Jurnal Keteknikan Pertanian
Not a member yet
627 research outputs found
Sort by
Penggunaan Near Infrared Spectroscopy Pada Penentuan Kandungan Padatan Terlaru.t Buah Mangga Indramayu Secara Tidak Merusak
No full textNear infrared (NIR) spectroscopy appears as a prominent method for nondestructive fruit quality assessment. In this work, the relationship between the nondestructive NIR spectral measurements and the soluble solids content (SSC) of mango fruit was investigated. A number of 92 mango fruits (Mangifera indica var. Indramayu) were used as samples. The samples were divided into two groups, 46 samples for developing calibration model and 46 samples for performing validation. Using a portable spectrometer, spectra for each sample were acquired in absorbance mode at six different positions. The SSC of mango was measured using the digital refraktometer. The Partial Least Squares (PLS) regression was used to develop a calibration model. The NIR spectroscopy method successfully determined the sse of mango fruits with correlation coefficient between predicted and actual values (r) of 0.91, standard error of prediction (SEP) of 0. 74, and bias of 0.02. Keywords: NIR spectroscopy, soluble solids content, absorbance mode, nondestructive method,mangoDiterima: 18 Maret 2008; Disetujui: 17 Juli 200
Penentuan Konsentrasi Tanah Dalam Air Sungai Berdasarkan Perbedaan Warna
No full textInformation of soil erosion is very useful related with prevention action and planning in the future. The objective of this research is to determine soil concentration in water river based on colour differences using image processing and artificial neural network (ANN). Soil and water mixture image was taken using a digital camera then was processed by an image processing program. Two ANN Models were developed. The first model had 3 input parameters while the second model had 6 input parameters. Both models had altogether one output parameters of the soil concentration. The accuracy of the first model was 38% while the second one was 36%. Keywords: Soil and Water mixture, image processing, ANNDiterima: 12 Maret 2008; Disetujui: 20 Juni 200
Kombinasi Perlakuan Hot Water Treatment dan CaCl2 untuk Mencegah Kerusakan Fisiologis Buah Belimbing (Averrhoa carambola L.)
No full textAbstract Demand and productivity of starfruit have been increased every year. With that potency, starfruit could determined as national fruit commodityto be exported. One of the obstacle that encountered by fruit export from Indonesia was the high attack of pest or fruit fly which caused many fruit do not qualify in the quarantine process. Moreover, the problem of postharvest handling should be more focused because the starfruit was perishable commodity. In this research, postharvest handling was combination of hot water treatment and soaking in CaCl2 solution. This research used starfruit variety of Dewi with ripeness index of level 4. Samples treated with hot water treatment (HWT) with three levels (35oC for 60’; 45oC for 40’ and 55oC for 15’). After HWT, samples treated with soaking in CaCl2 solution at three level treatments (60’; 40’; dan 20’). The results showed that HWT was very significantly affected on overall starfruit quality during storage, whereas treatment of soaking in CaCl2 solution wasn’t significantly affected on starfruit quality. Meanwhile, combination of HWT and CaCl2 were significantly affected to respiration rate, weight shrinkage, brightness level, yellow-blue pulp level, and panelists acceptance toward flavor and aroma. Treatment of HWT 55ºC for 15 minutes, softening of fruit pulp cannot be avoided because of the heat injury. Combination of HWT 45ºC for 40 minutes and 4% CaCl2 for 60 minutes can maintain quality till 24th day panelist acceptance test. Keywords : starfruit, hot water treatment, CaCl2, panelist, fungi Abstrak Permintaan dan produksivitas buah belimbing telah menunjukkan kenaikan dari tahun ke tahun, dimana dengan potensi ini, buah belimbing bisa menjadi buah nasional andalan ekspor. Salah satu kelemahan dari buah eksport Indonesia adalah tingginya serangan penyakit dan lalat buah yang menyebabkan beberapa buah tidak bisa lolos dari proses pemeriksaan karantina. Lebih dari itu, masalah penanganan pasca panen harus lebih fokus karena buah belimbing termasuk komoditas yang mudah rusak. Pada penelitian ini, penanganan pasca panen dengan kombinasi perlakuan pecelupan air pana dan perendaman dengan larutan CaCl2. Penelitian ini menggunkan buah belimbing varietas Dewi dengan indeks kematangan 4. Sample diperlakukan dengan air panas (HWT) dengan 3 tingkat suhu dan lama perendaman (35oC selama 60’; 45oC selama 40’ dan 55oC selama 15’), Setelah HWT, sample kemudian direndam dalam larutan CaCl2 dengan 3 tingkat lama pencelupan (60’; 40’; dan 20’). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan HWT sangat berpengaruh pada seluruh parameter mutu buah selama penyimpanan, namun perlakuan pencelupan dengan larutan CaCl2 tidak berpengaruh pada mutu produk. Kombinasi perluan keduanya berpengaruh terhadap parameter kecepatan respirasi, susut bobot, tingkat kecerahan kulit, level warna kuning-biru daging buah, serta tingkat penerimaan panelis terhadap bau dan aroma. Pada perlakuan HWT dengan suhu 55ºC selama 15 menit,menyebabkan pelunakan daging buah akibat dari ‘heat injury’. Kombinasi perlakuan HWT 45ºC selama 40 menit dan 4% CaCl2 selama 60 menitsdapat mempertahankan mutu buah sampai hari ke-24 berdasarkan penerimaan panelis. Kata kunci :buah belimbing, hot water treatment, larutan CaCl2, heat injury, perishable Diterima:4 Desember 2012; Disetujui:28 Maret 201
Penggunaan Teknologi Perontokan untuk Menekan Susut dan Mempertahankan Kualitas Gabah
No full textPaddy (Oryza sativa) is a plant producing rice as a staple food of Indonesian people. Efforts to increaserice production is done not only through the extention of the rice areas, but also to minimize postharvestlosses. This study aims to assess the use of thresher technology on postharvest losses of paddy. Threshingof paddy is done by three methods: (1) manually or “gebot”, (2) using pedal threshers, and (3) using powerthreshers. The results showed that the use of power thresher able to reduce paddy losses from 3,31 to4,35 % (for manual threshing or gebot) to be 0,49 to 1,21 %. The use of power thresher also reduces thepercentage of grain cracking from 7,1 % to be 4,1 % by threshing manually. Threshing capacity using powerthresher from 708.0 to 773.0 kg/h, while using the pedal thresher 84.96 to 113.00 kg/h and manual thresherresulting only 54.69 to 62.22 kg/h.Keywords: paddy, power thresher, pedal thresher, manual thresher, postharvest lossesDiterima: 15 Juni 2009; Disetujui: 29 September 200
Kajian Pengaruh Konfigurasi Mesin Penggilingan terhadap Rendemen dan Susut Giling beberapa Varietas Padi
No full textRice is the staple food for Indonesian people so that the rice supply will be the barometer for thenational’s food security. In rice production, both of postharvest losses and low milling yield are still theproblems due to lack of postharvest handling. In this study, the effect of rice milling machine configurationon the milling yield and quality of some paddy varieties was examined. Paddy variety of Ciherang, Cibogoand Hybrid were milled using a configuration process of: 1) two husking and two polishing (2H-2P), 2) onehusking, one separating and one polishing (H-S-P), and 3) one husking, two separating and two polishing(H-2S-2P). The results show that the paddy varieties significanly affect milling yield and losses. However,rice milling machine configurations are not significantly affect the milling yield and losses. Paddy variety ofCibogo resulting in the highest milling yield (67.80 %) compared to Ciherang (62.61 %) and Hibrida (60.78%). Paddy variety of Cibogo resulting in the lowest losses (1.41 %) compared to Ciherang (3.43 %) andHibrida (3.03 %). The speed of milling process for configuration of 2H-2P, H-S-P and H-2S-2P were 228.1kg/hour, 295.6 kg/h and 263.2 kg/hr respectively.Keywords: paddy, rice milling configuration, milling lossess, milling yieldDiterima: 30 Juni 2009; Disetujui: 19 Oktober 200
Identifikasi Kekritisan Komponen Pada Lini Produksi Pabrik Gula Tebu Menggunakan Metode Equipment Criticality Rating
Get PDFAbstract ECR is one of Maintenance Performance Index (MPI)’s criteria in The System of Eco Maintenance (SEM) proposed for sugarcane fabrication. The SEM is a maintenance system that concerns to energy conservation issue in sugarcane fabrication. Reduction of energy consumption can affect the reduction of pollutant produced by sugarcane fabrication process. MPI and EPI (Environment Performance Index) are Operational Performance Index (OPI)’s components that calculated by SEM. The OPI will be used for selecting a proper strategy for revitalization of sugarcane factory. ECR uses a pairwise comparison assesment based on experts interview and judgement. Then, it will be calculated by Expert Choice software. The weight of ECR’s criteria will be multiplied by criteria value from data processing result in SEM software. The results show that the highest value of ECR is of 41.52 for Mill and Boiler station and the lowest result is of 8.83 for Drying and