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Persentase Fertilitas dan Daya Tetas Ayam Cemani dan White Leghorn Berdasarkan Ukuran Bobot Telur
Full text linkABSTRAK. Fertilitas dan daya tetas sangat penting secara ekonomi untuk semua tempat penetasan, oleh karena itu harus diberikan perhatian khusus. Tujuan dari penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh ukuran bobot telur terhadap persentase fertilitas dan daya tetas ayam Cemani dan White Leghorn. Telur tetas (299) dari ayam Cemani dan White Leghorn diperoleh dari kompleks kandang Balitnak dan dibagi menjadi 3 kategori ukuran bobot telur (kecil, sedang, dan besar). Data bobot telur tetas, fertilitas, dan daya tetas dianalisis berdasarkan Rancangan Acak Kelompok pola faktorial 3 x 2. Faktor pertama adalah ukuran bobot telur dan faktor kedua adalah jenis ternak, menggunakan prosedur General Linear Model dari SPSS versi 22. Jika terdapat pengaruh, maka diuji lanjut dengan uji Duncan. Sementara itu, untuk mengetahui hubungan antara ukuran bobot telur terhadap fertilitas dan daya tetas dihitung dengan persamaan regresi. Penelitian menunjukkan ukuran bobot telur secara signifikan (P0,05) memengaruhi bobot telur tetas, fertilitas, dan daya tetas. Telur ukuran sedang memberikan persentase fertilitas dan daya tetas yang lebih baik dibandingkan dengan telur ukuran kecil dan besar. Begitu juga untuk persamaan regresi memperlihatkan ada korelasi positif antara ukuran bobot telur terhadap fertilitas dan daya tetas, di mana ukuran bobot telur sedang mempunyai nilai R tertinggi. Pemilihan telur ukuran sedang akan bermanfaat untuk memaksimalkan persentase fertilitas dan daya tetas.(Percentage of fertility and hatchability of cemani and white leghorn chickens based on size of egg weight) ABSTRACT. Special attention to the trait of fertility and hatchability is very important because these two characteristics have economic value in all hatcheries. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of egg weight size to the fertility and hatchability percentage in Cemani and White Leghorn chickens. The sample used in this research was the hatching eggs of Cemani and White Leghorn chickens (299 eggs) that obtained from the Balitnak chicken station. The eggs are divided into 3 egg weight size categories (small, medium and large). Data on weight of hatching egg, fertility, and hatchability were analyzed based on a 3 x 2 factorial randomized block design. The first factor was egg weight size and the second factor was breed. Data analysis used the General Linear Model procedure from SPSS version 22. If the effect is significantly different, then Duncan's test will be continued. Meanwhile, the correlation between size of egg weight and fertility is analyzed by regression. The results showed that the size of the egg weight was significantly (P0.05) on the hatching egg weight, fertility, and hatchability. The best percentage of fertility and hatchability is eggs in the medium category. Fertility and hatchability of eggs have a positive correlation with egg weight measurements, where the measurement of egg weight in the medium category has the highest R value. The choice of medium size eggs will be beneficial to maximize the percentage of fertility and hatchability
Efek Pemberian Ekstrak Buah Parijoto (Medinilla speciosa) terhadap Suhu Tubuh, Frekuensi Pernapasan dan Profil Sel Darah Putih Kambing Peranakan Etawa
Full text linkABSTRAK. Buah parijoto termasuk tanaman herbal yang dapat dimanfaatkan dalam bidang peternakan sebagai obat dan pakan ternak. Kandungan buah parijoto berupa flavonoid, antioksidan dan saponin dapat meningkatkan daya tahan tubuh. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan suhu tubuh, frekuensi pernapasan dan profil sel darah putih kambing Peranakan Etawa yang diberi ekstrak buah parijoto. Kambing Peranakan Etawa betina berjumlah 16 ekor umur 1,5-2 tahun dengan bobot badan 800,57 kg. Ekstrak buah parijoto diberikan selama 21 hari dan semua data parameter diambil pada hari ke-1, ke-7, ke-14 dan ke-21. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap faktorial 2 faktor (dosis pemberian dan waktu pengamatan) yang terdiri dari 4 perlakuan 4 ulangan. Hasil Interaksi dosis ekstrak buah parijoto dengan waktu pengamatan tidak berpengaruh terhadap suhu badan pada kambing Peranakan Etawa dan antara perlakuan dosis ekstrak buah parijoto dan waktu pengamatan terhadap suhu badan, frekuensi pernapasan dan presentasi neutrofil pada kambing peranakan etawa dengan nilai berturut turut yaitu 0,71; 0,25 dan 0,56 (P0,05). Interaksi dosis ekstrak buah parijoto dengan waktu pengamatan yaitu 0,02; 0,03; 0,01 sehingga terdapat pengaruh nyata (P0,05) antara perlakuan dosis ekstrak buah parijoto dan waktu pengamatan terhadap jumlah sel darah putih, presentasi monosit dan presentasi eosinophil pada kambing peranakan etawa. Pemberian ekstrak buah parijoto dengan dosis dan waktu pengamatan memberikan pengaruh (P0,05) terhadap dengan jumlah sel darah putih, presentasi monosit, presentasi eosinophil tetapi tidak berpengaruh (P0,05) pada suhu badan, frekuensi pernapasan dan presentasi neutrofil.(Effects of parijoto (Medinilla speciosa) fruit extract in body temperature, respiratory frequency and profile of white blood cells on etawa crossbred goat)ABSTRACT. Parijoto fruit includes herbs that can be utilized in the field of livestock as medicine and fodder. The content of the Parijoto fruit in the form of flavonoids, antioxidants, and saponins can increase body endurance. The study aims to determine the relation of body temperature, respiratory frequency and the profile of white blood cells of the Etawa crossbred goat which had given Parijoto fruit extract. The Etawa crossbred goat is 16 head 1.5-2 years old with body weight 80 0.57 kg. Parijoto fruit extracts were administered for 21 days and all parameter data is taken on the 1st, 7th, 14th and 21st day. The study used a complete randomized design of 2-factor factorial (given dose and observation time) consisting of 4 4-replay treatments. The parameters calculated in this study are body temperature, respiratory frequency, white blood cell count, differential leukocytes. The interaction of the dose of Parijoto fruit extract with the time of observation has no effect on the body temperature in the etawa crossbred goat and the treatment of the dose of Parijoto fruit extract and during observation of the body temperature, respiratory frequency and presentation of neutrophils in the Etawa crossbred goat 0.25 and 0.56 (P0.05). Interaction of the dose of Parijoto fruit extract with the current observation of 0.02, 0.03, 0.01 So there is a noticeable influence (P0.05) between the dose treatment of parijoto fruit extract and when observing the number of white blood cells, monocyte presentation and eosinophil presentation on the Etawa crossbred goat. The administration of Parijoto fruit extracts with doses and when the observation gives effect (P0.05) against the number of white blood cells, monocyte presentation, eosinophil presentation but has no effect (P0.05) at body temperature, respiratory frequency and neutrophil presentation
Pengaruh Pemberian Tumbuhan Obat terhadap Performa Produksi dan Karakteristik Reproduksi Ayam Petelur
Full text linkABSTRAK. Performa produksi, jumlah folikel dan berat organ reproduksi diukur pada 40 ekor ayam petelur yang diberi perlakuan penambahan 5% tepung daun tumbuhan obat yaitu daun Katuk (5%TDK), daun Marigold (5%TDM), daun Senduduk (5%TDS) ke dalam ransum. Variabel yang diamati meliputi konsumsi ransum, persentase produksi telur, egg mass production, konversi ransum, berat dan panjang organ reproduksi dan jumlah folikel. Penambahan tepung tanaman obat tidak mempengaruhi konsumsi ransum ayam petelur. Hasil perhitungan persentase produksi telur mingguan menunjukkan hasil yang sama pada semua perlakuan. Perlakuan 5% tepung tanaman herbal tidak mempengaruhi egg mass production. Konversi ransum pada semua kelompok perlakuan tanaman obat adalah sama. Pemberian tepung tanaman obat di dalam ransum petelur tidak berpengaruh nyata pada jumlah folikel. Berat dan panjang organ reproduksi tidak dipengaruhi oleh perlakuan tepung tanaman obat. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa penambahan 5% tepung daun Katuk, Marigold dan Senduduk dalam ransum menunjukkan konsumsi ransum, persentase produksi telur, egg mass production, konversi ransum, bobot dan panjang oviduk, berat ovarium dan jumlah folikel yang sama pada ayam petelur. (Efficacy of medicinal plants on production performance and reproductive characteristics of laying hens)ABSTRACT. Efficacy of Katuk leaf meal, Marigold leaf meal and Senduduk leaf meal on production performance and reproductive characteristics were evaluated. Forty layers aged 32 weeks were distributed into 4 dietary treatments. The layers were housed in individual battery. One-way ANOVA treatment arranged in a Completely Randomized Design was used in this experiment. Dietary treatments were P0 (control without medicinal leaf meal), P1 (diet with 5% Katuk leaf meal), P2 (diet with 5% Marigold leaf meal), P3 (diet with 5% Senduduk leaf meal). This research measured feed intake, egg production, percentage of egg production, feed conversion ratio, number of follicles, weight of ovary, weight and length of oviduct as parameters. Significant results were tested by Duncan Multiple Range Test. The result showed that dietary treatments of medicinal leaf did not affect feed intake and feed conversion ratio of layers. Egg production percentage and egg mass production, the number of follicles, and length and weight of oviduct were similar of all medicinal leaf meal treatments. It can be concluded that feeding medicinal leaf meal did not affect production performance, number of follicles and weight of reproductive organs
Mapping Strategic and Sustainable Relevant Actors of Poultry Production and Business Using Stakeholder Network Analysis
Full text linkABSTRACT. Stakeholders and their network place top rank of value chain business and ruled prominent roles in the livestock development sector particularly poultry commodity. The involvement of many stakeholders and other parties is questionable because they perform and shape the market and business chain. The study was done in Manokwari using focus group discussion towards twenty-four various represented individuals, groups and mass organizations. The key queries discussed concerning the introduced background of the organization, shared resources, inter-connectivity amongst actors, intervention and innovation preferences and shared by actors. Stakeholder Network Analysis was employed to run the network and relationship between actors using the Pearson Correlation Coefficient and Hierarchical Clustering Analysis. The finding is that the stakeholders in the poultry farming systems are dominated by private group actors who are working in groups to manage the farms and its value chain process and officially have been under laws. These actors commonly act like positive important stakeholders, who ruled the farms. The threats are real and exist and should be lowering as much as possible to mitigate the turn-back effect. The top five shared resources are access, spaces, time, policy, knowledge and skills. Those resources will stay longer to sustain the strong needs of poultry farms. The relationship of actors is dominated by the ranges of correlation are varying in between negative, neutral to positive. Actors are not delivering the intervention and innovation yet. Actors with low interest and low power should then be promoted to high interest and high power by using aids, guidance, and services from each actor from its value chain and cooperation and farming business. (Pemetaan Pemangku Produksi dan Bisnis Unggas Strategis dan Berkelanjutan Dengan Aplikasi Analisis Jaringan Stakeholder) ABSTRAK. Pemangku kepentingan dan jaringannya menempati peringkat teratas dalam bisnis rantai nilai dan memegang peran penting dalam sektor pengembangan peternakan khususnya komoditas unggas. Keterlibatan banyak pemangku kepentingan dan pihak lain patut dipertanyakan. Penelitian dilakukan di Manokwari dengan menggunakan FGD terhadap dua puluh empat perwakilan individu, kelompok dan ormas. Pertanyaan utama membahas tentang latar belakang organisasi yang diperkenalkan, sumber daya bersama, interkoneksi antar aktor, preferensi intervensi dan inovasi dan dibagikan