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Impact of Turmeric Powder and Black Pepper Capsules on the Small Intestine Profile and Product Quality of Kampung Unggul Balitnak (KUB) Chickens
Full text linkThis study aimed to improve the quality of KUB chicken eggs and meat through dietary supplementation. Fifty KUB chickens, aged three months, were reared for three months. The treatments were as follows: P0 (control) = basal ration (BR), P1 = BR + 0.4 g/head/day turmeric flour, P2 = BR + 0.4 g/head/day turmeric powder + 1 black pepper capsule (0.2 g/head/day), P3 = BR + 0.4 g/head/day turmeric flour + 2 black pepper capsules (0.4 g/head/day), and P4 = BR + 0.4 g/head/day turmeric flour + 3 black pepper capsules (0.6 g/head/day). Parameters measured included the digestive tract profile, lactic acid bacteria (LAB) count in the cecum, egg quality, egg cholesterol, and unsaturated fatty acid content in meat. Results indicated that while most treatments did not affect the relative weight and length of the small intestine, P1 significantly increased the relative weight of the duodenum by 57.4% compared to the control. P1 also improved LAB counts and egg quality. P2 reduced egg cholesterol by 27.1%, and P4 increased unsaturated fatty acid content in meat by 14.4% over the control. These findings suggest that turmeric powder and black pepper supplementation can enhance egg and meat quality as well as the overall performance of KUB chickens
Impact of Golden Banana Puree (Musa acuminata) Enrichment on the pH, Lactic Acid Bacteria Count, and Viscosity of Kefir
Full text linkThe addition of golden banana puree (Musa acuminata) as a prebiotic has been hypothesized to enhance the growth of lactic acid bacteria in kefir. This study aimed to determine the effects of adding golden banana puree on the pH value, total lactic acid bacteria (LAB) count, and viscosity of kefir. The experiment was conducted using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with four treatments and three replications. The treatments included the addition of 0% (P0), 6% (P1), 8% (P2), and 10% (P3) banana puree. The observed variables were pH value, total LAB, and viscosity. Data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), followed by Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT) when a significant treatment effect was detected. The results indicated that the addition of golden banana puree had a very significant effect (P0.01) on the pH value, total LAB count, and viscosity of kefir. The study concluded that increasing the concentration of golden banana puree leads to a higher total LAB count and viscosity, while inversely lowering the pH value
Pengaruh Ransum yang Mengandung Azolla microphylla terhadap Indeks Kuning, Indeks Putih dan Haugh Unit Telur Ayam
Full text linkABSTRAK. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh ransum yang mengandung azolla (Azolla microphylla) terhadap indeks kuning telur, indeks putih telur dan haugh unit telur ayam. Azolla merupakan tanaman paku air yang pertumbuhan cepat dan dapat dijadikan bahan pakan alternatif untuk ayam petelur. Penelitian menggunakan 48 ekor ayam petelur strain ISA Brown berumur 54 minggu di Fakultas Peternakan, Universitas Padjadjaran. Penelitian ini dilakukan secara eksperimental dengan metode Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 4 perlakuan (P0= ransum tanpa azolla; P1= ransum dengan 5% azolla; P2= ransum dengan 10% azolla; dan P3= ransum dengan 15% azolla) dan 6 ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ransum yang mengandung azolla berpengaruh tidak nyata (P0,05) terhadap indeks putih telur, indeks kuning telur dan haugh unit telur. Penggunaan azolla sampai taraf 15% menghasilkan nilai yang sama terhadap indeks kuning telur, indeks putih telur dan haugh unit telur ayam.(Growth and production of Indigofera zollingeriana in post-sand mining land with addition Fertilizer and mycorrhizae)ABSTRACT. This study aimed to determine the effect of a ration containing azolla (Azolla microphylla) on the yolk index, albumen index, and haugh unit of layers. Azolla is a water fern that grows fast and can be used as an alternative feed ingredient for laying hens. The study used 48 laying hens of the ISA Brown strain aged 54 weeks at the Faculty of Animal Husbandry, Padjadjaran University. This research was conducted experimentally using a completely randomized design (CRD) with 4 treatments and 6 replications for each treatment, P0 (ration without azolla), P1 (ration with 5% azolla), P2 (ration with 10% azolla), and P3 (ration with 15% azolla). The results showed that the ratio containing Azolla had no significant effect (P0.05) on the yolk index, albumen index, and haugh unit of layers. The use of Azolla up to 15% level produces the same value on the yolk index, albumen index, and haugh unit of layers
