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A Contrastive Analysis of Interrogative Sentences in English and Indonesian
Full text linkThe aim of this paper is to investigate the forms of questions in English and Indonesian in order to identify the similarities and differences between them. CA may look at linguistic structures in a twofold way: predictability power and wash back effect (Cheng, Watanabe Curtis, 2004). The former deals with foreseeing the areas of problems the English learners may commit and the latter refers to the effect of diagnostic value of CA on improvement of teaching processes. In this case, the researcher emphasizes her study in analyzing CA based on the first perspective; this study focuses on interrogative sentences which are in the form of questions which play an important role in learning English among junior English students. This study has found the differences and similarities between Indonesian and English. Recognizing this will contribute to the accuracy of English questions made by the students.Keywords: Interrogative sentences; English; Indonesian; Contrastive analysis, accuracy
Perception and Lexicon Labeling Ability on a Child with Language Delay Diagnosed As Autistic Spectrum Disorder: A Psycholinguistic Study
Full text linkThis research focuses on the semantics acquisition of a child with language delay diagnosed as autistic spectrum disorder (ASD). The research problem is on how the child acquired the ability to comprehend meaning. It aims at answering the questions on how the child identified lexical meanings and how he labeled targeted lexicons of his first language. The approach employed in this research is descriptive qualitative to get adequate explanation on a specific language phenomenon, namely semantics acquisition. Its design is case study with the type neo-ethnographic. As the data collection method, it uses participant observation of longitudinal study considering that the research subject has familial relation with the researcher. The data analysis shows that the semantic acquisition of the research subject has complexity in vocabulary enrichment. The research subject often performs echolalic speech when he is asked to identify or label certain object given. The typical idiosyncratic speech is shown by the unique feature of limited syllable and prosody. In general, his ability to identify lexical meanings is far exceeding his ability to label objects. He also has sensitivity to perceive the non-verbal symbol performed by the people he knows well. The use of verbal language supported by non-verbal language facilitates his perception. He finds it difficult to comprehend the lexicons having similar sound as he assumes that one lexicon represents one object which typically belongs to concrete object. In addition, the ability of the research subject in labeling objects cannot be developed easily because of his difficulty in expressing ideas through words. To pronounce the words correctly, he shows high anxiety by lowering down his speech. In selecting the lexicon he also finds it hard to use pronoun, to label homonyms and to apply both polysemy and hyponym. Accordingly, he tends to communicate only to fulfill his needs by asking things, asking the listeners to do or not to do something, and protesting something as shown in the contexts. Further, he is likely to label objects by the lexicons got from the immediate exposure.keywords; Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD); Language Acquisition; Psycholinguistic
Javanese Phrase Construction in Classical Books Translation
Full text linkWhen the system or structure of language is used and influenced by other languages, it is called interference, and it may ruin the concept of structures. This research is about Arabic phrase construction that influenced Javanese phrase construction in classical books translation (TKK). This involvement appears when the concept of Arabic’s construction is translated literally into Javanese. The research was carried out by applying theories of interference and translation. It’s analysis approach with contrastive analysis which is allegedly enabled errors to be predicted from a comparison between Arabic’s and Javanese’s phrase construction. The data were found and collected from several classical books in Arabic language (KKbA) translated by different writers. The results show that Javanese phrase construction (as the target language), particularly, with noun phrases, with adjectival phrases, with numeral phrases, and with prepositional phrases was influenced by Arabic’s murakkab or Arabic phrase construction (as the source language). Arabic has its own concept of phrase construction. The phrase construction cannot be translated into Javanese directly through word-for-word translation or literal translation. Thus, Javanese in TKK became inconvenient and ungrammatical. Arabic phrase construction is flipped around (with noun phrases and adjectival phrases) and prepositions are used and translated improperly or in the wrong position (with prepositional phrases). This research has many implications for further use, such as: for the identification and description of the deviation of Javanese phrase construction which has been affected by direct translation from the Arabic language, and furthermore, to increase the knowledge of those who are learning by increasing the realization and awareness in writing and translating (especially from Arabic to Javanese) about the fact that Arabic and Javanese have their own regulations or patterns which are different then the other language. keywords;Influence; Literal Translation; Phrase Construction ; Murakka
The Social Context of Early Child Second Language Acquisition (SLA)
Full text linkThis article addresses the material on language acquisition in a social context and focuses on the gradual shift in the child’s use of words, from labeling specific and often single referents to the use of words for signifying categories of objects, actions, or attributes. The aims of this study are to search and explore the information whether the social context of second language acquisition occurred and whether it gives consequences toward cognitive development of the children. It can be seen from the results of this study that the rate and breadth of this shift varies from one social context to another, and that it has differential consequences for cognitive development dependent on the social context in which it occurs. The crucial significance of actively stimulating language growth in the classroom, especially by teachers of the socially disadvantaged, is stressed.keywords; Social Context; Second Language Acquisition ; Childre
A Descriptive Study of Registers Found in Spoken and Written Communication (A Semantic Analysis)
