Jurnal ILMU DASAR
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Using Lignosellulose Waste as a Xylanase Production Media of Mold Isolated from Rice Straw of Coastal-field
Get PDFHemicellulose is one of lignocellulose waste component, so that xylanase is one of importance enzyme of lignocellulose waste biodegradation. Molds as main decomposer lignosellulose waste has enzyme activities higher than yeast and bacteria. The aim of the research is to find mold that have xylanolitic activity using lignocellulose waste as media production. The research consist of isolations and screening mols from coastal-field of watu Ulo Jember, xylanase production using lignocellulose waste and idntification of mold which has the highes xylanase activity. A total of 66 molds isolated from rice straw in coastal-field of Watu Ulo Jember. There were screened for their xylanase activity. In semiquantitatively screen on Oat Spelt Xylan plate, the result showed that 62 have xilanolytic activities. Based on clearing zone production, isolates ESW A1 (3.2), ESW A5 (3.1), ESW C 16 (3.26), ESW D4 (3.0) and ESW D15 (3.21) have xilanase activity index higher than others. Furthermore, quantitative analysis using wheat bran, rice straw and baggase in basic salt Mandel’s modification media showed that xylanase activity of isolate ESW D4 was higher on rice straw 3% as substrate production with activity 2.66 U/mL. Isolate ESW D4 identified as Aspergillus foetidus so that called as Aspergillus foetidus ESW D4. Keywords: rice straw, coastal-field, Aspergillus foetidus ESW-
The Development of Web-based Graphical User Interface for Learning and Fitting Generalized Estimating Equation with Spline Smoothers
Get PDFStatistical modeling (regression analyses) have been growing rapidly into various directions to accommodate various data conditions. For longitudinal or repeated measures data, one of the suitable models is GEE (Generalized Estimating Equation). In practice, to do complex modeling such as GEE, the use of statistical software is necessary and it is available on free open source software R. However, GEE modeling on R can only be access through command line interface (CLI), and most practical researchers very much rely on Graphical User Interface (GUI) based statistics software. To make access to GEE (both order 1 and 2) much easier, we developed, using Shiny toolkit, two types of web-based GUI, standard pull down menu type and e-module type (with narrative theories) that can be utilized for learning and fitting GEE. This paper discusses the features of the interfaces and illustrates the use of them.
Keywords: longitudinal data, Generalized Estimating Equation (GEE), exponential families, statistical modeling, correlated response, nonparametric, natural splines, shiny toolki
Effect of Silica Composition from Rice Husk Ash on The Performace of Absorbing Electromagnetic Wave on Composite of Unsaturated Polyester Resins/Silica
Get PDFThis study aim is to know the effect of silica composition on the absorption of electromagnetic waves in the composite of unsaturated polyester resins (UPR)/silica. Silica raw materials have been synthesized from the results of rice husk ash extraction. The results of the analysis phase and elementary respective using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) show that the extraction of silica has an amorphous phase with a high purity. This silica powders are filler material acts as an electromagnetic waves absorber material and combined with the UPR as a matrix to form a composite. Silica powder varied with several compositions in this composite. The observation of scanning electron microscope (SEM) shows that the silica particles have been distributed evenly in the UPR matrix. Meanwhile the results of testing the absorption of electromagnetic waves at frequency range of 8 GHz - 12 GHz using a vector network analyzer (VNA) show that the addition of silica composition have significant effect on the absorption of electromagnetic waves. The more the silica content in the UPR matrix causes the absorption of electromagnetic waves more increasing. It was concluded that the presence of silica can improve the absorption performance of electromagnetic waves in composite UPR/silica.
