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Shared Standardization Factors in the History of Sixteen Germanic Languages
No full textDer vorliegende Artikel diskutiert einige Themen, die sich aus dem Vergleich der Standardisierungsprozesse verschiedener germanischer Sprachen ableiten lassen. Es wird eine Reihe „typischer Standardisierer“ vorgestellt, die in der Geschichte der verschiedenen hier untersuchten Sprachen auftreten: Buchdrucker, Zentren politischer Macht, Wirtschaft und Handel, Schriftsteller, Schulen, staatliche Institutionen der Sprachplanung, Wissenschaftler und nicht zuletzt die Medien. Im Anschluss untersuche ich kurz auch einige „ideologische Aspekte“ der Standardisierung, d.h. die Art und Weise, in der Standardisierungsprozesse für ideologische Zwecke verwendet und missbraucht wurden.This article discusses а number o f issues that can be deducted from compar- ing the Standardization process o f different Germanic languages. It lists а series o f ‘typical standardizers’ that appear in the histories o f the different languages under scrutiny. This list includes printers, centres o f political power, commerce and trade, literary authors, schools, official language plan- ning bodies, academics and, finally, the media. Towards the end o f the arti- cle, I briefly look at ‘ideological aspects’ o f Standardization, i.e. at the ways in which Standardization processes have been used and abused for ideological reasons
Ethnolekte in der Mediengesellschaft. Stilisierung und Sprachideologie in Performance, Fiktion und Metasprachdiskurs
No full textVor dem Hintergrund der aktuellen Ethnolekt- und Sprachideologieforschung untersucht dieser Beitrag die massenmediale Konstitution sprachlicher Ideologien über deutsche Ethnolekte. Massenmedien sind Schauplatz einer vielschichtigen Auseinandersetzung mit Ethnolekten, welche die Diffusion metasprachlichen Wissens, die Stilisierung stereotypischer Ethnolekt-Sprecher und die explizite Kommentierung, Bewertung und Interpretation von Ethnolekten umfasst. Daten aus Unterhaltungsgattungen (Film, Comedy, Popmusik) und metasprachlichen Medienberichten werden auf die sprachideologische Verarbeitung von Ethnolekten untersucht, wobei insbesondere die drei von Irvine/Gal (2000) postulierten Funktionen sprachlicher Ideologie - Ikonisierung, Rekursivität und Löschung - als analytischer Leitfaden dienen. Es kann nachgewiesen werden, dass quer durch diese Daten Kernelemente einer konstanten Sprachideologie über Ethnolekte hervortreten, die als „Normferne“, „Fremdheit“ und „gesellschaftliche Negativität“ zusammengefasst werden. Die Thematisierung von Ethnolekten in medialen Metasprachdiskursen arbeitet mit wenigen Leitmerkmalen, deren soziale Zuweisung und Interpretation jedoch hochgradig ambivalent sind. Gleichzeitig geben mediale Meta- sprachdiskurse auch ethnolektale Merkmale an, die aus linguistischer Sicht nicht nachvollziehbar bzw. irreführend sind. Der Beitrag zeigt, dass die Untersuchung von Sprachideologie eine fruchtbare Ergänzung bisheriger soziolinguistischer Zugänge zu Ethnolekten darstellt, und unterstützt die These, dass Mediendiskurse eine zentrale Triebkraft in der Entwicklung sprachlicher Ideologien über neue Varietäten des Deutschen sind.This article examines the ways in which ethnolectal German - i.e. varieties of German spoken by second-generation youth of migrant descent - are represented in Contemporary media discourse in Germany. It draws its theoretical framework from language ideology research, and, in particular, makes use of the three semiotic processes of language ideology proposed by Irvine/Gal (2000), i.e. iconization, fractal recursivity, and erasure. These are used to examine how ethnolectal German is represented in genres of performance and fiction, as well as in metalinguistic media reports. Despite all genre- and to-pic-related differences across these data, media representations of ethnolectal German share а common language-ideological core, which is summarized as ‘non-standardness’, ‘foreigness’, and ‘negativity’. Irvine and Gal's processes of language ideology all contribute to the articulation of these three values. Media reports on ethnolects typically contain а few well-documented key linguistic features, but may also include features that are not accurate from а research point of view. The findings of this study demonstrate the usefulness of the language ideologies approach as а complement of other sociolinguistic approaches to new varieties of German, and Support the assumption that metalinguistic discourse is а key component of sociolinguistic developments in Contemporary westem societies
