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رهنمودهای غذایی ایران
Get PDFمطالبی درخصوص تعاریف غذا و تغذیه، تغذیه سالم، انواع تغذیه، مواد مغذی، نقش مواد غذایی در رشد و تکامل انسان و غیر
Plasmid-Mediated Quinolone Resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolated from Burn Patients in Tehran, Iran
Get PDFIntroduction: Plasmid-induced quinolone resistance has raised a great concern in the treatment of serious infections worldwide. The aims of this study were to determine the antibiotic susceptibility, the frequency of qepA, aac(6')-Ib and qnr genes by PCR and sequencing, and typing of the resistant isolates using repetitive extragenic palindromic sequence-based PCR (REPPCR) in Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from burn wound infections.
Methods: In the current cross-sectional study, 149 P. aeruginosa were isolated from the burn wound samples of patients admitted to Motahari hospital in Tehran, Iran, from February to December 2016. The bacterial isolates were identified using standard laboratory methods and their antibiotic susceptibility to quinolones was evaluated using the standard Kirby-Bauer method, according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines. The presence of aac(6')-Ib, qepA, qnrA, qnrB4, qnrB and qnrS genes was assessed using PCR and sequencing methods and clonal relationship of the resistant isolates was evaluated using REP-PCR method.
Results: All (100%) isolates showed complete resistance to used quinolone compounds in this study. The qnr and qepA genes were not found, but all (100%) isolates were positive for the presence of aac(6')-Ib gene and the sequencing revealed that all (100%) belong to the aac(6')-Ib-cr variant. REP-PCR showed that the studied isolates belonged to three distinct clones of A (77.9%), B (18.1%), and C (4%).
Conclusion: The findings of the present study indicated the presence of aac(6')-Ib-cr variant and lack of the contribution of qnr and qepA in the emergence of resistance to quinolones in P. aeruginosa isolated from burn patients. Considering the importance of clonal spread of these resistant isolates and their significant role in the development of clinical infections, especially in patients with burns, more attention should be paid to the prevention of the dissemination of these resistant isolates.
Keywords: PCR; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; aac(6`)-Ib; gram-negative pathogens; plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance; qepA; qn
Spouse’s social support in the postpartum period, predictors and its relationship with postpartum depression in a sample of Iranian primiparous women
Get PDFThe Effect of Music on Physiological Indices of Patients Admitted to Intensive Care Units: A Clinical Trial
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Comparison of Diagnostic Methods in Detection of Squamous Cell Abnormalities in Iranian Women with Abnormal Pap’s Smear Test and Associated Demographic and Issues
Get PDFLC3 and ATG5 overexpression and neuronal cell death in the prefrontal cortex of postmortem chronic methamphetamine users
Get PDFMethamphetamine (METH) abuse is accompanied by oxidative stress, METH-induced neurotoxicity,
and apoptosis. Oxidative stress has devastating effects on the structure of proteins and cells. Autophagy
is an evolutionarily conserved intracellular regulated mechanism for orderly degradation of
dysfunctional proteins or removing damaged organelles. The precise role of autophagy in oxidative
stress-induced apoptosis of dopaminergic neuronal cells caused by METH has not clarified completely.