Keywords: rice husk ash, silica, UPR, composites, electromagnetic wave absorbe
Simultaneous Determination of Magnesium (Mg2+) and Ammonium (NH4+) by Flow Injection Analysis
Get PDFAn automatic method for the simultaneous determination of magnesium and ammoniun by flow injection analysis is described. This analysis used two detectors, potentiometry and spectrophotometry, for the determination of magnesium and ammonium simultaneously. Potentiometric detectors are used to detect ammonium ions, whereas spectrophotometer detectors are used to detect the presence of magnesium ions. The performance of the FIA system includes linear range linearity, limit of detection, sensitivity, reproducibility and recovery test. Spectrophotometry FIA showed good performance with several criteria of linearity with regression value of 0.9918, the detection limit of 0.06 ppm, a sensitivity of 0.0115, repeatability of less than 2% and the percent recovery of 91,6%. While potentiometric FIA showed th performance with several criteria of linearity with regression value of 0.9896, the detection limit of 0.17 ppm, a sensitivity of 40.747 mV per decade of concentration, repeatability of less than 2% and the percent recovery of 89,7%.
Keywords: Flow Injection Analysis, spectrophotometry, potensiometry, simultaneou
Synthesis of Zeolite A From Coal Fly Ash with Variation of Si/Al Molar Ratio
Get PDFFly ash containing 30-36% silica and 14,52-23,78% alumina can be potentially as raw material for synthetic zeolite such as zeolite A. Zeolite A is an aluminosilicate mineral which is rich in alumina so that this zeolite has a good cation exchange capability. Zeolite A has been synthesized by hydrothermal treatment after NaOH fusion. Fly ash has been fused with NaOH at 550 0C for 40 minutes and hydrothermally treated at 1000C for 5 hours. The hydrothermal treatment was conducted in some various Si/Al molar ratios from 0.90; 1.00.; 1.05; to 1.24. The zeolite A was then analyzed using XRD and XRF. The best zeolite A based on XRD result is zeolite with Si/Al molar ratio of 1.1 with crystallinity of 96,80%. The x-ray fluorescence result showed that the Si/Al molar ratios of the four zeolite samples were close to of Si/Al molar ratios of 1, 1.1, 1.21.3 respectively.Keywords: Fly ash, Zeolite A, Hydrothermal Fusio
Optimization Of The Annealing Temperature With Degenerate Primer For Amplification Of Arginine Decarboxylase (ADC) Fragment Gene From Genomic DNA of Maluku Tenggara Local Cassava
Get PDFArginine decarboxylase (ADC) is a key enzyme responsible for polyamines biosynthesis and has been shown to increase resistance to biotic and abiotic stress. Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz.) is able to grow and produce storage roots well on marginal land. The purpose of this study was to optimize annealing temperature of primers in PCR reaction to amplify candidate cassava ADC gene fragments. Annealing temperature is a crucial factor in PCR reaction affecting product (gene fragments) specificity. Four pairs of primers; MeADC1, MeADC2, MeADC3, andMeADC4, were designed using degenerate method from several plants species such as Jatropa curcas (Acc XM_022220421), Populus trichocarpa (Acc XM_002306105.2), Capsicum annuum cv Nockwang (Acc KC160547.1) and Lycopersicon esculentum (Acc L16582.1). All primer pairs successfully amplified DNA fragments from local cassava genotypes (Maluku Tenggara/Malra) including Malra012 and Malra016. The MeADC1 primer amplified DNA fragment with less than 1,000 base pairs (bp) at annealing temperature of 46°C, 47°C and 48°C. However, analysis of PCR product sequencing results using NCBI BLAST method showed that the amplified DNA fragment encodes for ribosomal protein S3 of Oryza minuta (Acc YP_009242005.1).Keywords: arginine decarboxylase, annealing, ADC, cassava, Maluku Tenggara, PC
Study of Insect Diversity in Rice Agroecosystem in Karawang West Java
Get PDFInsects were collected from rice fields in Karawang West Java. Since insects are dominant in Rice field, their role in the ecosystem are important regarding the rice production. Therefore, the occurance of insect species and their role in ecosystem are important to understand. The aim of this reasearch was to study the insect occurance in rice field in Karawang to obtain the potential candidate for biological control agent. The insects were collected using sweep net, pit fall trap and light trap. Nine insect orders were collected and 49 morphospecies were identified including insect pest, parasitoids, predator, tourist and detritivore. Paederus sp., Cyrtohinus and Micraspis sp., were the most abundant entomophagous insect that is potential candidate for biological control agent in Karawang.