oleh aktor. Analisis Jaringan Pemangku Kepentingan digunakan untuk menjalankan jaringan dan hubungan dengan menggunakan Koefisien Korelasi Pearson dan Analisis Pengelompokan Hirarkis. Temuannya adalah bahwa para pemangku kepentingan dalam sistem peternakan unggas didominasi oleh pelaku kelompok swasta yang bekerja dalam kelompok untuk mengelola peternakan dan proses rantai nilainya dan secara resmi berada di bawah undang-undang. Aktor ini biasanya bertindak seperti pemangku kepentingan penting yang positif, yang mengatur pertanian. Ancaman itu nyata dan ada dan harus diturunkan sebanyak mungkin untuk mengurangi efek balik. Lima sumber daya bersama teratas adalah akses, ruang, waktu, kebijakan, pengetahuan, dan keterampilan. Sumber daya tersebut akan bertahan lebih lama untuk menopang kebutuhan kuat peternakan unggas. Hubungan antar aktor didominasi oleh rentang korelasi yang bervariasi antara negatif, netral hingga positif. Para pelaku belum melakukan intervensi dan inovasi. Pelaku dengan kepentingan rendah dan kekuasaan rendah kemudian harus dipromosikan menjadi kepentingan tinggi dan kekuasaan tinggi dengan menggunakan bantuan, bimbingan, dan layanan dari masing-masing pelaku dari rantai nilai dan koperasi dan usaha tani
Efektivitas Pemberian Beberapa Preparat Hormon Prostaglandin Komersial terhadap Persentase Berahi Sapi di Kabupaten Labuhanbatu Selatan, Sumatera Utara
Full text linkABSTRAK. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh perbedaan PGF2 analog terhadap persentase berahi sapi di Labuhanbatu Selatan. Sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data hasil UPSUS SIWAB tahun 2017. Dalam penelitian ini digunakan data 2.547 ekor sapi yang memiliki variasi breed dan umur, dengan skor kondisi tubuh baik. Sapi-sapi dikelompokkan menjadi tiga kelompok berdasarkan preparat sinkronisasi berahi yang digunakan. K1= kelompok sapi yang diinjeksi dengan 5 ml PGF2-1 (dinoprost tromethamine 5 mg/ml dan benzil alkohol 1,65%) berjumlah 1.300 ekor. K2= kelompok sapi yang diinjeksi dengan 5 ml PGF2-2 (dinoprost tromethamine 5,5 mg/ml dan benzil alkohol 12,0 mg/ml) berjumlah 600 ekor. K3= kelompok sapi yang diinjeksi dengan 2 ml PGF2-3 (cloprostenol 75 mg/ml dan chlorocresol 1,0 mg/ml) berjumlah 647 ekor. Penyuntikan dilakukan secara intramuskulus, dua kali dengan interval 10 hari. Data yang diperoleh kemudian dianalisis menggunakan uji Kruskal Wallis dan dilanjutkan dengan uji Mann Withney. Hasil analisis menunjukkan persentase berahi pada kelompok 1; 2; dan 3 masing-masing 80,7%; 50% dan 61,8% (P0,01). Dari hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa PGF2-1 mempunyai efektivitas lebih baik dibandingkan PGF2-2 dan PGF2-3 dalam induksi sinkronisasi berahi pada sapi di Kabupaten Labuhanbatu Selatan, Sumatera Utara.(Effectiveness of different commercial prostaglandin hormone administration on the percentage of estrous in cattles in South Labuhanbatu, North Sumatera)ABSTRACT. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of differences PGF2 analogues on the percentage of estrus in cattles in South Labuhanbatu. The sample used in this study was the 2017 SIWAB UPSUS data. Data of 2,547 cattles with various breed and age as well as in good body condition scores were selected. The cattles were grouped into three data groups based on the hormone used for estrus synchronization. The cattles in data group I (1300 cows) were injected with 5 ml PGF2-1 (dinoprost tromethamine 5 mg/ml and benzyl alcohol 1.65%). The cattles in data group II (600 cows) were injected with 5 ml PGF2-2 (5.5 mg/ml dinoprost tromethamine and 12.0 mg/ml benzyl alcohol). The cattles in data group III (647) were injected with 2 ml of PGF2-3 (cloprostenol 75 g/ml and chlorocresol 1.0 mg/ml). Injections were carried out intramuscularly, twice at 10-day intervals. The data obtained were then analyzed Kruskal Wallis and continued with Mann Withney test. The results showed that the percentage of estrus in groups I; II; and III were 80.7%; 50% and 61.8% (P0.01). From the results of the study it can be concluded that Lutalyse has better effectiveness than Capriglandin and Sincrovall in the induction of synchronization estrus in cattle in South Labuhanbatu, North Sumatera
