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The Digital Revolution and Beyond
Get PDFTechnology is one of the main driving forces behind not only history, but human evolution itself. From the invention of fire and tools for hunting and cooking, technology has driven the course of human events in ever new directions. Some technologies have been so revolutionary that they have altered the course of human events in totally new directions. The printing press evented by Johannes Gutenberg around 1440 was one such technology which led to both the Protestant Reformation and aided the Age of Enlightenment with its scientific revolution. Other major technological achievements since the age of science have had tremendous impact, but none so much on society, culture, politics and economy as much as the digital revolution, and within that, the internet. It is the purpose of this paper to describe the origins and development of this technology and how this “Third Industrial Revolution” is impacting human life. Some of the current trends and potential pitfalls of this new revolution are delineated, with suggestions as to the future trends in the digital revolution.departmental bulletin pape
Male Gender Identity, Violence, and Hierarchy in Richard Ford’s “Great Falls” and “Under the Radar”
Get PDFRichard Ford’s （1944-） short story “Great Falls” portrays the spiritual growth of Jackie,
the narrator, who is looking back at his life when he was fourteen and was living in “the
sticks” in Montana. Witnessing his parents’ miscommunication and separation, he reaches a grim understanding of the dark aspects of life. Ford’s illustration of Jackie’s father, Jack, and of his being confused by the elopement of his unnamed wife with a young city boy named Woody emphasizes male and social class anxiety, which results in the violent act of threatening Woody with a gun. In this study, we explore how the narrator constructs Jack’s masculinity through the descriptions of the traditional “manly” acts of fishing and hunting and how his violence is presented as irrelevant in the story. We also examine “Under the Radar,” another short story by Ford that deals with male violence. We point out that Ford employs social class hierarchy as a background for Steven’s violence. When analyzing these short pieces of fiction, this study will show the writer’s ambivalent view on male gender identity. On the one hand, Ford cynically depicts the irrelevance of male violence. On the other hand, he shows sympathy toward his male characters, who depend on their anachronistic machismo.departmental bulletin pape
Preventive Effectiveness of Face Masks and Appropriate wearing Methods in COVID-19 Infection Control
Get PDFapplication/pdf本研究は、COVID-19 感染防止対策としてのマスクの性能と有用性を整理し、マスクの着用・選択方法について検討した。医中誌 Web とハンドサーチによって、感染予防対策としてのマスクの効果に関する研究を10件抽出した。マスク着用はエアロゾル飛散を防止するため、感染の有無に関係なくすべての人がマスクを着用するとCOVID-19 感染率が減少することが明らかになった。サージカルマスクはエアロゾル捕集効率が高く常用に適しているが、くしゃみや咳をした場合、織目が細かく層数が多い綿や絹の布マスクの方が、捕集効率が高くなった。不織布マスクは性能に差があるため表示を確かめて購入し、どの素材でも隙間がないマスクの着用で感染予防効果が高まることが明らかになった。また，マスクのみではエアロゾルの侵入を完全に防止できないことから、手指衛生や身体的距離を保つなどの他の感染対策と組み合わせた感染予防に努める必要がある。This study analyzed the performance and usefulness of face masks as a preventive measure against COVID-19 infection, and examined the method of wearing and selecting face masks. Ten studies on the effectiveness of face masks as infection prevention measures were extracted from the ICHUSHI Web and manual searches. It was found that face masks prevent aerosol dispersion, and that the COVID-19 infection rate decreased when face masks were worn by all individuals. Medical masks are suitable for regular use because of their aerosol-collecting effect. However, cotton or silk cloth masks are more effective for collecting aerosols when sneezing or coughing. Non-woven masks vary in performance, so it is advisable to check the labeling before purchasing. A face mask's ability to prevent infection is increased when it is worn without any gap.However, face masks alone cannot completely prevent aerosols from entering the body. Therefore, it is necessary to combine hand hygiene, physical distance maintenance, and other infection control measures to strengthen infection prevention.departmental bulletin pape
The Wilson-Gorman Tariff and the Cuban Independence Revolution
Get PDFThis paper is concerned primarily with the effects of the Wilson-Gorman Tariff on
the Cuban sugar economy, which some scholars insist triggered the Cuban Revolution.
Unexpectedly, however, they misunderstand those effects.
A distinguished historian, Louiz A. Pérez, Jr., argues that the Wilson-Gorman Tariff
repealed the privileged status of Cuban sugar in the United States and caused a devastating blow to the island. The Wilson-Gorman Tariff certainly annulled the Foster Canovas Treaty, a reciprocal agreement, but it had never given the privileged status to Cuban sugar. Therefore its repeal caused no severe results.
Furthermore, Pérez, Louis E. Aguilar, and Walter LaFeber insist that the Wilson-Gorman
Tariff drastically decreased the export of Cuban sugar in 1896. Indeed, the production
diminished, but it was not the result of the Wilson-Gorman Tariff but of the Liberation Army’s strategy, which aimed to sabotage and destroy the Cuban economy.
The Wilson-Gorman Tariff and the Spanish reaction certainly changed the trade
relationship between the United States and Cuba. Its effects, however, appeared not on the Cuban sugar export but the Cuban importation from it, such as foodstuffs.departmental bulletin pape