Differences in Heating Temperature and Type of Phytase Enzyme on Enzyme Activity, Calcium and Phosphorus Levels in Complete Poultry Feed
Full text linkPhytic acid is an antinutritional factor that can negatively affect livestock productivity by reducing the bioavailability of essential nutrients. Its content in feed ingredients can be minimized or even eliminated through various processing techniques, such as the addition of phytase enzymes. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different heating temperatures and types of phytase enzymes on enzyme activity, calcium, and phosphorus levels in complete poultry feed. The research was conducted using a completely randomized design (CRD) with a factorial arrangement. The treatment consisted of two factors: factor A (phytase enzyme addition at three levels: no enzyme (0 FTU), commercial enzyme A (800 FTU), and commercial enzyme B (800 FTU), and factor B (heating temperature levels of 65C, 70C, 75C, and 80C). Each treatment combination was replicated three times. Data were analyzed using Minitab software, followed by Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT) to determine significant differences between treatments at a 5% significance level. The results indicated that the addition of phytase enzymes significantly affected (P0.05) enzyme activity, calcium, and phosphorus levels in the feed. The best results for enzyme activity were observed with the treatment EAT3 (commercial phytase enzyme A at a heating temperature of 75C), while the best results for calcium and phosphorus levels were achieved with treatment EBT3 (commercial phytase enzyme B at a heating temperature of 75C)
An Exploratory Study of Beef Cattle Farming Systems: A Comparative Analysis of Cut and Carry in Java vs. the Pastoral System in Sumba Island, Indonesia
Full text linkABSTRACT. This study aims to explore the differences between beef cattle farming systems in Java and Sumba. The research was conducted using a survey method in three districts, two districts in Central Java and one district in Sumba Island, NTT. Data analysis used a descriptive qualitative approach, with the CATWOE Analysis framework to determine the perspectives of stakeholders involved in the beef cattle farming business system. Beef cattle farming in Java has been characterized by a cut and carry system, while in Sumba with a pasture grazing system. The research shows that the main purpose of cattle rearing in Java is to generate income for the family, so more and more are running enlargement and fattening businesses. Cattle rearing in Sumba is prioritized for savings for traditional purposes. Farmers in Sumba predominantly breed cattle without additional feed to save on maintenance costs. Farmers are still faced with the problem of unfairness in pricing. The study concluded that farmers show adaptive ability in allocating their resources to obtain profits. Differences in farming paradigms need to be considered in the preparation of livestock development programs.(Studi eksploratif pada sistem pemeliharaan sapi potong: analisis komparatif pada sistem cut and carry di jawa dengan sistem penggembalaan pastura di pulau Sumba, Indonesia)ABSTRAK. Peternakan sapi potong di Jawa selama ini dicirikan dengan cut and carry sistem, sedangkan di Sumba dengan sistem penggembalaan di pastura. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan eksplorasi lebih mendalam tentang perbedaan sistem usaha peternakan sapi potong di Jawa dengan di Sumba. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode survey di tiga kabupaten, dua kabupaten di Jawa Tengah dan satu kabupaten di Pulau Sumba, NTT. Analisis data menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif, dengan kerangka CATWOE Analysis untuk mengetahui perspektif dari para stakeholders yang terlibat dalam sistem usaha peternakan sapi potong. Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tujuan utama pemeliharaan sapi di Jawa adalah untuk menghasilkan pendapatan untuk keluarga, sehingga semakin banyak yang lebih menjalankan usaha pembesaran dan penggemukan. Pemeliharaan sapi di Sumba lebih diutamakan untuk tabungan untuk keperluan adat. Peternak di Sumba didominasi pembiakan sapi tanpa tambahan pakan untuk menghemat biaya pemeliharaan. Peternak masih dihadapkan pada permasalahan ketidakadilan dalam penentuan harga. Penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa peternak menunjukkan kemampuan adaptif dalam mengalokasikan sumber daya yang dimiliki untuk memperoleh keuntungan. Perbedaan paradigma beternak perlu untuk diperhatikan dalam penyusunan program pembangunan peternakan
Proteksi Bungkil Kedelai dengan Ekstrak Daun Mahoni terhadap Produk Fermentasi Rumen dan Kecernaan In vitro
Full text linkABSTRACT. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh proteksi bungkil kedelai menggunakan ekstrak daun mahoni terhadap produk VFA total, konsentrasi N-NH3, kecernaan bahan kering, dan kecernaan bahan organik secara in vitro. Bahan yang digunakan adalah bungkil kedelai, daun mahoni, cairan rumen sapi potong, serta reagen untuk analisis konsentrasi amonia dan VFA. Penelitian dilakukan dalam tiga tahap yaitu ekstraksi mahoni, proteksi protein dengan ekstrak mahoni, dan tahap in vitro. Penelitian bersifat eksperimental dengan tiga tahap, yaitu ekstraksi mahoni menggunakan metode soxhlet, pencampuran ekstrak mahoni dengan bungkil kedelai, dan uji kecernaan menggunakan metode in vitro. Hasil penelitian dianalisis menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan 4 perlakuan dan 6 ulangan sehingga terdapat 24 unit percobaan. Perlakuan terdiri dari P0 (bungkil kedelai + ekstrak mahoni 0%), P1 (bungkil kedelai + ekstrak mahoni 1,5%), P2 (bungkil kedelai + ekstrak mahoni 3%) dan P3 (bungkil kedelai + ekstrak mahoni 4,5%). Pengukuran VFA total menggunakan metode distilasi uap dan N-NH3 dengan teknik difusi mikro Conway. Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium Ilmu Nutrisi dan Makanan Ternak (INMT) Fakultas Peternakan, Universitas Jenderal Soedirman. Pengukuran hasil tersebut dianalisis secara statistik dengan analisis variansi, jika terdapat perbedaan lebih lanjut diuji menggunakan ortogonal polinomial. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlindungan bungkil kedelai dengan ekstrak mahoni berpengaruh nyata terhadap produk VFA total, N-NH3, kecernaan bahan kering dan kecernaan bahan organik (P0,05). Pemberian bungkil kedelai terproteksi ekstrak daun mahoni berpengaruh secara kubik dengan persamaan berturut-turut Y= 99,67 36,44X + 18,19X2 2,12X3 (R= 0,98); Y= 14 + 0,798X 0,370X2 + 0,055X3 (R= 0,66); Y= 60,30 - 2,89X + 2,67X2 - 0,38X3 (R= 0,65); dan Y= 59,58 2,65X + 1,79X2 0,19X3 (R= 0,91). Berdasarkan VFA total, konsentrasi N-NH3, kecernaan bahan kering, dan kecernaan bahan organik disimpulkan bahwa penambahan ekstrak mahoni taraf 3% efisien.(Protection of soybean meal with mahogany leaf extract on rumen fermentation products and in vitro digestibility)ABSTRAK. The aim of this study was to determine the protective effect of soybean meal using mahogany leaf extract on VFAs product, N-NH3 concentration, dry matter digestibility, and organic matter digestibility in vitro. The materials used were mahogany leaves, beef cattle rumen fluid, and reagents for analysis of ammonia and VFA concentrations. The research was conducted in three stages, mahogany extraction, protein protection with mahogany extract, and in vitro stages. The research was experimental with in vitro method using a completely randomized design with 4 treatments and 6 replications so that there were 24 experimental units. The treatments consisted of P0 (soybean meal + 0% mahogany extract), P1 (soybean meal + 1.5% mahogany extract), P2 (soybean meal + 3% mahogany extract) and P3 (soybean meal + 4.5% mahogany extract). Measurement of total VFA using the steam distillation method and N-NH3 with the Conway micro diffusion technique (Smith et al., 2005). The research was carried out at the Animal Nutrition and Forage Science Laboratory (INMT), Faculty of Animal Science, Jenderal Soedirman University. Measurement The results were analyzed statistically by analysis of variance, if there were further differences tested using orthogonal polynomial. The results showed that the protection of soybean meal with mahogany extract significantly affected the total VFA product, N-NH3, dry matter digestibility and organic matter digestibility (P 0.05). It can be concluded that the addition of 3% level mahogany extract is efficient in increasing the total VFA product, N-NH3 concentration, dry matter digestibility, and organic matter digestibility
Effect of Skim Nanoparticles on the Motility and Kinematics of Simmental Cattle Frozen Semen
Full text linkNanotechnology has positively impacted the development of extenders used in the cryopreservation of spermatozoa in livestock. The inclusion of nano skim in the extender is expected to preserve semen quality after thawing. This study aimed to determine the optimal concentration of nano skim. Various concentrations of nano skim (0%, 1.66%, 3.33%, 5%, 6.66%, 8.33%, and 10%) with the addition of 10% nano egg yolk in each extender were compared. Fresh semen samples were collected from three three-year-old Simmental bulls using an artificial vagina. The study parameters included motility (total motility, progressive motility) and kinematics (velocity curve linear (VCL), velocity straight linear (VSL), velocity average pathway (VAP), amplitude lateral head (ALH), beat cross frequency (BCF), straightness (STR), linearity (LIN), and wobble (WOB). A completely randomized design was employed, and data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA). Fresh semen dilution results indicated that only the control group (0%) and the nano skim group with concentrations of 6.66% and 8.33% were eligible for further processing into frozen semen. The results showed no significant difference between the three treatment groups on sperm motility and kinematics of Simmental cattle after thawing (p0.05). The control group exhibited the highest percentage of total motility, VCL, VAP, and ALH values, while the 6.66% nano skim group outperformed the 8.33% nano skim group. The highest percentage of progressive motility and VSL value was observed in the 6.66% nano-skim group compared to the 8.33% nano-skim and control groups. The highest values of BCF, WOB, LIN, and STR was observed in the nano-skim group at 8.33% compared to the nano-skim group at 6.66% and control. The study concluded that 6.66% nano skim was the optimal concentration to maintain the quality of frozen semen of Simmental cattle
Reproductive Performance of Ongole Grade, Simmental, and Limousin Cattle Given Superovulation Treatment
Full text linkReproductive technologies have the potential to enhance livestock productivity, with superovulation being one such method aimed at increasing the number of ovulated oocytes per estrous cycle through hormonal stimulation. This study aimed to evaluate the reproductive performance of three cattle breedsOngole Grade (OG) (n=20), Simmental (n=18), and Limousin (n=20)subjected to superovulation treatment. The cattle, aged 2.5 to 4 years with a body condition score of 3.5 to 4, were intensively managed. Superovulation was induced using CIDR (Controlled Internal Drug Release) for synchronization, followed by follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) administration. Reproductive performance data, including age at first estrus, number of corpora lutea (CL), and embryo production, were collected over three estrous cycles. A quasi-experimental design was employed with breed as the primary treatment factor, and data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results indicated that breed had a significant effect (P0.05) on the age of first estrus, with OG cattle reaching first estrus at 621.393.3 days, Simmental at 522.475.5 days, and Limousin at 570.488.1 days. However, no significant differences (P0.05) were observed among the breeds in terms of the number of CL, collected embryos, or transferable embryos across the superovulation cycles
Effects of Enzyme and Probiotic on the Growth Performance of Broiler Chickens: A Meta-Analysis
