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The Prevalence and Risk Factors of Nosocomial Infections in the Intensive Care Unit of a Hospital in Iran
Get PDFBackground Nosocomial infections account for about one third of deaths in hospitals.
Objective In this study, we aim to determine the factors affecting the incidence of nosocomial infections
in the Intensive Care Units (ICUs) to provide more information for helping improve the prevention and
treatment of these infections in the hospitals located in Iran.
Methods This is a comparative cross-sectional study conducted in 2017 on 86 patients admitted to the
general ICU of
Boo Ali Sina Hospital in Qazvin, Iran. We extracted the patients’ demographic and clinical information
(e.g. blood and urine culture results) from their medical records.
Findings The prevalence of nosocomial infections were reported 24.3; 38.4% of infections was related to
Acinetobacter and 18.6% to Pseudomonas aeruginosa and other microorganisms. The highest antibiotic
resistance in patients was to Cefepime (64%) and Ciprofloxacin (60%).
Conclusion The prevalence of nosocomial infections in the general ICU of the study hospital is relatively
high with different strains and varied patterns of antibiotic resistance indicating the need for more comprehensive
studies and preventive measures in the country
Isolation and identification of Acanthamoeba genotypes and Naegleria spp. from the water samples of public swimming pools in Qazvin, Iran
Get PDFFree-living amoeba (FLA), including Acanthamoeba and Naegleria are facultative parasites in
humans. The amoeba have widespread distribution in various water sources. The aim of this study
was isolation and molecular identification of Acanthamoeba and Naegleria isolated from swimming
pools and also hot and cold tub waters in Qazvin province. The samples (166 water samples) were
cultured to isolate and identify positive specimens. PCR (polymerase chain reaction) amplification,
sequencing and phylogenetic analysis were conducted to confirm the isolated species and
genotypes of amoeba. According to morphological characterizations, 18.6% of specimens were
identified as FLA, which in 71% were Acanthamoeba by PCR method. Molecular analysis revealed
that 36.3%, 18.1% and 4.5% of Acanthamoeba specimens were identified as T3, T4 and T11
Acanthamoeba genotypes, respectively. Protacanthamoeba bohemica (27.2%) and Acanthamoeba
sp. (4.5%) were found among the specimens. The results of osmo-tolerance and thermo-tolerance
assays demonstrated that 50% of T3 and 25% of T4 genotypes of Acanthamoeba were highly
pathogenic parasites. The molecular approach showed the presence of Naegleria lovaniensis (9%) in
hot tub water of swimming pools. This study demonstrated that the swimming pools and hot tub
water in Qazvin province were contaminated with Acanthamoeba and Naegleria species
Molecular characterization of fasciola and dicrocoelium species isolated from ruminant livestock in Qazvin, Iran
Get PDFIntroduction: Fascioliasis and dicrocoeliasis are the most frequent zoonotic diseases with
increasing human health problems in different parts of Iran. Two species, Fasciola hepatica (F.
hepatica) and Fasciola gigantica (F. gigantica), are spread in the country. Molecular approaches have a decisive role in identifying both the species. The aim of this study was to detect
Fasciola spp. and Dicrocoelium spp. by amplifying the ITS-2 and 28S rDNA gene sequence.
Methods: Overall, 30 infected liver samples were collected from the livestock of Qazvin, Iran.
