Hochschule Bonn-Rhein-Sieg
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The Côte d'Argent, France: Quantification of Plastic Pollution in Beach Sediments
No full textPollution with anthropogenic waste, particularly persistent plastic, has now reached every remote corner of the world. The French Atlantic coast, given its extensive coastline, is particularly affected. To gain an overview of current plastic pollution, this study examined a stretch of 250 km along the Silver Coast of France. Sampling was conducted at a total of 14 beach sections, each with five sampling sites in a transect. At each collection site, a square of 0.25 m2 was marked. The top 5 cm of beach sediment was collected and sieved on-site using an analysis sieve (mesh size 1 mm), resulting in a total of approximately 0.8 m3 of sediment, corresponding to a total weight of 1300 kg of examined beach sediment. A total of 1972 plastic particles were extracted and analysed using infrared spectroscopy, corresponding to 1.5 particles kg−1 of beach sediment. Pellets (885 particles), polyethylene as the polymer type (1349 particles), and particles in the size range of microplastics (943 particles) were most frequently found. The significant pollution by pellets suggests that the spread of plastic waste is not primarily attributable to tourism (in February/March 2023). The substantial accumulation of meso- and macro-waste (with 863 and 166 particles) also indicates that research focusing on microplastics should be expanded to include these size categories, as microplastics can develop from them over time
Mapping the integration of climate considerations in social protection in LMICs: An assessment of ninety-eight climate-relevant social protection programs
No full textSocial protection can be a key policy tool for managing the socioeconomic impacts of climate change, including poverty and inequality. Despite growing interest from policy makers and academics, a systematic effort to document and analyze the integration of climate considerations in social protection programs is lacking. This understanding is crucial for designing policies and programs that more effectively address the impacts of climate change.
Our research provides a first systematic mapping of climate considerations integration in social protection programs in low- and middle-income countries. Using a mixed-methods approach, we identify 98 climate-relevant social protection programs and gather data on over 70 variables related to their scope and climate relevance at policy, design, and implementation level. We aim to answer the question: to what extent and how are social protection programs in LMICs climate-relevant?
We find a significant number of long-standing climate-relevant social protection programs that reach large populations and involve substantial financial investments globally. At the policy and program design level, climate considerations in these programs remain relatively limited and vary based on the sector of the lead agency. At the implementation level, most programs typically focus on shock response, though our findings show they already support broader climate functions. Our results empirically substantiate assumptions about climate-relevant social protection, offer key new policy insights, and identify areas for further research. We also make the database openly available for use by researchers and practitioners
Handover Failure Detection dataset
No full textThis dataset contains multimodal data recorded on robots performing robot-to-human and human-to-robot handovers. The intended application of the dataset is to develop and benchmark methods for failure detection during the handovers. Thus the trials in the dataset contain both successful and failed handover actions. For a more detailed description of the dataset, please see the included Datasheet
Wegweiser Citizen Science - Tipps und Methoden zu den Themen Partizipation, Teilnehmende, Motivation, Bürokratie und Evaluation
No full textDas Interesse an Wissenschaft und Forschung reicht heute weit über die Mauern von Universitäten, Forschungseinrichtungen oder Instituten hinaus. Bürger*innen wollenmitdiskutieren, welche Themen und Probleme erforscht werden sollen, möchten mitforschen sowie gemeinsam mit Expert*innen Ergebnisse auswerten und diskutieren. Dafürsind zahlreiche Beteiligungsformate denkbar. Beispielsweise entwickeln Bürger*innen im Rahmen von Citizen Science gemeinsam mit Wissenschaftler*innen eigene Forschungsfragen, wägen Methoden ab und führen selbst wissenschaftliche Erhebungen durch. In Reallaboren und Experimentierräumen kooperieren Akteur*innen aus Wissenschaft, Zivilgesellschaft, Verwaltung und Wirtschaft, um Antworten auf konkrete Herausforderungen vor Ort zu entwickeln und im experimentellen Umfeld zu erproben. Ebenso werden immer stärker die Perspektiven und Meinungen zivilgesellschaftlicher Organisationen Teil politischer Beratungsgremien und -foren, um dort über Forschungsprogramme mitzuentscheiden.
