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Physiological Response of Dairy Goats Based on Differences in Age and Measurement Time
Full text linkThis study aimed to determine the extent to which there were differences in the physiological status of dairy goats of different ages, including body temperature, pulse rate, and respiratory rate, with different measurement times. This study used a 42 factorial completely randomized design (CRD). The data obtained were analyzed using ANOVA and further tested using the Duncan's multiple range test. The results of the study showed that the age of the goats did not have a significant effect on body temperature (P0.05), but had a very significant effect on the pulse and respiratory rate of the goats (P0.01). The measurement time had a very significant effect on body temperature (P0.01) but did not show a significant effect on the pulse and respiratory rate of the goats (P0.05). The correlation between age and measurement time showed a very significant difference in body temperature (P0.01) but no significant difference in pulse and respiration (P0.05). This study concludes that age significantly affect the pulse and breath of goats; measurement time significantly affects body temperature, and there is a very significant correlation between age and measurement time on body temperature of goats
Digestibility of Coconut Coir Fiber Fermented by Buffalo Rumen Fluid Microbes in Vitro
Full text linkThis study aimed to examine the digestibility of fiber, including crude fiber, neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and acid detergent fiber (ADF) digestibility of coconut husk fermented using selected buffalo rumen microbes with varying percentages of inoculum and fermentation periods. The study utilized a completely randomized design (CRD) with a factorial pattern (33) and 3 replications. The first factor was the percentage of inoculum (0%, 2.5%, and 5% mL of inoculum per gram of dry matter of coconut husk), and the second factor was the fermentation period (0, 7, and 14 days). The collected data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and, where applicable, Duncans multiple range test. The results indicated that there was no significant interaction (P0.05) between the different percentages of buffalo rumen fluid as inoculum and the varying fermentation periods on crude fiber and ADF digestibility of coconut husk. However, the percentage of buffalo rumen fluid as inoculum had a significant effect (P0.05) on crude fiber and ADF digestibility, and the fermentation period also significantly influenced (P0.05) ADF digestibility. An interaction between the percentage of buffalo rumen fluid and fermentation period had a significant effect (P0.05) on NDF digestibility. The findings concluded that the percentage of buffalo rumen fluid as inoculum and the fermentation period did not increase crude fiber and ADF digestibility; however, the interaction between 2.5% buffalo rumen fluid inoculum and a 14-day fermentation period resulted in improved NDF digestibility of coconut husk
Increased Protein Consumption and Nitrogen Retention of Sheep Fed Sodium Bicarbonate and Fermented Concentrate
Full text linkThis study aimed to evaluate the effects of sodium bicarbonate and fermented concentrate feed on protein consumption and nitrogen retention in sheep. The experiment utilized 18 male local sheep, aged 78 months, with an average body weight of 19.442.37 kg. The animals were fed a diet consisting of ammoniated rice straw (25%) and concentrate (75%). The study employed an in vivo experimental approach using a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD), with initial body weight as the blocking factor and six replicates per treatment group. The treatments were as follows: P1= ammoniated rice straw (25%) + concentrate (75%); P2= ammoniated rice straw (25%) + concentrate (75%) + sodium bicarbonate; and P3= ammoniated rice straw (25%) + concentrate (75%) fermented with Saccharomyces cerevisiae (3%) + sodium bicarbonate. The measured variables were protein consumption and nitrogen retention. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by the Honestly Significant Difference (HSD) test. The mean protein consumption was 129.5810.84 g/head/day (P1), 127.3815.46 g/head/day (P2), and 161.115.32 g/head/day (P3). The mean nitrogen retention was 84.515.50 g/head/day (P1), 83.657.59 g/head/day (P2), and 117.1612.46 g/head/day (P3). HSD analysis revealed that the combination of sodium bicarbonate and fermented concentrate feed (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) resulted in the highest protein consumption and nitrogen retention, with increases of 24.33% and 38.64%, respectively, compared to other treatments
Effect of Raising Laying Hens in Intensive, Continuous and Rotational Free-Range Systems on Egg Production and Yolk Cholesterol Content
