AHKAM : Jurnal Ilmu Syariah
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Sistem Pengangkatan Presiden dalam Fikih Siyasah
Get PDFThe majority of Islamic scholars have argued that the president appoint a (Caliph) is obligatory. That is because human life can not possibly be a good, safe, prosperous and mutual respect between each other except in the presence of a leader. The presence of a leader is crucial understanding of living in a pluralistic community. This article examines the arguments concerning the obligation to appoint a leader, where there is a difference of opinion in terms of the mechanism of selection and appointment of a leader.DOI: 10.15408/ajis.v15i1.284
ANALYTICAL FRAMEWORK FOR STUDY THE FATWAS OF SHARIA ECONOMICS
No full textAs a legal opinion, fatwas are an important part of the development of the Sharia economics. Islamic values embodied in sharia norms are confirmed in the fatwa. In case of sharia economics, the fatwa itself was determined by scholars who are considered to have scientific authority capable in the field of fiqh muamalah maliyah and Islamic economics. In principle, the fatwa is non-binding. Because, fatwas are legal opinions. However, the fatwa has a binding power when the fatwa is established as the basis for establishing compliance with sharia norms by law. As applied in several countries, such as Malaysia and Indonesia. This fatwa model is an interesting phenomenon to study. In order to conduct an in-depth analysis of the fatwa an analysis framework is needed that can be used as a guide in conducting a study. There are several analytical frameworks prepared by experts to analyze sharia economic fatwas. This article describes the analytical framework adapted from Emitai Etzioni when explaining social change. Fatwas are analyzed by considering the source of the birth of fatwa, the substance which is the content of the fatwa, and the impact of the fatwa on the economy and Islamic finance
Gender Awareness in Islamic Legal Education
No full textThis article aims at discussing the integration of gender issues in Islamic legal education in Indonesia and Malaysia. In particular, this is to see how gender issues are taught to Islamic law students and integrated into the curricula to instil gender awareness. Based on empirical inquiries in the Department of Family Law of Faculty of Sharia and Law of State Islamic University Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta and Faculty of Sharia and Law of Academy of Islamic Studies, University of Malaya, this study finds that the attempts to include gender issues in the curricula have been still very limited and insufficient. Courses that directly discuss gender issues and human rights issues are treated merely as elective courses. Except in Jakarta UIN, currently, the specific course on gender becomes a compulsory course. Moreover, the integration of gender discussion into general courses is not easy. This depends on the willingness and awareness of the lecturers to include the discussion. The significant challenge in integrating gender issues in Islamic legal education is related to lecturers and students’ previous norms, values, and ideology. Because of this, the introduction to gender discourse becomes mind-provoking. This study relies on data from the curricula, interviews with faculties’ key figures, and Focus Group Discussion with students from both institutions. Tulisan ini membahas tentang integrase isu gender ke dalam pendidikan hukum Islam di Indonesia dan Malaysia. Fokus penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat bagaimana isu gender diajarkan kepada mahasiswa hukum Islam dan bagaimana isu gender diintegrasikan ke dalam kurikulum untuk menanamkan kesadaran gender. Melalui penelitian empiris di Program Studi Hukum Keluarga, Fakultas Syariah dan Hukum, Universitas Islam Negeri Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta dan Jabatan Syariah dan Undang-Undang, Akademi Pengajian Islam, Universiti Malaya, kajian ini menemukan bahwa upaya untuk memasukan isu gender dalam kurikulum pendidikan hukum Islam masih sangat terbatas dan belum cukup. Mata kuliah-mata kuliah yang secara langsung membahas isu gender dan hak asasi manusia kebanyakan hanya dijadikan mata kuliah pilihan. Kecuali di UIN Jakarta, baru-baru ini mata kuliah terkait gender menjadi mata kuliah wajib. Selanjutnya, integrasi pembahasan gender ke dalam mata kuliah umum tidak lah mudah. Tantangan paling besar yang dihadapi adalah norma, nilai dan ideologi terdahulu yang dimiliki oleh dosen dan mahasiswa. Hal tersebut menjadikan pengenalan terhadap isu gender menantang bagi pemikiran yang sudah mereka miliki. Data pada kajian ini berasal dari kurikulum, wawancara dengan tokoh-tokoh kunci pada dua fakultas dan Focus Group Discussion dengan mahasiswa dari dua institusi
Khitan dalam Literatur Hadis Hukum
Get PDFWhat was found in this paper strengthen Syaltut Mahmud statement and some other scholars that the orders circumcision, for both men and women, not relying directly on religious scripture text, because no one else valid hadith regarding circumcision command. The arguments presented cleric who require circumcision is very weak. According to Mahmud Syaltut, the command of circumcision in Islam actually be accommodated only through the rule of jurisprudence that injure members of the living body (in this case circumcision) is allowed if it there is the benefit derived from it.DOI: 10.15408/ajis.v15i1.285
