Justicia Islamica (Journal)
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KONFLIK HUKUM LEGALITAS PERKAWINAN BEDA AGAMA DI INDONESIA
No full textThis article explores legal conflicts regarding the legality of interfaith marriages in Indonesia. There was a legal conflict between the provisions in Article 2 paragraph (1) of Law No. 1 of 1974 concerning Marriage, which determines the validity of marriages based on religious law, with Articles 34 and 35 of Law No. 23 of 2006 concerning Citizenship Administration, which states that a valid marriage is reported and registered. Article 35, letter (a) says that the court determines a legal marriage. Disharmony of laws and regulations concerning interfaith marriage regulations has influenced the interpretation of legal provisions, resulting in differences in judges' decisions. This raises the question of harmonizing the legal provisions between these laws and regulations. Analysis of the problem of the legality of interfaith marriage law is carried out using a normative juridical approach by using Soerjono Soekanto's theory of legal effectiveness. The results of this study indicate that the disharmony of interfaith marriage law causes multiple interpretations for judges in determining the legality of interfaith marriages. Unclear regulations cause the legal rules of interfaith marriages in Indonesia to cause conflicts between legal institutions. The legal substance factor is the main root of the ineffectiveness of the regulations on interfaith marriages in Indonesia. Disharmony between legal authorities impacts conflicts between legal institutions and influences the practice of interfaith marriages in society.Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi konflik hukum tentang legalitas perkawinan beda agama di Indonesia. Terjadi benturan hukum antara ketentuan dalam Pasal 2 ayat (1) Undang-Undang No. 1 Tahun 1974 tentang Perkawinan, yang menetapkan keabsahan perkawinan berdasarkan hukum agama, dengan Pasal 34 dan 35 Undang-Undang No. 23 Tahun 2006 tentang Administrasi Kependudukan, yang menyatakan bahwa perkawinan yang sah adalah yang dilaporkan dan dicatatkan. Dalam pasal 35 huruf (a) dinyatakan bahwa perkawinan yang sah adalah perkawinan yang ditetapkan oleh pengadilan. Disharmoni peraturan perundang-undangan tentang peraturan perkawinan beda agama telah mempengaruhi penafsiran ketentuan hukum, sehingga pada praktiknya mengakibatkan terjadinya perbedaan putusan hakim. Hal ini menimbulkan pertanyaan bagaimana menyelaraskan ketentuan hukum yang berbeda antara peraturan perundang-undangan tersebut. Analisis terhadap masalah legalitas hukum perkawinan beda agama dilakukan dengan menggunakan pendekatan yuridis normatif dengan memanfaatkan teori efektifitas hukum pemikiran Soerjono Soekanto. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa disharmoni hukum perkawinan beda agama menyebabkan terjadinya multi interpretasi bagi hakim dalam menetapkan keabsahan perkawinan beda agama. Regulasi yang tidak jelas menyebabkan aturan hukum perkawinan beda agama di Indonesia menimbulkan konflik antar lembaga hukum. Faktor aturan hukum menjadi akar utama tidak efektifnya aturan tentang perkawinan beda agama di Indonesia. Disharmoni antar aturan hukum berdampak pada konflik antar lembaga hukum dan berpengaruh terhadap praktik perkawinan beda agama di masyarakat
Pancasila, Piagam Madinah, dan Konstruksi Fikih Kebangsaan Ala Pesantren: Studi Hasil Bah}th al-Masa>il Forum Musyawarah Pondok Pesantren (FMPP) XXX Tahun 2016