Packaging station. Finally the value of ECR will be classified into very critical (ECR1), critical (ECR2), less critical (ECR3) and non critical (ECR4), to determine the level of station’s criticality. keywords: ECR, eco maintenance, sugarcaneAbstrak ECR adalah salah satu dari kriteria Indeks Kinerja Perawatan (MPI) dalam Sistem Eco Maintenance (SEM) yang diusulkan untuk pengolahan gula tebu. SEM adalah suatu sistem perawatan yang peduli terhadap isu konservasi energi dalam pengolahan gula tebu. Pengurangan konsumsi energi dapat berpengaruh terhadap pengurangan polutan yang dihasilkan oleh proses pengolahan gula tebu. MPI dan EPI (Indeks Kinerja Lingkungan) adalah komponen-komponen dari Indeks Kinerja Operasional (OPI) yang dihitung oleh SEM. OPI akan digunakan untuk menyeleksi strategi yang tepat bagi revitalisasi pabrik pengolah gula tebu. ECR menggunakan penilaian pembandingan berpasangan berbasis pada wawancara dan penilaian pakar. Kemudian, penilaian tersebut akan dihitung oleh piranti lunak Expert Choice. Bobot dari kriteria ECR akan dikalikan dengan nilai kriteria dari hasil pemrosesan data dalam piranti lunak SEM. Hasilnya memperlihatkan bahwa nilai tertinggi dari ECR adalah 41.52 untuk stasiun Gilingan dan Ketel Uap dan hasil terendah adalah 8.83 untuk stasiun Pengeringan dan Pengepakan. Pada akhirnya nilai ECR akan diklasifikasikan menjadi sangat kritis (ECR1), kritis (ECR2), kurang kritis (ECR3) dan tidak kritis (ECR4), untuk menggambarkan tingkat dari kekritisan stasiun. Kata Kunci: ECR, Eco Pemeliharaan, TebuDiterima:26 November 2010 ; Disetujui:30 Maret 2011
Kajian Penanganan Bahan dan Metode Pengeringan terhadap Mutu Biji dan Minyak Jarak Pagar (Jatropha curcas L.)
Get PDFABSTRACT Energy is consumed in many sectors such as industry, transportation, and household. Most of the source of energy nowadays are obtained from fosil, which is predicted available for less than 10-15 upcoming years, and should be replaced by renewable energy. One of potential renewable energy to considered is Jatropha, a plant with seeds containing oil that can be processed into biodiesel. As a part of plant, fruit of Jatropha should be treated properly after harvest to maintain its oil in the seeds, so that good physical and chemical properties of the oil extracted from the seed can be obtained. This research is aim to develop method of handling of the harvested Jatropha fruits, including its drying, to maintain quality of the seeds and oil resulted from extraction. Different combinations of preparation (fresh, seed and steamed seed) and drying (temperature of 50, 60, 70 oC and natural sun drying), have been investigated. The results showed that the best treatment was seed drying at 70 oC with the drying time of 4.83 hour, oil rate of 40.06%, and oil yield of 28.59%. Quality of the seeds which fulfilled Standard National Indonesia (SNI) 01-1677-1989 were broken seed (0.57%), cracked seed (0.20 %), foreign object (0%), moisture content (6.08%). However, the highest oil extraction (40.06%) was not satisfy SNI 01-1677-1989. This case, quality of castor oil which qualified SNI 01-1904-1990 were oil moisture content (0.23%) and acid value (0.33 mg KOH/g), but refractive index (1.6209), iod number (54.31) and saponification number (67.30) were unqualified. Keywords : Jatropha, drying, seed, castor oil ABSTRAK Energi digunakan pada berbagai sektor seperti industri, transportasi dan rumah tangga. Sebagian besar sumber energi saat ini diperoleh darifosil, yang diperkirakan tersedia untuk kurang dari 10-15 tahun mendatang, dan harus digantikan oleh energi terbarukan. Salah satu energi terbarukan yang potensial untuk dipertimbangkan adalah jarak pagar, tanaman dengan biji yang mengandung minyak yang dapat diolah menjadi biodiesel. Sebagai bagian dari tanaman, buah Jatropha harus diperlakukan dengan baik setelah panen untuk mempertahankan minyakdalam biji, sehingga diperoleh hasil ekstraksi minyak dengan mutu fisik dan kimia yang baik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan metode penanganan panen dari buah Jatropha, termasuk pengeringan, untuk mempertahankan kualitas biji dan minyak hasil ekstraksi. Kombinasi yang berbeda mulai dari penanganan bahan (buah segar, biji dan biji hasil pengukusan) dan proses pengeringan (suhu 50, 60, 70oC dan pengeringan matahari alami), telah diteliti. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan terbaik adalah biji yang dikeringkan pada suhu 70oC dengan waktu pengeringan tercepat (4.83jam), kadar minyak 40.06%, serta rendemen minyak tertinggi (28.59%). Mutu biji telah memenuhi Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI) 01-1677-1989 diantaranya biji rusak (0.57%), bijipecah(0.20%), benda asing(0%), kadar air(6.08%). Akan tetapi kadar minyak (40.06%) yang merupakan kadar minyak tertinggi dari semua perlakuan ini masih belum memenuhi SNI01-1677-1989. Sedangkan mutu minyak yang memenuhi SNI01-1904-1990adalah kadar air minyak(0.23%) dan bilangan asam(0.33 mgKOH/g) dan yang tidak memenuhi adalah rata-rata indeks bias(1.6209), bilangan iod(54.31) dan bilangan penyabunan(67.30). Kata kunci: Jatropha, pengeringan, biji, minyak jara