Christian Braun, Elisabeth Scherr (Hg.), Methoden zur Erforschung grammatischer Strukturen in historischen Quellen. Vom Einzelfall zum System (Lingua Historica Germanica 28), Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter 2023, 212 S. ISBN: 978-3-11-078418-3. [Rezension]
No full textAssessment of resistance in psychotherapy
No full textExamining the phenomenon of resistance in psychotherapy both promotes a profound understanding of mental health disorders and supports the psychotherapeutic treatment of patients. However, in-depth, targeted research on resistance is limited. The present review provides an overview of recent empirical research on resistance in psychotherapy. A systematic search on PubMed and PsycInfo for peer-reviewed studies on the phenomenon of resistance in psychotherapy published in the years 2000–2022 in English or German language was conducted. Twenty-two publications fulfilling the search criteria were found. Fifteen out of 19 clinical studies (79%) approach resistance using the concept of cognitive-behavioral therapy. Four out of 19 clinical studies (21%) investigate resistance in psychoanalytic or psychodynamic psychotherapy. The studies identified indicate a strong relationship between patient resistance and psychotherapeutic outcome. Furthermore, resistance appears to be related to aspects of the therapeutic relationship, such as therapist behavior, empathy of therapist, alliance and attachment. Empirical research on resistance in psychotherapy is an interesting, promising field of research. The present study shows a profound gap in empirical research on resistance in psychoanalytic and psychodynamic psychotherapy. A reliable and valid instrument to measure resistance based on psychoanalytic and psychodynamic definitions of resistance is needed
Textsorten und Wortbildung im Vergleich: Spanische und deutsche Packungsbeilagen
No full textJeder Text kann einer bestimmten Textsorte zugeordnet werden. Wenn man mit einem Text konfrontiert wird, wird die Erwartungshaltung des Lesers gesteuert, d.h. man verfügt über Normen, nach denen die Angemessenheit eines Textes in einer bestimmten Situation und seine strukturelle sowie stilistische Gestaltung beurteilt werden können. Im vorliegenden Beitrag ist die Packungsbeilage der Gegenstand der Untersuchung. Bestimmt wird sie als geschriebener Text mit dem Ziel des Informierens und Veranlassens, der von rein rezeptiven Interessierten gelesen wird
Zur Stellung der Halbaffigierung in der deutschen Wortbildung
No full textDie Halbaffigierung ist heute sehr produktiv und sollte auch im Hinblick einer Diachronie innerhalb der Synchronie neben der Komposition und der Derivation als Wortbildungsart mit einbezogen werden
Science communication in Science Slams
No full textHow do scientists speak when addressing a non-specialist audience? Science communication has become a widely discussed topic in the public sphere and a prominent area of academic research (e.g. Janich/Kalwa 2018). While several handbooks provide practical guidance for communicating with lay audiences (e.g., Falkenberg 2021; Wagner/McKee 2023), systematic analyses of spoken external science communication at the lexical-syntactic level remain scarce. In contrast, internal science communication, especially in written form, has been extensively explored, notably by Weinrich (1989) and Kretzenbacher (1992). For spoken academic discourse, the GeWiss corpus (Meißner/Slavcheva 2014) offers a valuable comparative framework. This presentation is part of a larger academic project investigating the linguistic structures of spoken external science communication, with a focus on social media formats such as Science Slams and TikTok videos.
The poster addresses methodological and technical challenges involved in constructing a corpus of spoken social media content and shares preliminary findings on the linguistic construction of orality in Science Slams. The reference corpus is being built from audio material, mainly from YouTube and TikTok, pre-segmented and automatically transcribed using aTrain. Transcriptions are manually corrected and annotated according to the cGAT conventions. Further processing is conducted using the corpus annotation software EXMARaLDA, and morphosyntactic tagging is carried out with TreeTagger based on STTS 2.0 guidelines, enabling a systematic, lexical-syntactic analysis.