No full textThis paper analyses one of the decisions reached by the baḥth al-masÄil Islamic Boarding School Deliberation Forum (FMPP) in Java and Madura in 2016 at the Babakan Islamic Boarding School in Ciwaringin, Cirebon. In its decision, baḥth al-masÄil FMPP stated that Pancasila as the State's foundation is consistent with the values enshrined in the Medina Charter. The issues that will be addressed in this study are: first, how does baḥth al-masÄil FMPP use the argumentation structure to reach this decision? Second, consider the relevance of the baḥth al-masÄil decision and the ideas of civilizational fiqh produced by the PBNU. To address these two issues, the authors performed a study of the literature based on the primary data from the official document of the baḥth al-masÄil FMPP decision and some results from the PBNU's halaqah fiqh of civilization. The usul fiqh and qawa'id fiqhiya approaches were used in this study, specifically the theory of maslahah and mafsadah in Islamic law. The data in the decision document was then analyzed using content analysis techniques. Based on the data and analysis, it was determined that, first, the Baḥth al-masÄil FMPP decision on the Pancasila issue was formulated based on a solid argumentation with maslaha as its primary paradigm, and the decision's results also demonstrated that Islamic boarding schools have a distinct national fiqh construction. Second, the relevance of the national fiqh construction arising from the baḥth al-masÄil FMPP on Pancasila with the NU civilizational fiqh idea sits in its function as the primary foundation of civilizational fiqh ideas.Tulisan ini membahas salah satu hasil keputusan Bah}th al-Masa>il Forum Musyawarah Pondok Pesantren (FMPP) se-Jawa Madura ke-30 di PP. Babakan, Ciwaringin, Cirebon, tahun 2016. Salah satu dari keputusan Bah}th al-Masa>il FMPP tersebut membahas masalah Pancasila dan Piagam Madinah. Dalam keputusannya, Bah}th al-Masa>il FMPP menyatakan bahwa Pancasila sebagai dasar Negara sudah sangat sesuai dengan nilai-nilai yang ada dalam Piagam Madinah. Fokus masalah yang akan dijawab dalam tulisan ini adalah, pertama, bagaimana bangunan argumentasi yang digunakan Bah}th al-Masa>il FMPP hingga melahirkan keputusan tersebut. Kedua, melihat signifikansi hasil keputusan tersebut terhadap konstruksi fikih kebangsaan ala pesantren. Untuk menjawab dua masalah ini, penulis melakukan studi kepustakaan dengan data utama dokumen resmi keputusan Bah}th al-Masa>il FMPP. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam kajian ini adalah pendekatan Ushul Fiqh dan Qawa>’id Fiqhi>yah, khususnya teori mas}lah}ah} dan mafsadah dalam hukum Islam. Data yang terdapat dalam dokumen keputusan tersebut kemudian penulis analisis menggunakan tehnik analisi isi. Dari data-data dan analisis yang dilakukan kemudian dihasilkan kesimpulan bahwa, pertama, keputusan Bah}th al-Masa>il FMPP tentang masalah Pancasila dirumuskan di atas bangunan argumentasi yang kuat dengan mas}lah}ah} sebagai paradigma utamanya. Kedua, keputusan Bah}th al-Masa>il FMPP tentang Pancasila memberi dampak signifikan terhadap konstruksi fikih kebangsaan ala pesantren yang dibangun di atas tiga prinsip berikut: mengutamakan aspek substansial daripada aspek formal, menjadikan mas}lah}ah sebagai inti muaranya, dan menjadikan toleransi dan perdamaian sebagai basis berpikirnya.
 
Nahdlatul Ulama's Ijtihad Method in Fatwa: Analysis of the Content of Legal Decisions and their Validity in Indonesia
No full textThis research aimed to investigate the method of inference in Nahdatul Ulama Scholars to issue fatwas regarding some issues in Indonesia. This research applied the qualitative method to collect data for looking into the topic and using a content analysis approach to analyze the legal decision of Nahdatul Ulama scholars and its validity as a product of fatwa. The results show that the inference done by Nahdatul Ulama scholars did not correspond to the belief done by the Muslim scholars in the past era due to their shortcomings in fulfilling the requirement of Mujtahid Muthlaq. This research also reveals that their method can be categorized as ijtihad jama’i, and the validity of the fatwas was significant enough for the Indonesian Muslim society to perform their daily ibadah or muamalah activities. This research contributes to the existing body of literature by providing insights into the specific inference method employed in Indonesia. It focuses on the influence of fatwas issued by scholars affiliated with Nahdatul Ulama, highlighting their significant following among ordinary individuals associated with this organization.  