Der vorliegende Methodenleitfaden soll als Handreichung sowohl für Projektverantwortliche, Projektmitarbeitende als auch Citizen Scientists dienen, die sich zum ersten Mal oder erneut mit der Initiierung, Planung, Durchführung und Evaluation eines Citizen-Science-Projekts befassen. Dabei stehen zentralre Fragen im Fokus: Welche Schrittemüssen bedacht werden? Welche Strukturen geschaffen und Prozesse aufgebaut werden? Welche unterschiedlichen Möglichkeiten zur Einbindung von Bürger*innen gibt es? Wie kann die Motivation von Bürger*innen während des gesamten Projekts aufrechterhalten werden? Welche bürokratischen Hürden können wie angegangen werden
Die Wirtschaft: Volkswirtschaftslehre für eine sich ändernde Welt
No full textDas einzige Grundlagenlehrbuch der Volkswirtschaftslehre, in dem die Studierenden die konzeptionellen und quantitativen Instrumente der modernen Volkswirtschaftslehre erlernen, um die drängendsten Probleme der heutigen Zeit in Angriff zu nehmen
Design and characterization of geopolymer foams reinforced with Miscanthus x giganteus fibers
No full textThis paper presents the effects of different amounts of fibers and foaming agent, as well as different fiber sizes, on the mechanical and thermal properties of fly ash-based geopolymer foams reinforced with Miscanthus x giganteus fibers. The mechanical properties of the geopolymer foams were measured through compressive strength, and their thermal properties were characterized by thermal conductivity and X-ray micro-computed tomography. Furthermore, design of experiment (DoE) were used to optimize the thermal conductivity and compressive strength of Miscanthus x giganteus reinforced geopolymer foams. In addition, the microstructure was studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Field emission scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Mixtures with a low thermal conductivity of 0.056 W (m K)−1 and a porosity of 79 vol% achieved a compressive strength of only 0.02 MPa. In comparison, mixtures with a thermal conductivity of 0.087 W (m K)−1 and a porosity of 58 vol% achieved a compressive strength of 0.45 MPa
Promoting Carbon Storage and Health in Urban Soils through Sustainable Management Practices
No full textSustainable urban soil management is becoming increasingly crucial due to its vital role in climate and water regulation and its significant potential for storing soil organic carbon (SOC). This significance is emphasized considering the ongoing urbanization and climate change issues. Although SOC is influenced by many factors, such as soil type and climate fluctuations (temperature, precipitation patterns), on a regional scale, land use and management practices (e.g., fertilization, irrigation) can have a more significant impact on SOC storage and the balance of soil-atmosphere carbon fluxes. However, there is still a limited understanding of the amount of humus content in urban soils and the effects of urban development and management practices on soil health and carbon storage. We investigated how management practices in urban green spaces influence soil carbon storage as the primary indicator of soil health.
The present study was carried out in the Bonn-Rhein-Sieg area, as the region is vital in terms of sustainable urban and regional development with a high population density (Rhein-Sieg district: 338.4, Bonn: 520.9 inhabitants/km2) in Germany. A survey was conducted with owners and managers of urban private (e.g., allotment and backyard garden) and public green spaces on the practices for the most common vegetation types (e.g., lawn, vegetable, ornamental). In the autumn and winter of 2022, 248 soil samples (0–20 cm depth) were collected from 95 private and public green spaces in the study area and analyzed for physiochemical and biological properties. Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) was performed to assess the effects of different management practices on soil properties.
Our results indicate that the average SOC stock in public green areas (94.67 Mg ha-1) is substantially higher than in private ones (house garden 67.72 Mg ha-1, allotment garden 73.15 Mg ha-1). Moreover, urban green spaces with vegetables (91.66 Mg ha-1) and ornamentals (85.05 mg ha-1) show greater SOC stock levels when comparing vegetation types (lawn 62.48 Mg ha-1). Significant differences in SOC are also found for various management practices. Specifically, the monthly fertilization schedule resulted in higher SOC levels (127.37 Mg ha⁻¹) compared to the yearly fertilization schedule (76.88 Mg ha⁻¹). Additionally, the use of organic fertilizers contributed to increased SOC levels (84.40 Mg ha⁻¹) in contrast to mineral fertilizer applications (65.31 Mg ha⁻¹). The average SOC stock in all the studied urban green spaces (85 mg ha-1) was higher than the average SOC stock in arable soils in Germany (47.30 Mg ha-1). The higher SOC in the region could be due to vegetation types and fertilization frequencies, which show statistically significant effects (p-value <0.001). Other management practices (e.g., irrigation type and frequency) did not show a significant effect. Our findings highlight the significance of soil management practices, particularly in selecting vegetation types and determining fertilization frequency, as essential factors influencing urban SOC
Knowledge Spillover: Between Serendipity and Strategic Planning - Lessons for Practice-oriented Interventions into Regional Innovation Systems
No full textGrundlagen der Verbraucherinformatik
No full textIn diesem Kapitel werden wichtige theoretische Konsumtheorien und ihr Bezug zur Verbraucherinformatik besprochen. Hierzu gehören Markttheorien, die die Verbraucher:in als rationalen Marktakteur verstehen, und psychologische Ansätze, die das individuelle Konsumverhalten auf Basis von Bedürfnissen, Kognition und Emotionen zu erklären versuchen. Darüber hinaus werden gesellschafts- und kulturwissenschaftliche Ansätze vorgestellt, welche die gesellschaftliche Prägung und symbolische Bedeutung des Konsums betonen. Ein Fokus liegt dabei auf praxistheoretischen Ansätzen, die vor allem die materielle Ebene, die performative Ausgestaltung und die Routinehaftigkeit von Konsum in den Blick nehmen. Ziel des Kapitels ist es, die verschiedenen Ansätze mit ihren jeweiligen Stärken und Schwächen vorzustellen und Leser:innen Orientierungswissen mit an die Hand zu geben, welche theoretische Linse für welche Fragestellung geeignet ist, da die Wahl eines bestimmten Ansatzes von der konkreten Forschungsfrage abhängt