The corpus will continue to grow over the coming years. The current dataset comprises approximately two hours of audio from the German Science Slam Championships (2021–2024). The initial analysis concentrates on markers of orality, with a focus on modal particles (e.g., also, halt), which, following Stein (2003: 439), can serve as indicators of spoken discourse. These findings are compared with recent analyses of internal scientific speech (cf. Schwendemann & Wallner 2023) to contribute toward defining spoken external science communication as a distinct linguistic register
Lektürehinweis
No full textSprachideologien, deren sprach- und kulturspezifische Ausformungen im vorliegenden Handbuchband im Mittelpunkt des Interesses stehen, sind ein wesentlicher Schlüssel für die jeweiligen Ausprägungen von Sprachkritik. Sprachideologien repräsentieren soziale Indexikalität, sie verweisen auf soziokulturell und diskursiv relevante sprachreflexive bzw. sprachkritische Individuen und Kollektive und sind zugleich handlungsleitende Folien für sprachnormierende Versuche und Verfahren. In dem fünften Band beleuchten wir das Wechselverhältnis zwischen Sprachideologien und Sprachkritik, also konkreten Formen der (be-)wertenden Sprachreflexion und ihren mentalen und sozial wirksamen Konzepten.Language ideologies, the linguistic and culturally specific shaping of which is the primary focus of this Handbook, are an integral part to the various forms of language criticism. Language ideologies represent social indexicality: they refer to socio-culturally and discursively relevant language-reflective or language-critical individuals and collectives, while at the same time serving as action-guiding templates for attempts and procedures to achieve language standardisation. In this fifth volume, we elucidate the interrelationship between language ideologies and language criticism, i.e. concrete forms of (assessing) evaluative language reflection, and their intellectually and socially effective concepts.Les idéologies linguistiques, dont les formes qu’elles adoptent dans la langue et dans la culture en particulier constitueront le centre d’intérêt principal du présent volume, sont une clé essentielle pour saisir les diverses manifestations de la Sprachkritik. Les idéologies linguistiques représentent de l’indexicalité sociale, elles réfèrent à des individus et à des collectifs qui réfléchissent sur leur langue, c’est-à-dire qui la critiquent, et qui sont pertinents d’un point de vue discursif socio-culturel. Elles constituent en même temps des toiles de fond déterminantes pour superviser les tentatives et les processus de normalisation linguistique. Dans le cinquième volume, nous mettons en lumière la relation de réciprocité entre les idéologies linguistiques et la Sprachkritik ; nous entendons par ce terme les formes concrètes de la réflexion linguistique évaluatrice et ses concepts mentaux et suivis d’effets dans le corps social.Le ideologie linguistiche, le cui formazioni specifiche per lingua e cultura sono al centro dell’attenzione nel presente volume del Manuale, sono una chiave essenziale per le rispettive forme di Sprachkritik. Le ideologie linguistiche rappresentano l’indessicalità sociale: rimandano a individui e collettivi, rilevanti sul piano socioculturale e discorsivo, che riflettono sulla lingua o si occupano della critica del linguaggio; ma al tempo stesso, esse fungono da modelli guida nei tentativi e processi di normalizzazione linguistica. Nel quinto volume esaminiamo le correlazioni tra le ideologie linguistiche e la Sprachkritik, ovvero le forme concrete di riflessione linguistica valutativa e i rispettivi concetti mentali ed efficaci sul piano sociale.Jezične ideologije, čiji su jezično i kulturno specifični oblici u središtu interesa u ovom svesku priručnika, ključne su za razumijevanje pojedinih izraza jezične kritike. Jezične ideologije predstavljaju društvenu indeksikalnost, upućuju na društveno-kulturno i diskurzivno relevantne metajezične osobine odnosno jezično-kritičke pojedince i kolektive te služe kao vodilje za pokušaje i procese jezičnog normiranja. U petom svesku priručnika istražujemo međuodnos jezičnih ideologija i jezične kritike, odnosno konkretnih oblika evaluativnog jezičnog promišljanja i njegovih mentalnih i društvenih koncepata
Sequence, gaze, and modal semantics: modal verb selection in german permission inquiries
Get PDFTwo modal verbs of German are regularly used to express deontic possibility: können (‘can’) and dürfen (‘may’). We examine how speakers select between them, focusing on modal inquiries for permission to carry out some action (darf/kann ich das machen, ‘may/can I do this’). Our data are video-recordings of everyday face-to-face interaction, which we analyze sequentially, drawing on interactional-linguistic methods. We find that local sequential context and aspects of visible turn-design systematically enter into the accomplishment of deontic meaning. (1) Position of the modal inquiry within a course of action informs verb selection: speakers select kann to nominate an action as coming “out of the blue” and initiating a new course of action; darf to nominate an action as sequentially occasioned: a solution to an already known-in-common problem. (2) Bodily behavior (gaze, body posture) guides the interpretation of modal flavor, moving a kann-inquiry towards a deontic or a circumstantial interpretation, and moving a darf-inquiry towards a deontic or a bouletic interpretation. Overall, the study demonstrates the systematic contributions of sequential position and body behavior in the accomplishment of modal meanings
The conversationality index. A quantitative assessment of conversation in social media interactions
No full textThere has been an explosion in social media use, with Statista estimating that worldwide, Facebook has over 3 billion regular active users, YouTube 2.5 billion, and Instagram and WhatsApp 2 billion (Statista 2023). While social media allows one to connect and interact with a range of people, increased social media use can be associated with feelings of isolation and symptoms of depression and anxiety. This may in part be because it allows users to engage in activities that appear social but that do not provide meaningful social interaction. We developed the Conversationality Index to assess the quality of social media exchanges based on the length, number of participants and how equally the participants contribute to a written online conversation. After calibrating the Conversationality Index using real and surrogate data, we assessed conversations taken from a 33-million-word database and found that the Conversationality Index consistently distinguished between conversations of varying quality