Full text linkThis study aimed to evaluate the effects of raising laying hens in intensive cage and various free-range systems on hen-day production (HDP), egg weight, egg mass, yolk cholesterol, and yolk protein content. A total of 80 Isa Brown laying hens, aged 15 weeks and with an average starting weight of 1.20 kg, were assigned to four different rearing treatments: P1 (intensive cage system), P2 (continuous free-range system), P3 (rotational free-range system with two relocations), and P4 (rotational free-range system with four relocations), each with four replicates. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA), and significant differences (P0.05) among treatments were further evaluated using Duncan's multiple range test. The results showed that the rearing system significantly influenced daily body weight gain (DBWG), daily feed intake (DFI), HDP, egg weight, egg mass, feed conversion ratio (FCR), and yolk cholesterol content (P0.05), but had no significant effect on yolk protein content (P0.05). In conclusion, continuous free-range systems led to higher HDP and egg mass, while the intensive cage system resulted in greater egg and body weight, along with higher feed intake. The continuous free-range system was associated with a lower FCR, and the rotational free-range system with four relocations yielded the lowest yolk cholesterol levels
Physiological Response and Endurance of Madurese Cattle and Their Crosses at The Tropical Environment in Pamekasan Regency
Full text linkThis study aimed to determine the physiological response of Madura cattle and Limura cattle (Limousin x Madura) to the tropical environment. The research was conducted in Galis District, Pamekasan Regency from July to August 2024. The sample consisted of 50 Madura and Limura cattle, selected by purposive sampling. The parameters observed included rectal temperature, respiratory frequency, heart rate frequency, Heat Tolerance Coefficient (HTC), as well as the microclimate of the pen, which included air temperature, relative humidity (RH), and Temperature Humidity Index (THI). The results showed that the average THI at the research site was 83.24. The average rectal temperature (C) in the morning, afternoon, and evening for Madura and Limura cattle were as follows: 37.71.5, 38.70.4, 37.20.7 for Madura cattle, and 38.60.5, 38.90.3, 38.50.3 for Limura cattle, respectively. The mean respiratory frequency (times/minute) in the morning, afternoon, and evening for Madura and Limura cattle were: 23.53.4, 28.66.8, 23.35.2 for Madura cattle, and 25.62.0, 30.32.0, 26.73.1 for Limura cattle, respectively. The mean heart rate (times/minute) in the morning, afternoon, and evening for both groups were similar: 65.34.2, 69.59.8, 65.16.7 for Madura cattle, and 65.43.8, 69.811.8, 66.54.2 for Limura cattle, respectively. The mean Heat Tolerance Coefficient (HTC) for Madura and Limura cattle were 2.10.23 and 2.20.1, respectively. It was concluded that both Madura and Limura cattle exhibit similar responses in terms of heart rate and respiration rate. However, Madura cattle have lower rectal temperatures than Limura cattle. The Heat Tolerance Coefficient (HTC) was found to be higher in Limura cattle compared to Madura cattle
Effect of Fermented Vegetable Waste Supplemented with Fish Flour Waste on Nutritional Quality and Performance of Broiler
Full text linkThis study aims to evaluate the effects of fermented vegetable waste supplemented with varying levels of fish waste flour on the nutritional composition of the feed and its impact on broiler performance. The experiment employed a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with four treatments and four replications. The treatments were as follows: T0Vegetable Waste (VW) without Fish Waste Flour Supplementation (FWFS); T1VW+5%FWFS; T2VW+10%FWFS; and T3VW+15%FWFS. Parameters measured included proximate composition and broiler performance indicators. The results demonstrated that the fermentation of vegetable waste with fish waste flour at varying concentrations significantly affected (P0.05) moisture content, crude protein, crude fiber, ash content, feed intake, feed conversion ratio (FCR), and body weight. However, crude fat and nitrogen-free extract (NFE) contents were not significantly affected (P0.05). The supplementation of 10% fish waste flour (T2) yielded the highest values for crude protein, crude fat, and moisture, and also resulted in the best body weight gain and feed conversion ratio among the treatments. In conclusion, the inclusion of 10% fish waste flour in fermented vegetable waste is recommended, as it provides optimal nutritional quality and enhances broiler performance
Association of Growth Hormone Genes with Performance of Crossbreeds of Sentul Chicken and Arab Chicken Using PCR-RFLP
Full text linkThis study evaluated the body weight, weight gain, body measurements, and genetic diversity of the Growth Hormone (GH) gene in male and female Sentul-Arab (SeA) crossbred chickens. It also explored the association between the GH gene and these traits. The research involved 30 male and 30 female SeA chickens reared from day-old chicks (DOC) to four months of age. The experimental method used direct observation to collect data, including body weight, weight gain, body measurements, and blood samples. Data were analyzed using t-tests, the Hotellings T test, and Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Molecular analyses assessed genotype and allele frequencies, Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, heterozygosity levels, and Polymorphic Information Content (PIC). The results indicated that male SeA chickens had significantly higher (P0.05) body weight, weight gain, and body measurements compared to females. GH gene analysis revealed polymorphism, with genotype frequencies of +/+ (0.43), +/- (0.35), and -/- (0.22), consistent with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The heterozygosity levels indicated moderate genetic diversity, while the PIC value fell within the low category. In conclusion, male SeA chickens exhibited superior body weight, weight gain, and body measurements compared to females, with chest circumference and shank length being critical indicators of body size. The polymorphic GH|TaqI gene was associated with body weight, weight gain, and body measurements, with the +/+ genotype showing the most favorable effects
