PRASASTI: Journal of Linguistics
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Conventional Implicature in Patient Package Inserts
Get PDFThe study aims to investigate the legal aspects and the informative aspects, especially the conventional implicature of patient package inserts. Eighty five patient package inserts were collected from licensed drugstores in Surakarta and the surroundings from February 1, 2013 to February 15, 2013 to be qualitative content analyzed. It was found that out of eighty five inserts, seventy four (87 percents) gave explanation in Indonesian only; eight package inserts (9.4 percents) had English and Indonesian translations; and three (3.6 percents) had English texts only. It seems that most of the pharmaceutical companies do not think original leaflets important for drug users or public readers. The companies focus more on legal aspects than on good benefit that might be gained by attaching the original ones. Without original brochures, it is not known whether the translation meet the Readability Guideline expectations: faithful translation, understandable and patient-friendly. Eight package brochures having English and Indonesian translation were discussed. Three of them contained sentences with inference markers of conventional implicature. The inference markers were: even, therefore and but; their conventional implicature were explained by way of the drugs mechanisms and metabolisms in human body. The scarcity of conventional implicature indicated by only three words (even, therefore and but) or three sentences among about eight times five hundred words or around four hundred sentences could be an indication of appreciable efforts of the English writers to meet understandable and patient-friendly information. They seemed to avoid conventional implicature that might be understood differently by many drug users or public readers. Key words: legal and informative aspects, readability, patient-friendly
ANALISIS TEKNIK DAN KUALITAS TERJEMAHAN KALIMAT YANG MEREPRESENTASIKAN TUTURAN MENGANCAM MUKA NEGATIF PADA THE ADVENTURES OF SHERLOCK HOLMES
Get PDFNovel terjemahan banyak beredar di toko-toko buku dibandingkan dengan novel karya lokal karena ragam cerita yang disajikan. Permintaan pasar tersebut membuat penerjemahan yang menjembatani ke dua bahasa menjadi penting. Namun greget dan rasa harus tetap dipertahankan dalam karya terjemahan dan hal ini terkait dengan pragmatik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: menganalisis penerjemahan kalimat yang merepresentasikan tuturan mengancam muka negatif pada The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes beserta terjemahannya, teknik yang digunakan dan tingkat keakuratan, keberterimaan dan keterbacaan terjemahan tuturan mengancam muka negatif .Penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif kualitatif terpancang dan berkasus tunggal. Data yang berupa tuturan diambil dari kumpulan cerita pendek The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes beserta terjemahannya. Data yang berupa informan terkumpul dari rater. Teknik sampling yang digunakan adalah purposive sampling. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah dengan analisis dokumen dan focus group discussion.Terdapat 21 jenis tuturan mengancam muka negatif. Adapun 15 teknik penerjemahan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 1028 teknik, antara lain: padanan lazim, variasi, reduksi, amplifikasi, adaptasi, transposisi, peminjaman murni, kreasi diskursif, kompresi linguistik, modulasi, kompensasi, generalisasi, harfiah, peminjaman naturalisasi, amplifikasi linguistik. Teknik yang memberi dampak positif: padanan lazim, amplifikasi, reduksi, peminjaman murni, kompensasi, adaptasi, dan kompresi linguistik. Teknik yang memberi dampak negatif: harfiah dan kreasi diskursif.Kata kunci: tindak tutur, tuturan mengancam muka negatif, teknik penerjemahan, kualitas terjemaha
THE RUDE DURYUDANA AND THE TRICKY SENGKUNI
Get PDFThis paper discusses the work of a foreign translator in rendering a wayangperformance entitled “Pandawa Boyong” simultaneously from Javanese to English. Wayang translation is brand new way to introduce Javanese culture to foreigners as well as to sustain its existance among people with modern lifestyles. One of the aspects translated in a wayang performance is the personalities of each characters. The translation will only convey the same effect as the original if the translator is expert in both, language and culture of Javanese and English. Each character has different personalities recognized from their speech acts and the tones as well as the gestures made by the dalang. Accordingly, the translator has to render the same speech acts as in the source language and consider the nonverbal language to create the same character.Key words: Wayang, Simultaneous Translation, Speech acts, Sengkuni