Internalisasi Maqâshid al-Syarî’ah dalam Ekonomi Menurut M. Umer Chapra
Get PDFIslamic economic system as part of a true Islamic teachings from the beginning must have intended to establish what the objectives pensyariatannya (maqasid al-shari\u27ah), namely the realization of the benefit to achieve happiness in this world and in the hereafter. The purpose of Islamic economics is welfare or well-being in the field of material possessions or wealth. However, it is not understood as something separate from a form of devotion (worship) to God, so that the welfare and management of material possessions still have to refer to the values of all the Lord\u27s and deals with aspects of the benefit of others in the maqasid al-shariah.DOI: 10.15408/ajis.v15i1.285
Revitalisasi Teori Maslahat Mulghâh al-Thûfî dan Relevansinya dalam Pembentukan Perundang- Undangan di Indonesia
Get PDFTo make Islam as a guide in life, need to be developed in the form of legislation to have the force of law is clear in its implementation, both personally and nation. The establishment of law in Indonesia need the proper method to be practiced and bring peace, tranquility and mercy for all citizens. Many new problems that arise and can not set legal textually through the Quran and the Sunah. One method that could otherwise be used in the determination of the law is mashlahat mulghâh theory. Prospects for the establishment of Islamic law in the form of legislation is very open because the state guarantees the freedom of each citizen to profess his own religion and to worship according to their religion or belief DOI: 10.15408/ajis.v15i1.284
Modern Technology Urgency in the Development of Islamic Law
Get PDFThis paper aims at examining the advancement of modern technology and its intersection with Islamic law. Some areas discussed are related to worship, family law, and medical treatment using organ transplantation. This study finds that some areas of Islamic law are statics, while others are dynamics. The modern technology has provided convenience for human beings such as the use of technology in pilgrimage; the determination of paternity; having baby through IVF, and the medical treatment for patients with heart failure. On the other hand, modern technology cannot change Islamic provisions on worship. Penelitian ini mencoba membahas kemajuan teknologi modern dan dampaknya terhadap hukum Islam, termasuk di bidang ibadah, hukum keluarga, dan perawatan medis seperti penggunakan transplantasi organ. Beberapa bidang hukum Islam bersifat statis sementara yang lain bersifat dinamis. Teknologi modern telah memberikan kemudahan bagi manusia seperti penggunaan teknologi dalam berhaji; penentuan ayah terhadap bayi melalui IVF, dan perawatan medis untuk pasien dengan gagal jantung. Di sisi lain, teknologi modern tidak dapat mengubah ketentuan Islam tentang ibadah
Israel’s Violations of the International Agreement in Siyasah Kharijiyyah (Study of Israeli-Palestinian Peace Agreement 1993-2007)
No full textThe implementation of the principle of Pacta Sunt Servanda in every international agreement is crucial, considering that the principle necessitates both parties to comply with the agreement. However, in the case of a peace agreement between Israel and Palestine, the fact shows the opposite. This has been due to the violation of the agreement by Israel between 1993-2007. Employing a normative-empirical approach, this study analyzes Israel’s violations against the Israeli-Palestinian peace agreement between 1993-2007, which contradict the principle of Pacta Sunt Servanda and the Siyasah Kharijiyya concept. This study reveals that Israel neglected the principle of Pacta Sunt Servanda in the peace agreement with Palestine. The absence of sanctions for Israel shows that the International Court of Justice has not been able to provide legal certainty for the Palestinian people. Implementasi asas Pacta Sunt Servanda mutlak ada dalam setiap perjanjian internasional. Asas ini sebagai landasan bahwa perjanjian tersebut wajib dipatuhi kedua belah pihak. Namun, faktanya sangatlah bertolak belakang dengan yang diharapkan. Pada perjanjian damai Israel-Palestina, banyak pelanggaran yang dilakukan Israel pada perjanjian damai tersebut terutama kurun waktu 1993–2007. Pada masa itu, telah terjadi rangkaian perjanjian damai antara Israel-Palestina, namun pihak Israel yang selalu melanggar hasil kesepakatan perjanjian tersebut. Dengan pendekatan normatif-empiris, penelitian ini menganalisis pelanggaran Israel pada perjanjian damai Israel-palestina dalam kurun waktu tahun 1993– 2007. Pelanggaran tersebut bertentangan dengan asas Pacta Sunt Servanda dalam konsep perjanjian internasional dan Siyasah Kharijiyyah pada kajian Fikih Siyasah. Temuan penelitian menjelaskan bahwa Israel tidak mengindahkan asas Pacta Sunt Servanda dalam melakukan perjanjian damai dengan Palestina. Tidak ada sanksi terhadap Israel memperlihatkan bahwa Mahkamah Internasional belum dapat memberikan kepastian hukum terhadap rakyat Palestina.
