Hochschule Bonn-Rhein-Sieg
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Climate-sensitive health counselling for Planetary Health: Adapting a conceptual framework to local healthcare conditions in Accra, Ghana
No full textHealthcare professionals are in a unique societal position that enables them to act as change agents in the required transformation towards climate change mitigation and adaptation, through climate-sensitive health counselling (CSHC). As most studies on the topic come from high-income countries, we conducted a stakeholder workshop in Accra, Ghana, to adapt a framework to the local context.
The climate crisis poses significant threats to human and planetary health, leading to increased demands for health services due to both direct and indirect impacts on health outcomes. This work explores the role of primary healthcare providers in addressing climate-sensitive health challenges in urban Ghana, beginning with a scoping review of the existing literature to identify the role of healthcare providers as responders and change agents. Following preexisting frameworks, we propose an adapted framework for climate-sensitive health counselling, which was complemented through stakeholder consultations. The framework fulfils two functions: first, it outlines primary healthcare consultation needs regarding climate-sensitive health challenges and healthcare resource demands in Accra. And second, it supports healthcare providers and educators in conceptualising approaches and interventions to respond to intensifying climate injustice on various systemic levels and support planetary health understanding
A FEA-based Method for Determining the Thermal Equilibrium in Self-Heating of Magnetic Components
No full textGG-BBQ: German Gender Bias Benchmark for Question Answering
No full textWithin the context of Natural Language Processing (NLP), fairness evaluation is often associated with the assessment of bias and reduction of associated harm. In this regard, the evaluation is usually carried out by using a benchmark dataset, for a task such as Question Answering, created for the measurement of bias in the model’s predictions along various dimensions, including gender identity. In our work, we evaluate gender bias in German Large Language Models (LLMs) using the Bias Benchmark for Question Answering by Parrish et al. (2022) as a reference. Specifically, the templates in the gender identity subset of this English dataset were machine translated into German. The errors in the machine translated templates were then manually reviewed and corrected with the help of a language expert. We find that manual revision of the translation is crucial when creating datasets for gender bias evaluation because of the limitations of machine translation from English to a language such as German with grammatical gender. Our final dataset is comprised of two subsets: Subset-I, which consists of group terms related to gender identity, and Subset-II, where group terms are replaced with proper names. We evaluate several LLMs used for German NLP on this newly created dataset and report the accuracy and bias scores. The results show that all models exhibit bias, both along and against existing social stereotypes
Modeling a Hybrid Hydrogen Microgrid in a Novel Multiphysical Energy System Simulator – MEgy
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Solutions & Challenges of AI Practitioners in AI Act Compliance
No full textThe European Union’s Artificial Intelligence Act is a new regulation aimed at ensuring the safe and ethical use of artificial intelligence systems within the EU. This paper investigates the practical impact of the AI Act on the work of AI practitioners. We conducted a qualitative study based on seven semi-structured interviews with AI experts. Our results show organisations face considerable uncertainty when it comes to integrating the new regulatory requirements into their provision processes. In the technical area, the need for transparency and explainability of AI systems and the use of monitoring systems are emphasised. The study also provides insights into initial solutions that organisations are pursuing to overcome these challenges. Our findings extend previous research by providing empirical account from an experts perspective for prevailing challenges. Moreover, our study provides practical implications as well as avenues for future research, i.e. to align practice and legal practice better by standards, tools, and processes