The adult flukes were collected from different livestock. DNA extraction and PCR
amplification of ribosomal RNA gene region (ITS2) and 28S rDNA gene fragment were
conducted and a phylogenetic tree was constructed. Result: All the isolates obtained from the
cattle (No: 7) and 82.6% (No: 19) of sheep isolates were infected with F. hepatica species,
whereas 17.4% (No: 4) of sheep isolates were infected with F. gigantica. It was also shown that
F. hepatica was the predominant species of Fasciola present in the region. All the specimens
were infected with Dicrocoelium dendriticum (D. dendriticum). Conclusion: Both the species
of Fasciola were found in Qazvin. D. dendriticum was the sole infecting species of the
Dicrocoelium genus in the livestock of the city of Qazvin. Further research studies are needed
to determine the intermediate host of the parasites in the region
An overview on wearing the face mask to avoid transmission of coronavirus disease 2019
Get PDFIn December 2019, a report of a novel coronaviruses which called severe acute
respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 from Wuhan, China shocked the world. Severe
acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 affects both humans and animals. Here, we
attempted to have an overview of different perspectives of the need to use a face mask
against coronavirus disease 2019. The primary objective of this article is to reinforce
awareness of common hazards in which voluntary and precautionary use of face mask
respirators may be advantageous to healthy people and the safety of the healthcare
workers
Determining the optimal technique for analyzing catastrophic occupational accidents in Qazvin province in 2017 using Analytic Network Process(ANP)
Get PDFBackground and Aim: In addition to life-threatening consequences, work-related accidents also have financial and social consequences. Therefore, it seems necessary to investigate the accidents. Accidents are investigated for the purposes of "preventing re-occurrence" and "determining the culprit for determining wergilds and paying compensation." At present, a technique for achieving the second goal has not been identified, and labor inspectors and official justice experts generally rely on personal capabilities to find the cause. For this purpose, in this study, an attempt has been made to select the optimal technique for analyzing fatal accidents in Qazvin province by considering the criteria using multi-criteria decision making methods.
Materials and Methods: The present study is descriptive and cross-sectional that includes all fatal accidents caused by work in Qazvin province in 1396. Initially, the initial information and incident reports of 29 cases were collected from the labor inspection system and studied. These events were then analyzed using 5 techniques: Tripod-Beta, Why’s5, Fish Bone, FTA and RCA. Investigator software version 3.6 was used for computer analysis of Tripod-Beta and RCA techniques and the analysis of 3 other techniques was done manually. Criteria and sub-criteria were selected from previous studies and the causal relationships between them were identified using expert opinions and DEMATEL technique. Then, 8 main criteria and 20 sub-criteria were divided into two categories: "cause and effect" and "effective and influential". After determining the internal relationships of the criteria, the ANP matrices were adjusted and provided to the same team of experts. At the end, the average opinions of the experts were calculated manually and the values obtained were entered in the SuperDecision software to complete the calculations and results.
Results: The criteria of application scope levels, identification of multiple levels of causes and validation with the final weight of 0.311, 0.252 and 0.134, respectively, were ranked first to third in terms of the impact on the selection of the optimal technique. In terms of causal and causal relationships, the criteria of application scope, systematicity and the ability to identify multiple levels of causes with weights of 0.68, 0.45 and 0.32, respectively, are the most influential criteria and criteria for validation, visibility and realism, respectively. Weights of -1.1, -0.58 and -0.21 were identified as the most effective criteria.
Discussion and Conclusion: The priority of techniques based on sub-criteria and expert judgment showed that Tripod-Beta with a final weight of 0.3588 compared to other techniques; FTA with a weight of 0.203 and RCA with a weight of 0.202 are preferred. The capabilities of this technique are evident in the criteria of application scope levels, ability to identify causes and sub-criteria for protection, graphical presentation, specialized software and logic tree "both in the opinions of experts and in the features mentioned by the creators of Tripod-Beta technique". It can be concluded that in the absence of educational training criteria and required resources, the difference in score between Tripod-Beta technique and other techniques will definitely be more than the resulting value.
Keywords: Accident Analysis Techniques, Criteria for Selection of Optimal Accident Analysis Techniques, Analytic Network Process(ANP) and DEMATEL
مقایسهی برداشت لایه اسمیر با استفاده از سه تکنیک XP Endo Finisher ، اولتراسونیک غیر فعال و سیستم روتاری RaCe در كانال ریشه های انحنادار
Get PDFعنوان به فارسي:بررسی رابطه بین وضعیت شاخص های پریودنتال با شدت فعالیت بیماری آرتریت روماتوئید
Get PDFبررسی تاثیر آموزش بر آگاهی و نگرش والدین کودکان دبستانی شهر قزوین در مورد فیشورسیلانت و فلورایدتراپی در سال 1398
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