Potential Islamic Radicalism and Terrorism in the Province of West Nusa Tenggara
No full textStudies on the root and causes of radicalism and terrorism have revealed that economic drawbacks and injustice are the primary causes of the birth of such groups. However, it is likely that it would be a distinct case within the Indonesian landscape, particularly West Nusa Tenggara Province (NTB), given the relative conduciveness and good democratic atmosphere of the country and province. For this reason, drawing on the available artefacts and several mass conflicts and terrors happening in the province, this study analyses whether there is any potential of radical and terrorist groups to grow; and, if any, what factors promoting such growth. The findings indicate that the province can be a potential area for radical and terrorist groups to thrive. Furthermore, the main factors promoting the growth of such radical groups and violence or mass incidents include: the misinterpretation of the Islamic teachings, the available network of terrorist groups such as East Indonesian Mujahidin in the province, the geographical location, and the reluctance of the mainstream moderate Muslims to promote religious moderatism to such growing groups in both islands of Sumbawa and Lombok. Penelitian ini menjelaskan akar dan penyebab radikalisme dan terorisme di Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat (NTB). Selama ini diungkapkan bahwa keterbelakangan ekonomi dan ketidakadilan adalah penyebab utama lahirnya kelompok radikal dan teroris tersebut. Namun, kasus berbeda terdapat di Nusa Tenggara Barat (NTB), karena di daerah ini suasana kondusif dan demokrasi yang relatif baik. Untuk itu, dengan melihat fenomena tersebut dan beberapa konflik massa dan teror yang terjadi di provinsi ini, penelitian ini menganalisis apakah ada potensi kelompok radikal dan teroris untuk tumbuh; dan, jika ada, faktor apa yang mendorong pertumbuhan tersebut. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa provinsi ini dapat menjadi daerah pontensial bagi kelompok radikal dan teroris untuk berkembang. Hal ini disebabkan karena salah tafsir atas ajaran Islam oleh jaringan kelompok teroris yang seperti Mujahidin Indonesia Timur selain lokasi geografinya. Alasan lainya ialah keengganan kaum Muslim moderat untuk memberi kesadaran terhadap kelompok-kelompok teroris di provinsi tersebut
Legitimacy on Inter-Faith Marriages: An Analysis of the Role of Religious Councils on the Legal Policy in Indonesia
No full textThe legal vacuum for of inter-faith marriage is one of the unresolved issues in Indonesia, especially with regard to civil rights. Indonesia’s Marriage Law No. 1 of 1974 has not accommodated the legal policy of marriage between different religions. Moreover, there are some different views between religious leaders on the permissibility of the inter-faith marriage. This study attempts to analyse the relations between Indonesia’s Religious Councils and the legal policies on inter-faith marriages. Data was collected through observation and semi-structured interviews with the representatives of Indonesia’s religious councils from six religions. It finds that Indonesia’s Religious Councils have no role by any means in the formation of legal policies related to inter-faith marriage in Indonesia since the Marriage Law had been created before the Religious Councils established. Regarding the legitimacy of inter-faith marriage, the religious leaders offered conflicting statements. Several religious leaders still decided to stay with the prohibition of interfaith marriage based on the popular religious traditions and the constitutional realm. Albeit religious leaders favour or disfavour inter-faith marriage, the practice is still widely flourished and rapidly increased. This observable fact should be an important reason for the Constitutional Court either to grant or deny the practices of inter-faith marriage in Indonesia. Terkait hak-hak sipil, terdapat kekosongan landasan hukum dalam kasus perkawinan beda agama di Indonesia. Undang-Undang Perkawinan Indonesia No. 1 Tahun 1974 tidak mengakomodasi kebijakan hukum perkawinan beda agama. Selain itu, ada perbedaan pandangan antara para pemimpin agama tentang diizinkannya pasangan dari agama yang berbeda, misalnya dalam hal peninjauan materi Pasal 2 ayat (1) UU Perkawinan. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini menganalisis hubungan antara Dewan Agama Indonesia dan kebijakan hukum tentang pernikahan antar agama. Sumber data penelitian ini adalah observasi dan wawancara semi-terstruktur dengan perwakilan dari Dewan Agama Indonesia dari lima agama yang diakui di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa Dewan Agama Indonesia tidak memiliki peran apa pun dalam penentuan kebijakan hukum pernikahan beda agama. Hal ini karena UU Perkawinan telah dibuat sebelum adanya Dewan Agama. Dalam topik legitimasi pernikahan lintas agama, para pemimpin agama menyatakan pernyataan yang bertentangan. Sejumlah pemimpin agama masih memutuskan melarang pernikahan antar agama berdasarkan tradisi keagamaan populer dan ranah konstitusional sedangkan bebera lainnya memberikan sebaliknya. Meskipun belum ada kesepakatan para pemimpin agama tentang pernikahan antaragama, praktik ini masih terjadi bahkan meningkat pesat. Fakta ini harus menjadi alasan penting bagi Mahkamah Konstitusi untuk memberikan atau menolak praktik pernikahan antaragama di Indonesia.