Utilization of Probiotics, Fermented Beverages, and Aspergillus niger in Drinking Water on Performance and Digestive Quality of Broilers (Gallus domesticus)
Full text linkProbiotics and Aspergillus niger are known to play a role in supporting poultry growth and improving digestive tract health. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of probiotics in the form of fermented drinks and A. niger in improving broiler chicken productivity and digestive tract health. The research was conducted at the LLP (Livestock Field Laboratory) of Syiah Kuala University, while the histological observations of the chicken intestinal villi surface were carried out at the Laboratory of Animal Structure and Development, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Syiah Kuala University. The method used in this study was a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 5 treatments (drinking water (control), antibiotic, 5% kefir, 5% Yakult, 2% A. niger) and 3 replications. The experimental animals used were broiler chickens from DOC to harvest age, with an initial average body weight of 5157 g, totalling 75 individuals reared for 4 weeks (30 days). The parameters measured included performance (body weight gain, feed intake, water intake, feed conversion ratio (FCR), defined as the ratio of feed required to produce one unit of body weight, and feed efficiency ratio [FER], defined as the ratio of body weight gain to feed intake), as well as histological features of the intestinal villi (height, apical width, basal width, and total surface area). Data were analysed using ANOVA at a 95% significance level, followed by Duncans multiple range test (P0.05). The results showed that the 5% kefir group (P2) had the best performance, with feed intake of 1294.25194.21 g/bird, feed conversion of 0.90330.13 g/bird, water intake of 4673.1769.06 ml/bird, body weight gain of 1792.2632.34 g/bird, and feed efficiency of 9.48670.74%. Histological analysis showed that the intestinal villi size was highest in the 5% kefir group (P2), with an average villi height of 969.9644.64 m, apical width of 110.9912.23 m, basal width of 106.9712.41 m, and total surface area of 1076.9354.26 m
Addition of Fermented Biomass Combination of Pineapple Waste and Indigofera Leaves in Broiler Rations on Nutrient Digestibility in Vitro and In Vivo
Full text linkThis study aimed to evaluate the effect of adding fermented biomass from a combination of pineapple waste and Indigofera leaves on nutrient digestibility in broiler chickens, both in vitro and in vivo. The materials used included 21-day-old broiler chickens, finisher-phase broiler rations, pineapple waste, and Indigofera leaves. A completely randomized design (CRD) was applied, consisting of five treatments with three replications each. The treatments included different levels of fermented biomass addition to the broiler rations: P1= 100% pineapple waste, P2= 98% pineapple waste + 2% Indigofera, P3= 96% pineapple waste + 4% Indigofera, P4= 94% pineapple waste + 6% Indigofera, and P5= 92% pineapple waste + 8% Indigofera. The results showed that the addition of fermented biomass from pineapple waste and Indigofera leaves had a significant effect (P0.05) on increasing crude protein digestibility and crude fiber digestibility. In conclusion, incorporating fermented biomass of pineapple waste and Indigofera into broiler rations improves protein and fiber digestibility, with the optimal combination being 92% pineapple waste + 8% Indigofera
Nitrogen Retention Value in Local Sheep Fed with Dwarf Elephant Grass (Pennisetum purpureum cv. Mott) and Indigofera (Indigofera zollingeriana)
Full text linkThis study aimed to determine the nitrogen retention in local sheep fed dwarf elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum cv. Mott) and indigofera (Indigofera zollingeriana). A completely randomized design (CRD) was used, consisting of four treatments with four replications each. The dietary treatments included: T= 100% dwarf elephant grass, T= 95% dwarf elephant grass + 5% indigofera, T2= 90% dwarf elephant grass + 10% indigofera, and T= 85% dwarf elephant grass + 15% indigofera. The parameters measured were dry matter intake (DMI), dry matter digestibility (DMD), nitrogen (N) intake, N retention, and average daily gain (ADG). The results showed that DMI, DMD, N intake, N retention, and ADG were significantly (P0.05) influenced by the dietary treatments. Based on these findings, the combination of 95% dwarf elephant grass and 5% indigofera was the most effective in improving DMI, DMD, N intake, N retention, and ADG in local sheep