Full text linkA meta-analysis was conducted to determine the effects of enzyme and probiotic on the growth performance of broiler chickens. A collection of publications covering the years from 2009 to 2021 was compiled using several keywords, such as enzyme, growth performance, and probiotic. A total of 136 comparisons from 19 in vivo investigations were used to create the final dataset. The data were analyzed using the OpenMEE software, considering the feed additives (enzymes and probiotics) as fixed effects and individual studies as random effects. The result showed an insignificant difference (P0.05) between enzymes and probiotics in terms of improving the body weight gain, feed intake, and feed conversion ratio (FCR) of broilers. In conclusion, both probiotics and enzymes improved broiler performances, such as body weight gain, feed intake and FCR. According to the meta-analysis, the ability of enzymes and probiotics to affect broiler performances was equal
Environmental Factors Influence the Infestation of Gastrointestinal Nematodes in Cattle in Aceh Province
Full text linkABSTRACT. One is the obstacles faced by cattle breeders is the emergence of diseases caused by environmental influences, such as infestation with gastrointestinal nematode worm parasites (digestive tract worms) so that rearing results are non optimal. Due to this, it is necessary to create a model and strategy for controlling diseases that are often affected, especially those caused by environmental conditions, both from the micro environment (climate) and the macro environment (maintenance management) and this is a necessity in order to obtain maximum production and productivity. The goal of this study was to see how environmental conditions affected the presence of gastrointestinal nematode worms in cattle. This study focused on the prevalence and severity of gastrointestinal nematode worm infestation in cattle in Aceh Province's lowland and highland environments. The research was conducted between February-August 2017 in three lowland districts ( 200 masl) with a sample 307 tail and three highland districts ( 600 masl) with a sample 205 tail. According to the study's findings, topographic variations, wet days, and rainfall all had an impact on the prevalence and degree of gastrointestinal nematode worm infestation in cattle (lowland environments had a higher prevalence and degree of infestation than upland environments (P0,05). In the meantime, lowlands maintenance management seemed riskier than highlands maintenance management (P0.01).Pengaruh faktor lingkungan terhadap infestasi nematoda gastrointestinal pada sapi di Provinsi AcehABSTRAK. Salah satu kendala yang dihadapi para peternak sapi adalah munculnya penyakit yang disebabkan pengaruh lingkungan, seperti adanya infestasi parasit cacing nematoda gastrointestinal (cacing saluran pencernaan) sehingga hasil pemeliharaan tidak optimal. Oleh sebab itu, perlu dibuat suatu model dan strategi pengendalian penyakit yang sering terkena dampaknya, terutama yang disebabkan oleh kondisi lingkungan, baik dari lingkungan mikro (iklim) maupun lingkungan makro (manajemen pemeliharaan) dan menjadi suatu keharusan supaya mendapatkan produksi dan produktivitas yang maksimal. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh faktor-faktor di lingkungan terhadap kehadiran cacing nematoda gastrointestinal pada sapi. Secara khusus penelitian ini menganalisis prevalensi dan derajat infestasi cacing nematoda gastrointestinal pada ternak sapi di lingkungan dataran rendah dan dataran tinggi Provinsi Aceh. Penelitian dilaksanakan antara bulan Februari-Agustus 2017 pada tiga kabupaten dataran rendah (200 mdpl) dengan jumlah sampel 307 ekor dan tiga kabupaten dataran tinggi (600 mdpl) dengan jumlah sampel 205 ekor. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa faktor lingkungan seperti perbedaan topografi, hari hujan dan curah hujan berpengaruh terhadap kemunculan cacing nematoda gastrointestinal pada sapi dengan lingkungan dataran rendah lebih tinggi prevalensi dan derajat infestasi daripada dataran tinggi (P0,05). Sementara dari segi manajemen pemeliharaan terlihat sangat berisiko di dataran rendah daripada dataran tinggi (P0,01)