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    7939 research outputs found

    Farmers are caught in Tri-Dilemma - Objectives and Challenges for Biodiversity in German Nature-Protected Areas

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    This paper aims to assess farmers’ challenges in enhancing biodiversity. The so-called “trilemma” (WBGU 2021) of land use stems from the multiple demands made on land for the benefit of mitigating climate change, securing food, and maintaining biodiversity. Agriculture is accused of maladministration, causing soil contamination, animal cruelty, bee mortality, and climate change. However, farmers play a key role in overcoming upcoming sustainability challenges. While their supportive role is urgently needed, farmers find themselves caught between a “rock” and a ”hard place”. Consumers call for sustainable production and affordable food products without pesticide residues, demanding enough for all. Farmers are restricted by the wants and needs of consumers who are influenced by interest groups and exposed to interdependent direct and indirect influencing factors. They need to balance the scrutiny of the critical public as well as the regulatory control. In this paper, we collected and surveyed the data of farmers within or close to the 21 selected nature protected areas of the DINA (Diversity of Insects in Nature protected Areas) Project, using a mixed methods approach with a semi-structured questionnaire considering issues’ interdependencies and the complexity of today´s problems. The conflicts and obstacles faced by farmers were assessed. The results reflect the farmers’ willingness and the importance of receiving appreciation for implementing biodiversity measures. These results, complemented by a following quantitative study, are the basis for recommendations for policymakers and farmers in all German nature protected areas

    Formelsammlung Wirtschaftsmathematik: Wissen kompakt für Studierende und Praktiker

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    Diese etablierte Formelsammlung enthält und erklärt mathematische Formeln innerhalb ökonomischer Zusammenhänge, wie sie in den Wirtschaftswissenschaften und in der wirtschaftswissenschaftlichen Praxis unbedingt notwendig sind. Das Verständnis der Formeln und deren praktische Anwendung werden durch nützliche Hilfen und erklärliche Beispiele sinnvoll unterstützt, so dass der Kontext wirtschaftsmathematischer Formeln klar und verständlich dargestellt wird. Diese Formelsammlung ist ein unverzichtbares Tool für Studierende der Wirtschaftswissenschaften, aber auch ein nützliches Nachschlagewerk für Verantwortliche aus Wirtschaft, Politik und Lehre. Die Inhalte wurden für die 5. Auflage teilweise überarbeitet und ergänzt. (Verlagsangaben

    What is the best spectroscopic method for simultaneous analysis of organic acids and (poly)saccharides in biological matrices: Example of Aloe vera extracts?

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    Several species of (poly)saccharides and organic acids can be found often simultaneously in various biological matrices, e.g., fruits, plant materials, and biological fluids. The analysis of such matrices sometimes represents a challenging task. Using Aloe vera (A. vera) plant materials as an example, the performance of several spectroscopic methods (80 MHz benchtop NMR, NIR, ATR-FTIR and UV-Vis) for the simultaneous analysis of quality parameters of this plant material was compared. The determined parameters include (poly)saccharides such as aloverose, fructose and glucose as well as organic acids (malic, lactic, citric, isocitric, acetic, fumaric, benzoic and sorbic acids). 500 MHz NMR and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were used as the reference methods. UV-VIS data can be used only for identification of added preservatives (benzoic and sorbic acids) and drying agent (maltodextrin) and semiquantitative analysis of malic acid. NIR and MIR spectroscopies combined with multivariate regression can deliver more informative overview of A. vera extracts being able to additionally quantify glucose, aloverose, citric, isocitric, malic, lactic acids and fructose. Low-field NMR measurements can be used for the quantification of aloverose, glucose, malic, lactic, acetic, and benzoic acids. The benchtop NMR method was successfully validated in terms of robustness, stability, precision, reproducibility and limit of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ), respectively. All spectroscopic techniques are useful for the screening of (poly)saccharides and organic acids in plant extracts and should be applied according to its availability as well as information and confidence required for the specific analytical goal. Benchtop NMR spectroscopy seems to be the most feasible solution for quality control of A. vera products