A BATHTUB OF POPCORN: KAJIAN ANALISIS WACANA KRITIS BUKU CERITA ANAK DWI BAHASA
Get PDFBuku anak-anak merupakan representasi dari suatu sudut pandang tertentu, dan memiliki asumsi, keyakinan, dan teori-teori tertentu, seperti halnya pembaca memiliki asumsi, keyakinan, dan teori-teori tertentu dalam keterlibatan mereka dengan teks. Sebagai bentuk wacana media, buku anak-anak dipandang sebagai media yang memuat suatu ideologi. Atas dasar itu, makalah ini bertujuan mengungkap konstruksi identitas karakter utama dengan menggunakan pendekatan Analisis Wacana Kritis (AWK) pada tataran analisis makro, meso dan mikro dalam cerita bergambar anak-anak dwibahasa (Indonesia – Inggris) A Bathtub of Popcorn (Satu Bak Mandi Penuh Berondong Jagung). Analisis menunjukkan bahwa meski pun buku cerita anak-anak ini dimaksudkan untuk mempromosikan gagasan keragaman sosial dan budaya, secara tidak langsung, buku cerita ini membuat representasi identitas karakter utamanya secara asimetris dengan mengedepankan kontekstualisasi yang ada pada negara berbahasa Inggris (Amerika Serikat) sebagai acuan kegiatan yang seakan-akan baik untuk dilakukan oleh anak kecil perempuan Indonesia. Dalam hal penyebutan karakter utama, konstruksi identitasnya juga tidak simetris.
FACE AND POLITNESS STRATEGY APPLIED IN NANNY MCPHEE'S IN INDONESIAN SUBTITLE
Get PDFPoliteness possibly affects both in speaking and an action in an interaction. It performs the speaker has a good moral. According to Yule (2000:60), “Politeness, in an interaction, can then be defined as the means employed to show awareness of another person‟s face.” Based on this theory, it tells how the speaker acts to conduct awareness of the other‟s face. Furthermore, the speaker will act carefully whenever he faces the addressee to respect his/her face, as the addressee has a higher status than the speaker. Additionally, politeness is divided into four strategies, positive politeness, on record, off record, and negative politeness. Each strategy has own way in interaction. This paper aims at investigating (1) What are the politeness strategies applied in the English and Indonesian subtitle in Nanny Mcphee and (2) What kind of translation procedures used in rendering English politeness strategies into Indonesian
A PRAGMATIC STUDY AND ITS TRANSLATION OF THE FACE CONCEPT IN DIANA PALMER'S CATTLEMANT'S PRIDE
Get PDFThis paper shows concept of face focused on positive and negative faces in theDiana Palmer‟s Cattlemant‟s Pride. The writer has tried to find forms ofexpressions containing positive and negative faces using qualitative contentanalysis method. From the findings and discussion, it is found that there are someforms of positive face under the categories of kidding and joking. Meanwhile in negative face, bold on record, deference and conventional indirectness. In terms of the translation, it can be said that the translation is good enough and tends to befree. Key Words: pragmatic, translation, face concep
SHALL YOU BE 'UNMARRIED' TO GET A JOB IN INDONESIA? CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS OF JOB RECRUITMENT PROCESS IN INDONESIA
Get PDFIn this article, I look into four job vacancy advertisements published by two state owned enterprise and two private companies. Using critical discourse analysis (CDA), this article focuses on the text implicit discrimination shown in the usage of the term "unmarried" or the synonyms which are often shown in the text for job vacancy in Indonesia. In order to keep the validity of the data, the job vacancy ads were taken directly from the companies’ websites. This study uses Fairclough (1995) framework on the technologization of the discourse. There are three arguments to be proven in this paper: (1) advertisers’ ideology supporting the discrimination of marital status, (2) advertisers’ perception toward societies’ ignorance in the ideology, and (3) to show the existence of anti-mainstream ideology similar to technologization of discourse. Keywords: critical discourse analysis, discrimination, ideolog
Modality Realizations in A Cross-Cultural Casual Conversation: A Systemic Functional Linguistics Perspective
Get PDFThis paper aims at construing the ways two spakers of a casual conversation who are culturally different realize their commitments towards the truth of their exchanges in the conversation. The corpus of data of this study was a stretch of approximately fifty-five-minute taped-English-conversation between a native speaker (an American female) and a non-native speaker (an Indonesian male). The data were analyzed by referring to Basic System of Modality as suggested by Matthiessen (1995) in systemic functional linguistics tradition. The study reveals that NNS was more unsure towards the truth of the propositions he exchanged in the conversation compared to NS. In modalizing his propositions, NNS preferred using subjective orientation compared to NS who preferred judging something on behalf of others.Keywords: modality, modalization, modulation, systemic functional linguistic