In this study, we sought to evaluate the effects of METH abuse on autophagy in the prefrontal cortex
of postmortem users, mainly focusing on the ATG5 and LC3 during neuroinflammation. Postmortem
molecular and histological examination was done for two groups containing 12 non-addicted and 14
METH addicted cases. ATG5 and LC3 expression were analyzed by real-time PCR and
immunohistochemistry (IHC) methods. Histopathological analysis was performed by stereological cell
counting of neuronal cells using Hematoxylin and Eosin (H & E) staining technique. In order to detect
DNA damage in the prefrontal lobe, Tunnel staining was performed. Real-time PCR and IHC assay
showed overexpression of ATG5 and LC3 protein in the prefrontal cortex of Meth users. The cell death
and neuronal degeneration were increased significantly based on Tunel assay and the stereological
analysis in the Prefrontal cortex. Chronic METH exposure probably induces ATG5 and LC3
overexpression and neuronal cell death in the Prefrontal cortex of the postmortem cases
Role of cerebrospinal fluid in differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells into neuron-like cells
Get PDFHuman dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) could be differentiated into neuron like-cells under particular
microenvironments. It has been reported that a wide range of factors, presented in cerebrospinal fluid
(CSF), playing part in neuronal differentiation during embryonic stages, we herein introduce a novel
culture media complex to differentiate hDPSCs into neuron-like cells. The hDPSCs were initially
isolated and characterized. The CSF was prepared from the Cisterna magna of 19-day-old Wistar rat
embryos, embryonic cerebrospinal fluid (E-CSF). The hDPSCs were treated by 5% E-CSF for 2 days,
then neurospheres were cultured in DMEM/F12 supplemented with 10-6 μm retinoic acid (RA), glialderived neurotrophic factor and brain-derived neurotrophic factor for 6 days. The cells which were
cultured in basic culture medium were considered as control group. Morphology of differentiated cells
as well as process elongation were examined by an inverted microscope. In addition, the neural
differentiation markers (Nestin and MAP2) were studied employing immunocytochemistry. Neuronallike processes appeared 8 days after treatment. Neural progenitor marker (Nestin) and a mature neural
marker (MAP2) were expressed in treated group. Moreover Nissl bodies were found in the cytoplasm
of treated group. Taking these together, we have designed a simple protocol for generating neuron-like
cells using CSF from the hDPSCs, applicable for cell therapy in several neurodegenerative disorders
including Alzheimer’s disease
The Effect of Oral Consumption of Propolis Alone and in Combination With Silver Nanoparticles on Wound Healing in Male Wistar Rats
Get PDFResearch to identify and develop compounds that facilitate wound healing is important, especially
for hard-to-heal chronic wounds.
Purpose: This study was conducted to investigate the effects of orally administered propolis (a
resinous substance found in beehives), alone and in combination with silver nanoparticles (SNPs),
on the wound healing process in male rats.
Methods: Forty (40) male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups of 10 each: 1 control
group received no treatment, and 3 study groups received a daily dose of 1) propolis (100 mg/kg),
2) propolis + 30 ppm SNPs, or 3) propolis + 60 ppm SNPs. Healing rate was determined by wound
surface area reduction on days 4, 6, 8, and 10 post-surgery. On day 12 after wound creation,
histological changes of wound healing, including number of new vessels, inflammatory cells
(neutrophils, eosinophils, and mast cells) and fibroblasts were counted based on morphology using
a 400x objective lens, and collagen deposition density was determined using hematoxylin and
eosin and trichrome staining, respectively. The histological scores were based on a 0 to 4 scale
from lowest to highest amount of improving tissue status and were analyzed using one-way
analysis of variance, Tukey test, Kruskal-Wallis test, t test, and Mann-Whitney U test to examine
differences among the groups. Significance was set at P <.05.
Results: The rate of wound healing was significantly different between the control and the treated
groups on days 4, 6, 8, and 10 (percent change was not assessed on day 12) post-surgery, especially
in the propolis + 30 ppm SNPs group compared to the control group. This difference was more
significant on days 6 (wound healing percentage [WHP]: 75% and 45%) and 8 (WHP: 88% and
65% ) post-surgery (P <.001). Mean neutrophil count on day 12 was highest in the control (34.8 ±
2.97) and lowest in the propolis + 30 ppm SNPs group (16.55 ± 2.12). The number of eosinophils
on day 12 was considerably higher in the control group (1.05 ± 4) compared to those in the propolis
group (3 ± 0.70), propolis + 30 ppm SNPs group (60/0 ± 1/1), and propolis + 60 ppm SNPs group
(0.5 ± 0.52) (P <.001). Mean propolis + 30 ppm SNPs scores for epithelialization and granulation
tissue formation were 3 and 4, respectively; in the propolis + 60 ppm SNPs, scores were 2 and 3,
respectively; in the propolis alone group scores were 2 and 3, respectively (statistical significance not computed for semiquantitative values). The highest fibroblast count was in the propolis + 30
ppm SNPs group (114.44 ± 3.90) compared to control group (73.2 ± 2.8); P <.001). The difference
in collagen fiber density scores was also significant: 1.2 ± 0.42 in the control and 3.66 ± 0.50 in
the propolis + 30 ppm SNPs group; (P <.001). The mean of collagen fiber density in the propolis
+ 60 ppm SNPs group was 2.63 ± 0.51.
Conclusion: Oral propolis alone and in combination with 30 ppm SNPs appears to provide antiinflammatory effects and increase fibroblast proliferation and collagen deposition in experimental
wounds, which may explain the observed differences in healing. Propolis + 60 ppm SNPs appears
to have a cytotoxic effect. Research confirming these results and that examines toxicity levels in
animals and humans is needed