    A Qualitative Exploration of User-Perceived Risks of AI to Inform Design and Policy

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    AI systems pose unknown challenges for designers, policymakers, and users which aggravates the assessment of potential harms and outcomes. Although understanding risks is a requirement for building trust in technology, users are often excluded from legal assessments and explanations of AI hazards. To address this issue we conducted three focus groups with 18 participants in total and discussed the European proposal for a legal framework for AI. Based on this, we aim to build a (conceptual) model that guides policymakers, designers, and researchers in understanding users’ risk perception of AI systems. In this paper, we provide selected examples based on our preliminary results. Moreover, we argue for the benefits of such a perspective

    Afrika – Kontinent der Widersprüche: Chancen für den Weg einer nachhaltigen und prosperierenden Entwicklung?

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    Neueste Funde in Südafrika haben nochmals unterstrichen, dass die ältesten Menschen der Welt offensichtlich aus Afrika abstammen. Somit kommt diesem Kontinent historisch gesehen ganz besondere Bedeutung zu. Allerdings war seine Geschichte in der jüngeren Zeit, insbesondere ab Mitte des 19. Jahrhunderts, von der Kolonialisierung durch europäische Staaten stark geprägt. Viele tiefe Wunden aus der damaligen Zeit haben noch heute Auswirkungen auf die Gesellschaft insgesamt. Allerdings ist der Kontinent derzeit auch mit einer größeren Zahl anders gelagerter Herausforderungen konfrontiert. Zum einen versucht Afrika mittels einer Anzahl von Regionalorganisationen sowie der Afrikanischen Union als global agierender Institution den inneren Zusammenhalt zu stärken, zum anderen ist der Kontinent über die letzten Jahrzehnte bis in die jüngste Gegenwart durch politische und militärische Konflikte zwischen Nachbarstaaten geprägt. Hinzu kommen regelmäßig innere gesellschaftliche Umwälzungen einzelner Länder durch einen gewaltsamen oder manipulierten politischen Wechsel. Dabei könnte der Kontinent sich durchaus auf einem guten Entwicklungspfad befinden, verfügt er doch – auch im Vergleich zu anderen Kontinenten – über eine Vielzahl von wichtigen Rohstoffen. Allerdings profitieren die einzelnen afrikanischen Staaten – und insbesondere ihre Bürgerinnen und Bürger - hiervon oft nicht in einem angemessenen Rahmen. Somit ergibt sich in großen Teilen des Kontinents ein soziales Ungleichgewicht, das zu erheblichen inneren Spannungen führt. Erschwerend kommt hinzu, dass Afrika weltweit am stärksten vom Klimawandel betroffen ist. Bei näherer Betrachtung der z.T. sehr unterschiedlichen wirtschaftlichen, politischen und sozialen Situation des großen Kontinents (Datenerhebung bis Ende Juni 2023) führt die vorliegende Untersuchung zu einer insgesamt überwiegend kritischen Einschätzung hinsichtlich der weiteren Entwicklung Afrikas, die im Schlusskapitel bzgl. der absehbaren Konsequenzen für den Kontinent näher dargelegt wird

    The Political Economy of Sustainable Energy Transitions: A Literature Review and A Research Agenda

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    In the last two decades, studies that analyse the political economy of sustainable energy transitions have increasingly become available. Yet very few attempts have been made to synthesize the factors discussed in the growing literature. This paper reviews the extant empirical literature on the political economy of sustainable energy transitions. Using a well-defined search strategy, a total of 36 empirical contributions covering the period 2008 to 2022 are reviewed full text. Overall, the findings highlight the role of vested interest, advocacy coalitions and green constituencies, path dependency, external shocks, policy and institutional environment, political institutions and fossil fuel resource endowments as major political economy factors influencing sustainable energy transitions across both high income countries, and low and middle income countries. In addition, the paper highlights and discusses some critical knowledge gaps in the existing literature and provides suggestions for a future research agenda

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