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Modification versus predication and binding: Prenatal particle verb and prefix verb structures in German
Get PDFBefore modification of their GOAL prepositional phrase by a directional adverb makes them so, prepositional particle verb structures in German like UMschreiben ‘rewrite’ or DURCHweben ‘weave through’ serve to derive in an applicative diathesis prepositional prefix verb structures like umSCHREIBen ‘circumscribe’ or durchWEBen ‘interweave’ (where capitals signal word accent). The diathesis creates an extra inner predication structure (Basilico 1998), introducing a GOTH subject of predication and grammatical object that binds in a reflexive-like (lambda-)relation the original GOAL and THEME. The predication counters an offending asymmetry in the coupling of semantic roles and grammatical functions. In the particle verb case, the offense is redressed externally, via upcycling of a feature that remains locally uninterpretable due to the violation of harmonic linking
Sprach(en)politik: Einführende theoretische Überlegungen und aktuelle gesellschaftliche Diskurse in Deutschland
Get PDFDieser Beitrag gibt zunächst eine Einführung in die aktuelle internationale sprach(en)politische Theorie. Diese mündet in einer zeitgemäßen Definition von „Sprach(en)politik“, die versucht, die Vielfalt der Aspekte in diesem Feld zu vereinen, die wiederum im Modell GÖMAS graphisch visualisiert werden können. Im Anschluss wird überblicksartig Sprach(en)politik in Deutschland umrissen. Dazu gehören vor allem Sprachdiskurse und - Praktiken, die unterhalb der Ebene einer offiziellen, kohärenten Sprach(en) politik stattfinden. Als Grundtendenz lassen sich aktuelle sprach(en)politische Debatten in „progressivere“ und „konservativere“ Positionen einteilen, z.B. im Umgang mit gesellschaftlicher Mehrsprachigkeit oder in Diskussionen und Vorgaben zum „Gendern“. Der Beitrag schließt mit einem Plädoyer für Toleranz gegenüber sprachlicher Vielfalt, zumal Vorschriften und sprach(en) politische Eingriffe in das Sprachverhalten Einzelner nicht der liberalen, pluralistischen Tradition der Sprach(en)politik Deutschlands entsprechend. Gleichzeitig sollten heutige Bedürfnisse und Kompetenzen von Sprechern in einer mehrsprachigen Gesellschaft gewürdigt werden.This paper first provides a brief introduction to comtemporary international theory of Language Policy and Planning (LPP). It culminates in an up-to-date definition which aims to unite the diversity of aspects in the field. This may, at the same time, be visualised using the GÖMAS / HEMALP graphic model. In a second part, the paper gives an overview of LPP in Germany. These mostly consist of discourses and practices below the level of an official coherent policy. As a general tendency, many of the current debates may be placed in either more “progressive” or more “conservative” approaches, e.g. with regard to societal multilingualism or regarding discussions and pressure to use so-called “gender-sensitive” language. The paper concludes with a call for tolerance for linguistic diversity, in particular in the light of the German liberal and pluralist tradition of not intervening into language choices of individuals. At the same time, all competences and needs of language users in today’s multilingual society of Germany should be appreciated
National library as corpus: introducing DeLiKo@DNB – a large synchronous German fiction corpus
No full textThis paper introduces DeLiKo@DNB, a large, linguistically annotated, and large, freely accessible contemporary corpus of German fiction. The corpus currently comprises 2 billion words from over 26,000 books published between 2005 and the present, spanning pulp and genre fiction as well as literary award-winning works. We provide a detailed account of the corpus composition, metadata, and key features. Additionally, we outline our approach to ensuring lawful and productive access by deploying an instance of the open-source corpus analysis platform KorAP within the German National Library
Introducing traveling word pairs in historical semantic change: a case study of privacy words in 18th and 19th century English
No full textIn recent years, Lexical semantic change detection (LSCD) has become a central task of NLP. Because most studies in LSCD only consider the semantic change of words in isolation, in this paper, we propose a new direction for the analysis of semantic shifts: traveling word pairs. First, we introduce shift correlation to find pairs of words that semantically shift together in a similar fashion. Second, we propose word relation shift to analyze how the relationship between two words has changed over time. As a test case, we investigate the word privacy (and related words identified by a pre-existing dictionary), as an example of a word that has shifted semantics historically and remains vibrantly explored as a concept in contemporary humanistic discourse. We report that the term privacy in comparison shows relatively little change initially – with correlation analysis revealing more about how key terms surrounding privacy have shifted in tandem, and explore nuanced changes through word pair analysis, suggesting a shift toward concreteness in particular
Diskursanalytische Perspektiven auf medizinische Fachkommunikation im europäischen Kontext
No full textEuropa ist nicht nur eine politische, rechtliche und ökonomische Gemeinschaft, sondern auch ein gemeinsamer diskursiver Raum: Trotz der vordergründig einzelsprachlichen Kulturbindung diskutieren die Bürger Europas gemeinschaftlich ein breites Spektrum gesellschaftlich relevanter Fragen. Insbesondere die medizinische Kommunikation, die sich einerseits auf fachsprachliche Inhalte aus verschiedensten Bereichen (Medizin, Ethik, Recht, Politik etc.) bezieht, andererseits jedoch auch hochgradig emotional ist, bietet sowohl aus linguistischer als auch aus interdisziplinärer Sicht ein hohes Erkenntnispotenzial.