Performa Pertumbuhan Ayam IPB-D1 pada Perlakuan Pakan dan Manajemen Pemeliharaan yang Berbeda
Full text linkABSTRAK. Pelepasan ayam IPB-D1 sebagai rumpun baru yang disebar di masyarakat maka sistem pemeliharaannya secara umum bersifat ekstensif dan pakan yang diberikan memanfaatkan pakan lokal. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui performa ayam IPB-D1 dengan perlakuan pemeliharaan P1 (sistem kandang Closed House dan penggunaan 100% pakan komersil) serta perlakuan P2 (sistem kandang umbaran dan pencampuran pakan lokal hingga 70%). Penelitian ini menggunakan ayam IPB-D1 berjumlah 503 ekor DOC yang dipelihara hingga umur 12 minggu. Performa ayam diukur berdasarkan bobot badan, laju pertumbuhan, konsumsi pakan, konversi pakan serta tingkat kematian ayam pada umur DOC-12 minggu. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif dengan menyajikan rataan, simpangan baku, koefisien keragaman dan analisis statistik menggunakan uji T. Hasil penelitian performa ayam IPB-D1 pada perlakuan P1 diperoleh bobot badan jantan 1378.2694.56 g dan betina 1178.33119.33 g, sedangkan pada perlakuan P2 diperoleh bobot badan jantan 1173.8260.1 g dan betina 957201.7 g. Laju pertumbuhan pada kedua perlakuan bersifat positif, serta konversi pakan pada perlakuan P1 (2.88) dan P2 (3.44) cukup baik. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah ayam IPB-D1 diperoleh performa yang sangat baik pada perlakuan P1 dan mampu beradaptasi pada perlakuan kandang sistem umbaran serta mampu memanfaatkan campuran pakan lokal yang baik pada perlakuan P2. (The growth performance of IPB-D1 chickens in different feed treatments and production systems) ABSTRACT. The release of the IPB-D1 chicken as a new breed that is spread in the community, the production system is generally extensive and the feed provided utilizes local feed. The purpose of this study was to determine the performance of IPB-D1 chicken with production treatment P1 (Closed House cage and use of 100% commercial feed) and P2 treatment (outdoor cage and use local feed mixing up to 70%). This study used 503 DOC IPB-D1 chickens which were maintained until 12 weeks of age. Chicken performance was measured based on body weight, growth rate, feed consumption, feed conversion and chicken mortality at 1-12 weeks. Data were statistically analyzed using the T test and descriptive analysis with means, standard deviations, and coefficient of diversity. The results of the study of the performance of IPB-D1 chickens in P1 treatment obtained male body weights 1378.26 94.56 g and females 1178.33 119.33 g, while in P2 treatment obtained male body weights 1173.8 260.1 g and females 957 201.7 g. Growth rates in both treatments were positive, and feed conversion was good in P1 treatments (2.88) and P2 treatments (3.44). The conclusion is that the IPB-D1 chicken obtained a very good performance in the P1 treatment and was able to adapt to the treatment of outdoor cages and was able to utilize the local feed mixture in the P2 treatment
Performan dan Produksi Karkas Itik Lokal dengan Pemberian Ransum yang Mengandung Limbah Ikan Leubiem (Canthidermis maculata)
Full text linkABSTRAK. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi performan dan produksi karkas itik lokal yang diberi ransum mengandung limbah ikan leubim (Canthidermis maculata). Materi penelitian yang digunakan adalah 100 ekor itik lokal jantan umur 1 hari yang dipelihara hingga umur 16 minggu. Metode penelitian dilakukan secara eksperimental menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) yang terdiri 5 perlakuan ransum dan 4 ulangan. Perlakuan ransum yang digunakan adalah : R0 (ransum kontrol /tanpa limbah ikan leubim), R1 (ransum mengandung 10% tepung kulit ikan leubim), R2 (ransum mengandung 10% tepung kepala ikan leubim), R3 (ransum mengandung 10% tepung tulang ikan leubim), dan R4 (ransum mengandung 10% kombinasi limbah ikan leubim/tepung kulit, kepala dan tulang). Variabel yang diamati yaitu: konsumsi ransum, bobot badan akhir, konversi ransum, mortalitas, bobot karkas dan persentase karkas. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) dan dilanjutkan dengan uji jarak berganda Duncan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian ransum yang mengandung tepung limbah ikan leubim sebanyak 10% dalam formulasi ransum memberi pengaruh yang signifikan (p0,05) terhadap konsumsi ransum, bobot badan akhir, nilai konversi ransum, bobot karkas dan persentase karkas itik lokal jantan umur 16 minggu, namun tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap mortalitas. Kesimpulan penelitian adalah penggunaan kombinasi limbah ikan leubim (tepung kulit, kepala dan tulang) sebanyak 10% dalam formulasi ransum dapat meningkatkan bobot badan akhir, bobot karkas dan persentase karkas, serta dapat menurunkan konversi ransum itik lokal jantan umur 16 minggu.(Performance and carcass production of local ducks by ration containing of leubiem fish waste (Canthidermis maculata))ABSTRACT. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the use of leubim fish (Canthidermis maculata) waste in ration formulations on the performance and carcass production of local ducks. The research material used was 100 male local ducks 1-16 weeks old. The research method was conducted experimentally using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of 5 treatments and 4 replications. The treatment ration used was as follows: R0 (control ration/without leubim fish waste), R1 (ration containing 10% leubim fish skin), R2 (ration containing 10% leubim fish head), R3 (ration containing 10% leubim fish bone), and R4 (ration contains 10% combination of leubim fish waste/skin, head, and bones). The observed variables were: feed consumption, final body weight, feed conversion, mortality, carcass weight, and carcass percentage. Data were analyzed with Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The results showed that the use of leubim fish waste in ration 10% had a significant effect (p0.05) on ration consumption, final body weight, conversion ratio, carcass weight, and carcass percentage of male local ducks, but did not significantly affect mortality. The study concluded that the use of 10% leubim fish waste combination in ration formulation could increase the final body weight, carcass weight, carcass percentage and decrease feed conversion of the male local ducks age 16 weeks
Potensi Khamir Kluyveromyces lactis dalam Meningkatkan Kualitas Susu Fermentasi yang Ditambah Jagung Manis (Zea mays saccharata Linn)
Full text linkABSTRAK. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui peningkatan kualitas produk susu fermentasi dengan menggunakan khamir Kluyveromyces lactis dan penambahan jagung manis. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) pola faktorial yang terdiri dari 2 faktor dan 2 level, yaitu faktor penambahan jagung manis (Zea mays saccharata Linn) (A) terdiri atas 25% (a1) dan 75% (a2), dan faktor penambahan khamir Kluyveromyces lactis (B) terdiri atas 0.5% (b1) dan 1% (b2), dengan lima kali ulangan pada masing-masing perlakuan sehingga memperoleh 20 satuan percobaan. Parameter yang diamati antara lain adalah kadar protein, kadar lemak, kadar asam laktat dan derajat keasaman (pH). Data yang diperoleh dianalisis secara statistik menggunakan ANOVA dan dilanjutkan dengan uji lanjut Duncan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan khamir Kluyveromyces lactis tidak berpengaruh nyata (P0.05) terhadap kadar protein, lemak, kadar asam laktat dan derajat keasaman (pH). Sementara penambahan jagung manis tidak berpengaruh nyata (P0.05) terhadap kadar protein dan derajat keasaman (pH), namun berpengaruh sangat nyata (P0.01) terhadap kadar lemak dan kadar asam laktat. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa penambahan khamir Kluyveromyces lactis 1% dan jagung manis (Zea mays saccharata Linn) 75% pada produk susu fermentasi dapat meningkatkan kualitas produk susu.