Keywords: insect, insect diversity, rice fields, karawan
Synthesis Analgetic-Antiiflammation N-(4t-Buthylbenzoil)-p-Aminophenol by Using MgF2 Catalist
Get PDFSynthesis of N-(4t-buthylbenzoyl)-p-aminophenol has been done by reacting p-aminophenol and 4-tert- buthylbenzoyl chloride compounds with 1% MgF2 catalyst. N-(4t-buthylbenzoyl)-p- aminophenol as an antiinflamatory analgesic. Products were characterized by organoleptic test, melting point determination, TLC, UV/Vis Spectrophotometry, and infrared spectrophotometry. The results of the organoleptic test showed that N- (4t-butylbenzoyl) -p- aminophenol is powdered, gray and tasteless. Melting point of N-(4t- buthylbenzoyl)-p- aminophenol was 193 – 194 °C. TLC results showed that N-(4t-buthylbenzoyl)-p- aminophenol had two Rf values of 0.73 – 0.76 and 0.89 – 0.91. The results of UV wavelength scanning showed that N- (4t-butylbenzoyl) -p-aminophenol had two peaks at 290 and 294 wavelengths. Yield of N-4t- butylbenzoyl-p-aminophenol was 24.35%.
Keywords: N-(4t-buthylbenzoyl)-p-aminophenol, MgF2, catalyst, an antiinflamatory analgesi
Magnetic and Microwave Absorbing of Mn(1-x)NdxFe2O4 Synthesized with Co-Precipitation Method
Get PDFCharacterization of magnetic and microwave absorbing properties of Mn(1-x)NdxFe2O4 synthesized with co-precipitation method have been carried out. Mn(1-x)NdxFe2O4 (with x = 0.0; 0.4; and 0.8) powders was synthesized from mixture of NiCl2, NdCl3 and FeCl3 in mole ratio. Mixing of this powders were soluted with NH4OH 4M up to pH = 9.0. The formed precipitate were washed with demineralized water up to pH = 7.0 and then dryed at 120 oC for 5 h, sintered at 1200 for 3 h. Phase identification with X-ray diffractometer (XRD) have formed composite multiphases, which indicated by the appearance of MnFe2O4, NdFeO3 and Fe2O3 phase. The magnetic measurement using VSM (vibrating sample magnetometer) showed that the sample exhibited a ferromagnetic behavior, the Ms value is lower (in the range of 30 – 11 emu/g) while the Hc value is greater (in the range of 111 – 132 Oe) with increased concentration of Nd3+ ion (x values). Measurement by VNA (Vector Network Analyzer) showed the ability of absorption of microwaves increased with increasing content of Nd3+ ion, the composition of x = 0.0 at about 70% and addition of Nd3+ ion up to composition x = 0.8 at about 91%.
Keywords: MnNd ferrite, co-precipitation methode, magnetic properties, microwave absorptio
Ethnomedicine of Medicinal Plants By Batak Phakpak Subethnic in The Surung Mersada Village, Phakpak Bharat District, North Sumatera
Get PDFThe research was conducted the ethnomedicine of medicinal plants by ethnic Batak Phakpak, in the Phakpak Bharat District, North Sumatra. The research was conducted by ethnobotany approach through semi-structured interview. A total of 39 respondents consisting of 7 key informants and 32 general respondents were interviewed. The data obtained were analyzed using values of use values (UV) and cultural index significance (ICS). The sub-ethnic of Batak Phakpak in Surung Mersada village have been used 128 species belonging 102 genera and 51 families to cure the 24 types of diseases. Asteraceae, Zingiberaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Fabaceae, Solanaceae, and Rutaceae are the families with the highest number of species, 12, 8, 8, 8, 7 and 6 species respectively. UV of medicinal plants utilized by Phakpak Batak sub-ethnic is 0.25-3.97, while ICS value is 3-150. The bark of Bischofia javanica as a cholesterol drug and the leaves of Sauralia pendula as a hypertension drug arethe plants that have the potential to be developed commercially, so its take research of the secondary metabolites and bioassay.Keywords: Bischofia javanica, Sauralia pendula, use values, cultural significance inde