Der vorliegende Sammelband umfasst unterschiedlichste Untersuchungen der medizinischen Kommunikation unter Einbindung fünf verschiedener europäischer Sprachen, die sowohl traditionelle diskursanalytische Fragen zu Argumentationsstrukturen, Moralisierungen und Metaphern als auch übersetzungstheoretische Aspekte von der frühen Neuzeit bis ins Zeitalter der Künstlichen Intelligenz abbilden
Editorial
Get PDFFailed experiments typically have no place in scientific discourse; they are discarded and not published. We believe that this practice results in a loss of potential knowledge gain. A systematic reflection on the causes of failures allows for the critical examination and/or improvement of methods used. Furthermore, when previously failed experiments are repeated and subsequently succeed, progress can be explicitly determined. From the perspective of methodological reflection, the discussion and documentation of failures thus provide added value for the scientific community. This is particularly true in a field like research on and with generative artificial intelligence (AI), which lacks a long-standing tradition and in which best practices are still in the process of being established.
This JLCL special issue focuses on linguistic and NLP experiments with generative AI that did not yield the desired results. All papers explore the extent in which their failed experiment can contribute to knowledge gain regarding the work with generative AI
Terminology principles and support for spoken language system development
Get PDFSpoken language (SL) system development is an increasingly interdisciplinary effort. Speech-to-speech system development, for example, involves speech engineers, software engineers, phoneticians, and a variety of computational linguistic subdisciplines from morphology, syntax and lexicology through semantics and pragmatics, each with their own historically motivated terminology. In our experience this ‘terminology barrier’ makes communication between the disciplines unnecessarily difficult. As a contribution to reducing the terminology barrier we propose a set of new speech specific terminological principles and a prototype term bank with an Internet interface for this specific purpose. The result is one of the outputs of the spoken language working group of the LE EAGLES Phase II project (LE3-4244 10484/0)
Speech planning depends on next-speaker selection: evidence from pupillometry in question–answer sequences in naturalistic triadic conversation
Get PDFNext-speaker selection, which controls who should speak next, is fundamental to turn taking. While it is central in Conversation Analysis, little is known about its cognitive repercussions. We draw on turn-taking and pupillometric data in triadic interaction, investigating open-floor questions, which license more than one participant to respond, and closed-floor questions, which license only a single participant to answer. Comparing pupil size changes in answerers versus not-answerers at turn transitions, we find that answerers’ pupils dilate irrespective of question type, while not-answerers’ pupils dilate only in open-floor questions, indicating that in closed-floor questions not-selected participants do not prepare a response, whereas in open-floor questions both recipients engage in response planning, even if only one responds. Mutual gaze, by contrast, is not found to have an effect on pupil size at turn transitions. We propose an extension to the current model of language processing in turn taking, including next-speaker selection as a relevant variable impacting interlocutors’ behavior and their mental processes
Nationale Forschungsdateninfrastruktur (NFDI). Collaborative work in NFDI. Dataset Documentation
Get PDFThe non-profit association National Research Data Infrastructure (NFDI) promotes science and research through a National Research Data Infrastructure. Its aim is to develop and establish an overarching research data management (RDM) for Germany and to increase the efficiency of the entire German science system. After a two-and-a-half year build up phase, the process of adding new consortia, each representing a different data domain, has ended in March 2023. NFDI consists of 26 disciplinary consortia and one additional basic service collaboration (Base4NFDI).
The attached table of jointly documented cross-consortial collaborations is based on a White Paper ratified by the NFDI association’s consortia assembly in January 2023. It defines collaborations as “the exchange of information on or development of common approaches to managing the research data of at least one domain.” From the perspective of the consortia assembly, “A necessary condition for any collaboration is that activities are on behalf and in line with the strategic aims of a consortium and are not activities by individuals within them only.”
The tabular overview of the collaborations was created as a collaborative work in which all consortia had the opportunity to enter joint activities. Nevertheless, this document does not claim to be complete. Instead, it is constantly updated to reflect the evolving state of NFDI. A first version of the document was published in 2023, a second in 2024. This is the third version and future collaboration will be published in updated versions