(Potential of yeast-Kluyveromyces lactis in improving quality of fermented milk added sweet corn (Zea mays saccharata Linn))ABSTRACT. The aims of this research were to determine the quality improvement of fermented milk products using Kluyveromyces lactis and the addition of sweet corn. This study used factorial experiment conducted with completely randomized design (CRD) which divide into 2 factors and 2 levels, there were the addition of sweet corn (Zea mays saccharata Linn) factors (A) consist of 25% (a1) and 75% (a2), and the addition of yeast Kluyveromyces lactis factors (B) consist of 0.5% (b1) and 1% (b2), with five replications on each treatment to obtain 20 units of experiment. The observed parameters such as protein levels, fat levels, lactic acid levels and acidity degree (pH). Research data were analyzed statistically by using ANOVA and continued by Duncan's tests. The results showed that the addition of yeast Kluyveromyces lactis had no significant effect (P 0.05) on protein levels, fat levels, lactic acid levels and acidity degree (pH). While the addition of sweet corn had no significant effect (P 0.05) on protein levels and acidity degree (pH), but it had a very significant effects (P 0.01) on fat levels and lactic acid levels. The results indicate the addition of yeast Kluyveromyces lactis 1% and sweet corn (Zea mays saccharata Linn) 75% in fermented milk products can improve the quality of dairy products
Histologi, Histomorfometri, dan Histokimia Hati Ayam Buras (Gallus gallus domesticus) Selama Periode Sebelum dan Setelah Menetas
Full text linkABSTRAK. Hati adalah kelenjar terbesar yang terdapat di dalam tubuh dan dapat dianggap sebagai organ pusat dalam pemeliharaan suplai energi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui histologi, histomorfometri, dan histokimia sebaran glikogen pada hati ayam buras sebelum dan sesudah menetas. Sampel penelitian dibagi menjadi empat kelompok tingkat umur berbeda dan masing-masing kelompok berjumlah enam hati ayam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perbedaan nyata (P0,05) pertumbuhan hati ayam buras secara makroskopis. Pada setiap perkembangan sudah terdapat hepatosit berbentuk poligon yang memiliki inti sel bulat di tengah hepatosit, terdapat juga vena central yang dilapisi sel endotel pipih selapis serta didapati sinusoid yang berada diantara hepatosit, dan juga ditemukan Kupffers cell hanya pada hati ayam setelah menetas hari ke-7. Hasil pengukuran diameter vena central hati ayam buras hari ke-7, hari ke-14, hari ke- 20 sebelum menetas dan hari ke-7 setelah menetas berturut-turut adalah 17,70 1,16 m; 60,32 2,22 m; 49,316 1,93 m; dan 129,11 7,43 m. Hasil histokimia sebaran glikogen pada hati ayam buras hari ke-14, hari ke- 20 sebelum menetas dan hari ke-7 setelah menetas berturut-turut adalah 1,44 0,93; 2,27 0,74; dan 2,77 0,15. Dapat disimpulkan, bahwa diameter vena central dan sebaran glikogen meningkat seiring pertumbuhan ayam buras.(Histological, histomorphometrical, and histochemical of liver on native chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) during pre and posthatch period) ABSTRACT. The liver is the largest gland in the body and considered as a central organ in maintaining energy supplies. The study aimed to determine the histologic, histomorphometric and histochemical of glycogen distribution in the liver of native chicken during pre and posthatching period.. The study sample were divided into four different age groups and each group consisted of six chicken livers. The results showed a significant difference (P0,05) in native chicken liver growth macroscopically. In every development there are already polygonal hepatocytes that have a round cell nucleus in the middle of the hepatocytes, there is also a central vein that is coated with a layer of flat endothelial cells and also sinusoids that are between the hepatocytes, and kupffer's cells also found in chicken liver 7th day posthatching. The results measurements of the central vein diameter in liver native chickens on the 7th, 14th, 20th pre hatching period and 7th post hatching were 17.70 1.16 m; 60.32 2.22 m; 49.32 1.93 m; and 129.11 7,43 m; The measure results of the glycogen distribution in liver native chickens on the 14th, 20th pre hatching period and 7th post hatching were 1,44 0,93; 2,27 0,74; and 2,77 0,15. It can be concluded, that central vein diameter and glycogen distribution were increased by growth of native chickens