The Development of Startup Coop in Indonesia: An Overview Maqashid al-Sharia
No full textThis paper uses the juridical-philosophical method and conceptual approach to develop regulations for cooperative-based startup companies (startup coop) in Indonesia from the perspective of positive law and maqÄsid al-SharÄ«a. This study concludes that the issue of startup coop from the maqashid perspective is considered not contrary to Islamic values, the principles of muamalah, and in harmony with the objectives of the law. Startup Coop is oriented towards creative innovation based on the value of brotherhood and kinship. In addition, startup coops also aim to absorb productive labor and develop human resources from among the younger generation in creative business development. This research contributes to optimizing creative and innovative human resources in line with maqashid ideal goals
Industrial Design Protection in Indonesia: A Fiqh Perspective and its Challenges in Facing Communalistic Values
No full textAs a member of the World Trade Organization and a signatory to the TRIPs Agreement, the Indonesian Government drafted Law Number 31 of 2000 concerning industrial design. The establishment of TRIPs was the desire of industrial countries such as America and Europe to protect their products and strengthen their monopolistic position in international trade. Besides that, the philosophical foundation of TRIPs is based on individualism, while the social reality of the Indonesian nation adheres to a communalistic way of life. This research aims to describe industrial design protection in Indonesia and its problems from a fiqh perspective. This research is a legal research based on primary and secondary legal materials. Researchers also examined Law No. 31 of 2000 concerning industrial design and the Academic Paper of the Draft Law on Industrial Design in 2015. In data analysis, the authors use descriptive and comparative techniques. This study finds that although the Law of industrial design originates from the rules of the TRIPs Agreement, it generally does not conflict with Islamic jurisprudence but is in harmony with it. However, there are problems in protecting industrial design. To solve these problems, it is necessary to improve the industrial design law by considering national interests, improve the legal structure by increasing the professionalism of judges and judicial staff, and improve legal culture through education, socialization of legal regulations, good examples, and halal industrial designs.  
Social Justice and Humanity on Polygamous Marriage at the Religious Court of Pasuruan, Indonesia
No full textPolygamy can be granted if it meets one of the alternative conditions and the absolute cumulative condition. However, sometimes alternative terms are used as wrappers for other reasons to look ridiculous, such as humanity. This paper examines three polygamy rulings at the Pasuruan Religious Court in 2019 using the three Indonesia Women Ulama Congress (KUPI) fatwa approaches ma’ruf, mubadalah, and ultimate justice. The article finds that the reason for public justice is used to wrap up humanitarian reasons. In the ma’ruf approach, the standard of public justice as the basis for judges' consideration needs to be more precise because it does not refer to the global public experience. These standards are not in harmony with the decent logic of women in general. The Mubadalah approach ensures a balanced interpretation and interplay of public justice and humanity. The judge’s reasoning for considering standards of public justice and humanity based on patriarchal paradigms deserves to be criticized. The ultimate justice approach illustrates that the judge's reasoning is not based on women's biological, sociological, and anthropological life experiences in the case of polygamy. Using justice and justifying humanitarian reasons in some polygamy rulings in the Pasuruan Religious Court does not yet have a solid basic legal paradig
From Tradition to Mainstream: Understanding the Integration of Islamic Law in Various Global Settings
No full textThe study highlights the importance of integrating Islamic law in global legal settings, enriching the legal framework, and promoting interreligious dialogue. This is an important area that needs to be understood and taken seriously in the context of ongoing world changes. The study used a qualitative approach to analyze academic literature, legal documents, and related research reports from various sources. The research findings identify several significant examples of integration of Islamic law in different global settings, including Muslim and non-Muslim majority countries. The integration of Islamic law in a worldwide legal environment offers meaningful potential. First, values such as social justice, balance, and common good in Islamic law can provide a different and complementary perspective to the principles of secular law. This impacts more inclusive and fair policies for the Muslim community. Second, the integration of Islamic law can better facilitate interreligious dialogue. Non-Muslim communities' more profound understanding of Islamic law may open the way for constructive dialogue, mutual understanding, and cooperation in addressing global legal issues. This has the potential to reduce tensions and increase interreligious tolerance. However, challenges and controversies are also part of integrating Islamic law. Recognition of the validity and relevance of Islamic law in more comprehensive legal settings is still doubted by some. At the same time, differences in interpretation and implementation can lead to tensions in diverse societies
Imum Gampong Authority as Amil of Zakat According to Fiqh and Qanun of Aceh