Full text linkThis research is descriptive study of registers found in spoken and written communication. The type of this research is Descriptive Qualitative Research. In this research, the data of the study is register in spoken and written communication that are found in a book entitled "Communicating! Theory and Practice" and from internet. The data can be in the forms of words, phrases and abbreviation. In relation with method of collection data, the writer uses the library method as her instrument. The writer relates it to the study of register in spoken and written communication. The technique of analyzing the data using descriptive method. The types of register in this term will be separated into formal register and informal register, and identify the meaning of register.Keywords: Register; Spoken and Written Communication; Jargon; Slang; Motheres
The Teaching of Speaking in Big Classes
Full text linkSpeaking is the most important language skill. The language user’s capability will be immediately understood and measured through the skill because this is the most visible proficiency. Difficulties of teaching speaking vary dependent upon the class size. Teaching speaking in big classes is more difficult than teaching of it in small classes. The main constraint is the time allotment. To answer the problem, speaking teachers should be creative to set the intensive classroom activities. If this is true, they need to identify students speaking skill to understand their alertness for the following language instructions. Besides that, they are also responsible to identify their basic need in the class whether this is only for question and answer, dialog, discussion, debate, or others. To anticipate the time constraints, the teachers engage to select the possible methods and strategies for presenting the interesting instructional materials. At the end, teachers should divide the time allotment adjust and proportionally for their students so they are able to self-express and share ideas in those interactive classroom situations.keywords; Speaking, Existing Skill; Need Analysis; Classroom Management; Methods Strategies ; Presentatio
The Use of Conceptual Metaphor in Gola Gong’s Novel Bila Waktu Bicara
Full text linkThis study aims at describing conceptual metaphor in Gola Gong’s novel “Bila Waktu Bicara” in the perspective of George Lakoff’s theories of metaphor. This research is a (qualitative) bibliographical research. The object of the study is the use of metaphor in Gola Gong’s novel “Bila Waktu Bicara” and there are 59 metaphorical expressions. Having analyzed the data, the researcher concludes that there are seven most outstanding conceptual mapping on that novel: time is an individual, the world is the hell or paradise, people is a stream of water, seeing is touching, eye ball is a container, body part is a landscape, ambulance is an individual. Among this seven conceptual mappings, the conceptual pattern of time is an individual is the most frequent use and it shows that there has been an increase of creativity in the creation of socio-religious metaphor of Indonesian young novelist such as Gola Gong. Keywords:Source Domain; Conceptual Metaphor; George Lakoff
The Differences between Thai and Indonesian Undergraduates in Pronouncing Plural Nouns and Third Singular Present Verbs due to Progressive Assimilation
Full text linkPronunciation is an important aspect in learning English and it is varied in different area. There are several types of dialect differences in speaking English and geographical dialect is one of them. In pronouncing plural verbs and third singular present verbs in English, the differences are happened. This research investigates the differences between Thai and Indonesian undergraduates in pronouncing plural nouns and third singular present verbs with s/es ending. The aim of this research are to find out the differences and similarities between Thai and Indonesian undergraduates in pronouncing plural nouns and third singular present verbs and the factors that influence it. The design of this research is case study by investigating Thai and Indonesian undergraduates of IAIN Salatiga in several period of time. Data is collected through documentation and interview. Documentation is conducted by recording respondents’ pronunciation. The recording is analyzed and combined with interview report to answer research problems. From the analysis, it is found that the differences and similarities of Thai and Indonesian undergraduates are substitution and omission of s/es suffix pronunciation. It is influenced by the geographic dialects and the existence of consonants in native language.
The Experimental Study of the Effectiveness of Teaching Speaking by Using Cartoon in the Fifth Year Students of Islamic Elementary School
Full text linkThis research was carried out to find out how far the achievement of speaking English lesson by using cartoon and a significant difference of the students speaking ability between the students taught by using cartoon media and those taught without using cartoon media. The research was conducted at Islamic Elementary School (Madrasah Ibtidaiyah) Lancar, Wonosobo, Central Java, Indonesia. The objects of the research were the fifth year students. This is quantitative research. Technique of sampling in this research used classified random sampling. The result of the research is the score of the post-test from the experiment group is higher (7,68) than the score of the post-test from control group (6,95). Therefore, the writer might conclude that using of cartoon media proved better result in speaking skill than students who are taught without using cartoon media. It means that there is significant difference of the students speaking skill between those using cartoon media and those who do not use cartoon in teaching speaking. Also, there is a significant contribution of using cartoon in teaching speaking. Keywords: Effectiveness, Speaking; Cartoon Media; Teaching Speaking through Cartoon for Elementary School Student
Improving Students’ Listening Skill Through Shadowing
Full text linkListening is the first part of language skills that everyone gets when learning a language. It comes before speaking, reading, and writing. Meanwhile, most of the students get difficulty to learn listening of a foreign language, especially English. That is why shadowing was applied in the listening class as one of the solutions to make the learners of English listening easy to understand what the speaker says. This collaborative classroom action research was generally to know whether or not shadowing could improve the students listening skill. It was also specifically to know: (1) the lecturer’s activities, (2) the students’ activities, and (3) the students’ responses during the implementation of shadowing in the listening class. The subjects were 18 students of the third semester of English department of education faculty of Hasyim Asy’ari university (UNHASY) Tebuireng Jombang in the academic year of 2016/2017. The data were obtained from the observations got from the notes written by the collaborator and the listening test. The students’ listening skill improved after the implementation of shadowing. It could be seen in the improvement of mean score, from 74.2 in cycle one to 75 in cycle two. Then, the precentage of students passing the minimum mastery criteria also improved, from 61% in cycle one to 77.8% in cycle two. Thus, it can be concluded that shadowing could improve students’ listening skill.