and the
treated groups on days 4, 6, 8, and 10 (percent change was not assessed on day 12) post-surgery, especially in the propolis +
30 ppm SNPs group compared to the control group. This difference was more significant on days 6 (wound healing percentage
[WHP]: 75% and 45%) and 8 (WHP: 88% and 65% ) post-surgery (P <.001). Mean neutrophil count on day 12 was highest
in the control (34.8 ± 2.97) and lowest in the propolis + 30 ppm SNPs group (16.55 ± 2.12). The number of eosinophils on
day 12 was considerably higher in the control group (1.05 ± 4) compared to those in the propolis group (3 ± 0.70), propolis
+ 30 ppm SNPs group (60/0 ± 1/1), and propolis + 60 ppm SNPs group (0.5 ± 0.52) (P <.001). Mean propolis + 30 ppm SNPs
scores for epithelialization and granulation tissue formation were 3 and 4, respectively; in the propolis + 60 ppm SNPs, scores
were 2 and 3, respectively; in the propolis alone group scores were 2 and 3, respectively (statistical significance not computed
for semiquantitative values). The highest fibroblast count was in the propolis + 30 ppm SNPs group (114.44 ± 3.90) compared
to control group (73.2 ± 2.8); P <.001). The difference in collagen fiber density scores was also significant: 1.2 ± 0.42 in the
control and 3.66 ± 0.50 in the propolis + 30 ppm SNPs group; (P <.001). The mean of collagen fiber density in the propolis
+ 60 ppm SNPs group was 2.63 ± 0.51. CONCLUSION: Oral propolis alone and in combination with 30 ppm SNPs appears to
provide anti-inflammatory effects and increase fibroblast proliferation and collagen deposition in experimental wounds, which
may explain the observed differences in healing. Propolis + 60 ppm SNPs appears to have a cytotoxic effect. Research confirming these results and that examines toxicity levels in animals and humans is needed