THE CORRESPONDENCE BETWEEN PHONETIC TRANSCRPTION AND ORTHOGRAPHIC TRANSCRIPTION IN ENGLISH
Get PDFThis study entitled The Correspondence between Phonetic Transcription and Orthographic Transcription in English is intended to describe how phonetic symbols correspond to orthographic symbols (alphabets), and to find the most complex and simplest phonetic symbols and orthographic symbols (alphabets). This study belongs to descriptive qualitative type. The research object is the phonetic transcription and orthographic transcription. The data were in the forms of words and their phonetic transcription and they were gathered from two dictionaries, namely Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of Current English written by Hornby (1986) in complete version and Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English written by Longman (2001). The data were gathered by observation method followed by noting technique. Then, dividing-key-factor technique using mental ability in dividing the data was used to analyze the data. The research findings show that in English the phonetic symbols (transcription) have one-to-many correspondence with the orthographic symbols (transcription) viewed from both sides. Viewed from the phonetic symbols, there are only two symbols which have one-to-onecorrespondence, namely [æ] and [Ɔ], but viewed from the orthographic symbols, all alphabets have one-to-many correspondence. The most complex phonetic symbol referring to vowels is [i:], while the simplest one is [æ]. The most complex phonetic symbols referring to diphthongs are [iə] and [uə], while the simplest one is [au]. Finally, the most complex orthographic symbol (alphabet indicating vowels) is o, while the simplest one is e. Key words: phonetic transcription, orthographic transcription, one-to-many correspondence, one-to-one correspondenc
LANGUAGE ACQUISITION OF DOWN SYNDROME CHILDREN IN THE DOWN SYNDROME VILLAGE PONOROGO : A PSYCHOLINGUISTICS OVERVIEW
Get PDFThis study focused on language acquisition of down syndrome children in the down syndrome village Ponorogo, East Java, Indonesia. The down syndrome villages are Krebet sub-district of Jambon, Sidoharjo sub-district of Jambon, Karangpatihan sub-district of Sidoharjo, Pandak sub-district of Balong, and Dayakan sub-district Badegan. The purpose of this study were (1) to explain the first language acquisition, in both lexical and grammatical; (2) to explain the second language acquisition, both lexical and grammatical; (3) to explain the factors that affect language acquisition of down syndrome children in Ponorogo, East Java, Indonesia. The method used in this study include the data providing by interview and questionnaire; the data are analyzed descriptively by stages identifying, classifying, interpreting, and explicating. The results showed that the down syndrome children aged 7-15 years which were being the research object, mastering the first language (mother tongue) only, it is Javanese in the ngoko form (the Javanese language lowest level). They do not mastered Bahasa Indonesia as the second language as well. The first language acquisition of lexical mastery are in the unique forms, including the mention of an object by a unique form, e.g. knife called pangot, the mention of the object based on its sound (onomatopoeic), for example ‘eong’ to mention cat, elimination of beginning consonants and vowels, elimination of middle consonant, consonant replacements, and others. Down syndrome children did not acquire prefix and also the repetition, did not recognize compound words, the concepts which are mastered is the here and now, the things around him, and now, it is not the past and imagination. In addition, children with Down syndrome do echolalia (imitating others), autoecholalia (repeating his own words), verbal auditory agnosia or cogenital word deafness (phonological perception problem). Some informants also impaired speech or stuttering and selective mutism (not speaking to certain situations and places) The down syndrome children were studied experienced those cases above since their birth, although some of them had the problems because of high temperature when they were on 6 months, 1.5 years, and 2 years. Inbreeding, maternal age over 35 years, and malnutrition becomes a trigger of down syndrome. The factors that affect the first and second language acquisition are (1) the informant is rarely communicate; (2) the informant never be read bedtime stories before bed; (3) the informant had not been provided the singing before bed; (4) The lack of attention from the family toward education, especially language acquisition. Key words : language acquisition, down syndrome children, psycholinguistic