No full textImum Gampong has a share and role in amil of zakat. The research aims to determine the position of the Imum Gampong in amil of zakat as seen from the perspective of fiqh and qanun of Aceh. This research uses a descriptive analysis method with a qualitative approach. The results of this research indicate that in zakat management, according to fiqh, the Imum Gampong has the authority to determine, establish, and inaugurate zakat administrators (amil of zakat) at the village (gampong) level. In contrast, according to the qanun of Aceh, besides being given the authority to inaugurate the zakat administrator of the gampong (amil of zakat) at the village level, imum gampong can also act as amil of zakat itself so that the imum gampong is also entitled to ujrah (fees) of the asnaf of amil of zakat in addition to the salary from the government for the occupation. In fact, in Acehnese society, the imum gampong is part of the amil zakat, takes costs from the amil zakat part, and is entitled to fees of the asnaf of amil of zakat. Based on the two sources of law on the authority of the Imum Gampong, the position of the Imum Gampong in the fiqh perspective is narrower than the perspective of the Qanun of Aceh. According to the Qanun of Aceh, the Imum Gampong has four tasks in zakat management: appointing administrators, recording, collecting, and distributing zakat to zakat mustahiq. Recommend stakeholders to revise the provisions in the Aceh qanun to be adapted to the fiqh concept that is developing in Aceh province
LARANGAN PERCERAIAN DALAM PERSPEKTIF HUKUM ADAT LAMPUNG
No full textThe people of Lampung have a paradigm that marriage is life and death, while divorce is forbidden because it will separate the two prominent families according to custom. This study aims to examine the paradigm of the Lampung indigenous people regarding the prohibition of divorce from the perspective of maqasid sharia. This qualitative field research has a socio-philosophical approach to reviewing maqasid sharia. While the primary data is by interviewing Lampung traditional leaders and communities, the secondary data is books and articles published about the prohibition of divorce in the indigenous people of Lampung. Philosophically, the people of Lampung have a life philosophy of pill pesenggiri (self-esteem) for the sake of maintaining the sacredness of the Lampung Pepadun traditional marriage, which is carried out according to religion and custom, so that divorce becomes a disgrace because it will lower family pride. However, this does not mean that it is absolute that divorce is an emergency exit, even though it is taboo by customary law. Meanwhile, historically, this customary prohibition law has been passed down by previous ancestors, which the indigenous people of Lampung preserved to protect their descendants (hifdzu nasl).Abstrak
Larangan dalam perkawinan dalam konteks hukum Islam adalah bertujuan untuk mencegah kemudharatan, seperi halnya larangan karena adanya hubungan nasab, persusuan maupun hubungan semenda. Berbeda dengan hukum adat pada masyarakat Lampung yang memiliki sebuah paradigma bahwa perkawinan adalah sehidup semati, perceraian adalah pantangan dan memisahkan dua keluarga besar secara adat. Yang menarik untuk dikajia adalah, bagaimana pandangan maqasid al-syariah dalam menyikapi paradigma larangan perkawinan adat pada masyarakat Lampung? Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menggali makna filosofis serta argumen hukum yang diterapkannya. Penelitian ini adalah jenis kualitatif yang bersifat studi lapangan (field reseach) dengan menggunakan filosofi-historis dan aktualisasinya di masyarakat lalu dianalisa dengan maqasid al-syariah. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa secara filosofis, larangan dalam perkawinan adat pada masyarakat Lampung adalah guna menjaga wibawa dan kesakralan dari pernikahan, karena selain perkawinan dilakukan secara agama, juga dilakukan secara adat, sehingga perpisahan adalah sesuatu yang dapat memalukan keluarga besar dan adat, namun semikian bukan berarti bersifat mutlak, bahwa perceraian adalah sebagai jalan keluar (emergency exit) walaupun pantangan bagi adat. Sedangkan secara historis bahwa hukum larangan adat ini telah diwarisi oleh nenek moyang terdahulu yang dilestatikan oleh sebagian masyarakat adat Lampung sampai hari ini
Trade of Debts Resulting from Financial Intermediation: Analysis from Sharia Perspective
No full textThe modern financial system encourages people to incur debts to fulfill basic needs and spend beyond one’s wants. The core of this system is based on interest, which results from the financial intermediation between creditors and borrowers. Regardless of the interest element prohibited in Islam, the notion of excessive debt creation through financial intermediation and trading the debt is very serious, as it may lead to global financial crises. The study seeks to address debt trading from a Sharia perspective and address the justifications and attempts by some institutions to validate debt trading despite its established prohibition in Sharia. To achieve the above, the paper employs qualitative research methodology, which adopts a textual analysis approach together with a review of the stands of the contemporary Fiqh bodies. The study finds that the excessive creation of debt through financial intermediation and its concentration in financial institutions poses a severe threat to the economy and carries the seeds of financial crises. Following debt creation and concentration, debt trading aggravates the situation. It pushes it beyond borders, whereas Sharia, through prohibiting debt trading, advocated thoroughly in the study, gives Islamic finance genuine immunity against financial crises