Effect of Heat Shock Treatment and Aloe Vera Coating on Chilling Injury Symptom in Tomato (Lycoperiscon asculantum Mill)
No full textAbstractThis research was undertaken to determine the effect of length in heat shock and edible coating as prestorage treatment on Chilling Injury (CI) symptom reflected by ion leakage induced and quality properties in tomato (Lycopersicon asculantum Mill.). Heat Shock Treatment (HST) was conducted at three different levels of length, which were, 20, 40 and 60 min. Edible coating was conducted using aloe vera gel. The result showed that HST and Aloe Vera Coating (AVC) were more effective to reduce CI symptom at lower chilling storage. Prolong exposure to heated water may delay climacteric peak. The length of heat shock; AVC treatment and low temperature storage significantly affected the tomato quality parameter but not significantly different for each treatment except weight loss. HST for 20 min at ambient temperature was significantly different to other treatment.Keywords: ion leakage, chilling injury, climacteric, shelf-lifeDiterima: 2 Desember 2009; Disetujui: 22 Maret 201
Study on Disinfestation of Fruit Fly (Bactrocera dorsalis) Using Vapor Heat Treatment on Gedong Gincu Mango
No full textSince the prohibition of chemical method for insect disinfestations processes such as ethylene dibromide in 1984, heat treatment method was developed as quarantine technology. One of the heat treatment methods is vapor heat treatment (VHT). The objectives of this research were to study mortality of fruit fly (Bactrocera dorsalis) and to study the responses of VHT on quality of gedong gincu mango. Fruit fly mortality due to heat has been investigated by immersing fruit fly eggs into heated water at temperatures of 40, 43, 46 and 49OC for 30 minutes immersed, also at temperature of 46OC for 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 minutes. Gedong gincu mangoes were treated at temperature 46.5OC for 0, 10, 20, and 30 minutes. The results showed that mortality has been achieved 100% at temperature more than and equal to 43OC for 30 minutes and attemperature 46OC for more than and equal to 10 minutes. The VHT has significantly and fungi population although without adversely affecting to the fruit quality and there were no significant change in the fruit weight loss, hardness, color, soluble solid content, water content, vitamin C and organoleptic test. VHT at temperature 46.5OC for 20 up to 30 minutes were effective to kill fruit flies inside mangoes and were able tomaintaining mango quality during storage.Keywords : mango, fruit fly, disinfestations, vapor heat treatmentDiterima: 24 Maret 2008; Disetujui: 22 Oktober 200
Metode Pembuatan Guludan Secara Mekanis denganTenaga Penggerak Traktor Dua Roda untuk Budidaya Tanaman Sayuran
No full textThe objective of this study was to determine the best tillage method for making planting beds forvegetables cultivation using a two-wheel type tractor. Five tillage methods using a two-wheel type tractorwith its equipments were tested and evaluated in this study. The methods which were tested were: 1)plowing using a reversible type plow, followed by ridging using a ridger and finished by harrowing using arotary tiller (B-F-G 1 method) ; 2) plowing, followed by harrowing and finished by ridging (B-G-F method);3) plowing, followed by harrowing followed by ridging and finished by 2nd harrowing (B-G-F-G method); 4)plowing, followed by 40 cm width of harrowing and finished by ridging (B-G-F 2 method); and 5) plowing,followed by 40 cm width of harrowing and finished by ridging with 40 cm tractor wheel-base (B-G-F 3method). The experiments were conducted on several plots of dry land. The results of the experimentsshowed that the B-G-F 3 method produced the best planting bed form, an appropriate bed size and abetter soil condition for vegetables cultivation. The field capacity of this method was 74 m2/hour and wasthe highest capacity among the five methods.Keywords: planting bed, two wheel tractor, tillage, vegetable cultivationDiterima: 9 Desember 2008; Disetujui: 20 Maret 200