Pengaruh Lama Pemeraman dan Metode Pengolahan terhadap Kualitas Fisik dan Kandungan Nutrisi Jerami Jagung
Full text linkABSTRAK. Jerami jagung berpotensi sebagai pakan ruminansia, tapi terkendala tingginya kandungan lignin dan rendahnya protein kasar serta kecernaan. Pengolahan jerami jagung secara biologi, kimia dan kombinasi biologi-kimia dengan lama pemeraman berbeda diharapkan dapat memperbaiki kualitas fisik, meningkatkan kandungan protein kasar dan menurunkan kandungan lignin. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui kandungan nutrisi dan kualitas fisik jerami jagung dengan metode pengolahan dan lama pemeraman berbeda. Parameter yang diukur yaitu: kualitas fisik (pH, aroma, tekstur, warna, keberadaan jamur) serta kandungan nutrisi (protein kasar, serat kasar, NDF, ADF, selulosa, hemiselulosa dan lignin). Percobaan ini disusun dalam rancangan acak lengkap pola faktorial 3 x 3. Perlakuan terdiri atas dua faktor, (A) metode pengolahan, yaitu A1: pengolahan biologi (10% feses ayam); A2: pengolahan kimia (5% urea); A3: kombinasi pengolahan secara biologi dan kimia (10% feses ayam + 5% urea). (B) lama pemeraman, yaitu B1: 0 hari (tanpa pemeraman); B2: 14 hari; B3: 28 hari. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan metode pengolahan berbeda berpengaruh sangat nyata (P0,01) terhadap pH, aroma, keberadaan jamur, kandungan hemiselulosa, ADF, NDF, serat kasar dan protein kasar. Lama pemeraman berpengaruh sangat nyata (P0,01) terhadap pH, aroma, tekstur, keberadaan jamur, serta kandungan nutrisi (lignin, hemiselulosa, selulosa, ADF, NDF, protein kasar dan serat kasar). Interaksi antara lama pemeraman dengan metode pengolahan juga berpengaruh sangat nyata (P0,01) terhadap pH, keberadaan jamur, kandungan hemiselulosa, NDF, ADF dan serat kasar jerami jagung. Kombinasi pengolahan secara biologi dan kimia (10% feses ayam dan 5% urea) pada jerami jagung dengan lama pemeraman 28 hari menunjukkan hasil yang optimal dengan kandungan serat kasar 9,93%; NDF 61,27% dan ADF 46,95% untuk dimanfaatkan sebagai pakan ruminansia.(The effect of fermentation length and pretreatment method on physical quality and nutritional content of corn straw) ABSTRACT. Corn straw can be used as ruminant feed, but is constrained by its high lignin and low crude protein content and digestibility. Biological, chemical and biological-chemical pretreatments with different fermentation length are expected to improve physical quality, increase crude protein content and reduce lignin content. The aims of research was to determine the physical quality and nutritional content of corn straw with different pretreatment methods and fermentation lengths. The parameters measured were physical quality (pH, aroma, texture, color, presence of mold) and nutrient content (lignin, hemicellulose, cellulose, ADF, NDF, crude fiber and crude protein). The experiment was conducted with a completely randomized design, with 3x3 factorial arrangement of treatments. Factor A: pretreatment methods, i. e. A1: biological pretreatment (10% poultry manure); A2: chemical pretreatment (5% urea); A3: biological- chemical pretreatment (10% poultry manure + 5% urea). Factor B: fermentation lengths, i. e. B1: 0 d (without fermentation); B2: 14 d; B3: 28 d. The results showed that different pretreatment methods had significant effect (P0.01) on pH, aroma, the presence of mold, crude protein, crude fiber, NDF, ADF and hemicellulose contents. Fermentation lengths had significant effect (P0.01) on pH, aroma, texture, the presence of mold, and nutritional content of corn straw (crude protein, crude fiber, NDF, ADF, cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin). The interaction between fermentation length and the pretreatment method also had significant effect (P0.01) on pH, the presence of mold, crude fiber, NDF, ADF and hemicellulose contents. Biological-chemical pretreatment (addition of 10% poultry manure and 5% urea) on corn straw with 28 days fermentation showed optimal results, because of its lowest crude fiber content (9.93%); NDF (61.27%) and ADF (46.95%) that can be used as ruminant feed