Journal of Agromedicine and Medical Sciences
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Case Report: Management of Chronic Supurative Otitis Media Cholesteatoma Type with Recurrent Brain Abscess Complication
No full textIntroduction: Chronic suppurative otitis media is broadly defined as chronic inflammation that involved mucose of middle ear and mastoid air cells. The most commonly encountered intracranial complication from chronic suppurative otitis media is meningitis followed by brain abscess. Antibiotics are quite effective in early and late cerebritis stage. Surgical intervention is essential once the abscess’s capsule is formed. Case Report: Reported a case of a 22-year-old male diagnosed with chronic suppurative otitis media auris dextra suspected cholesteatoma type with cerebral abscess complications. The managements are cerebral abscess drainage followed by canal wall down mastoidectomy. In patient, Recurrent cerebral abscess formed. Conclusion: Chronic suppurative otitis media with complications of cerebral abscess is treated with abscess drainage if the abscess size is >2cm and followed by canal wall down mastoidectomy. Otogenic brain abscess due to chronic suppurative otitis media can occur repeatedly if abscess antibiotic therapy was/were inadequate
Keywords: otogenic brain abscess, mastoidectomy, chronic suppurative otitis media, abscess drainag
Symptoms Improvement of Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis: A Case Report
Full text linkCerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVT) is a rare cause of stroke, a life-threatening disorder that occurs in approximately 0,5-1% of all stroke incidents. Various clinical presentations, risk factors, and neuroimaging findings of this disease may cause a delay in the early diagnosis and treatment of CVT. We discuss a case of a 34-year-old female who was admitted to the emergency room (ER) with the onset of a generalized tonic-clonic seizure with a progressive headache in the occipitotemporal region. Based on head CT, there was multiple hyperdense and cerebral venous infarction in the posterior left parietal lobe. D-dimer evaluation, there was an increasing level of D-dimer (>10.000 ng/mL). The patient was treated with the primary therapy heparin. After 15 days of being hospitalized, the patient was discharged without any sequelae.
Keywords: CVT, heparin, strok
Potential of Orchids Secondary Metabolites as Anti-Cancer and Antimicrobial Based on Prediction of Phytochemical Activity with Online PASS-Software
No full textAbstract
Orchidology is part of the branch of botany, it deals with a large family of monocotyledonous plants, Orchidaceae. Orchids have been used as traditional herbal medicines in Indonesia which are believed to be antimicrobial and anti-cancer. Orchids are able to produce secondary metabolites as their protective agent due to the extreme environment. Orchids have great diversity and potential to be the object of research, not only in experimental studies but also in a computational studies like in silico. Nowadays, molecular or metabolite data are available on the official-standard website as an international database. This study was conducted by analyzing web-based data to provide information about the potential of orchids that have been trusted as herbal medicines. In this study, secondary metabolite from Vanilla spp., Dendrobium spp., and Vanda spp., were selected in the existing literature as antimicrobial and anti-cancer drugs. Secondary metabolites obtained from the KNApSAck-3D core system and Phytochemical and Prediction of Substance Activity Spectrum (PASS) were performed to determine the potential anti-cancer and antimicrobial activity. Based on in silico analysis through PASS online, the secondary metabolites of orchids that have potential as antimicrobials in this study were Dendroside E and Dendromonilised D from Dendrobium also Parviflorin, Licoisoflavone and Luteine ​​extracted from Vanda spp. The secondary metabolite of Vanilla planifolia which has potential as anti-cancer for further research is 4-Hydroxybenzoic acid as a Chlordecone reductase inhibitor extracted from shoots.
Keywords: orchid, antimicrobial, anticancer, secondary metabolite, PASS onlin
In silico Test Proteolytic Potential of Papain and Zingibain Enzymes Against Protein Forming Congenital and Senilis Cataracts
Full text linkAbstract
Phacoemulsification is cataract therapy’s gold standard with lowest complication rate and best visual outcome. However, phacoemulsification is expensive and difficult to use widely. Pathogenesis of cataract related to Crystalline P23T γD protein in congenital cataracts and β-amyloid protein in senile cataract. Papain enzymes and zingibain enzymes are cataract’s alternatives therapy with proteolytic effects that potentially lyse these proteins. Proteolytic injection with 30-gauge needle results in small, safe incision. Papain enzyme from Carica Papaya plant and zingibain enzyme from Zingiber Officinale plant which grows plentifully in Indonesia that becomes cheap source of proteolytic. This study’s purpose is to compare probability of binding energy based on Binding Interaction Model (BIM) between papain and zingibain enzymes against Crystalline P23T γD protein and β-amyloid protein with molecular docking. This research uses https://cluspro.bu.edu./login.php. BIM with lowest binding energy has most stable bond. Docking results show interaction probability between papain enzyme and Crystalline P23T γD protein has lowest binding energy of -730.4 kJ/mol at BIM 1. Probability of interaction between papain enzyme and β-amyloid protein has lowest binding energy of -697.2 kJ/mol at BIM 1. Probability of interaction between the enzyme zingibain and the crystalline P23T protein γD has lowest binding energy of -890.5 kJ/mol at BIM 2. Probability of interaction between the enzyme zingibain and the β-amyloid protein has lowest binding energy of -873.5 kJ/mol at BIM 0. It was concluded that the zingibain enzyme has the most stable probability of forming a stable bond to Crystalline P23T γD protein and β-amyloid protein.
Keyword:In silico, papain, zingibain, catarac
High Degree of Parasitemia Induces Placental Hypoxia and Low Birth Weight
No full textPlacental malaria causes low fetal weight associated with infiltration of monocytes and parasites in the placenta resulting in placental hypoxia. Hypoxia is characterized by HIF expression. HIF-1α expression responds early to the occurrence of hypoxia (<24 hours) and HIF-2α promotes chronic hypoxia (>24 hours). There were two groups in this study, namely the control group (10 pregnant mice without Plasmodium berghei infection) and the treatment group (10 pregnant mice infected with Plasmodium berghei). Pregnant mice were operated on on the 18th day after mating. The degree of parasitemia was measured by Giemsa staining. Expression of HIF-1α and HIF-2α in placental tissue was measured by immunohistochemistry. Results by paired t test, HIF-1α expression in the placental tissue in the treatment group was higher than the control group (p=0.02), HIF-2α expression in the placental tissue was higher in the treatment group than in the control group (0, 01) the fetal weight in the treatment group was lower than in the control group (p=0.01). By using SEM analysis, the degree of parasitemia caused high expression of HIF-1α in placental tissue (tcount = 4.625, ttable = 1.96). High expression of HIF-2α in placental tissue (tcount = 2.672 ttable = 1.96). The degree of parasitemia causes low fetal weight (tcount = 27.764 ttable = 1.96). The results also showed that HIF-1 caused low birth weight (tcount = 2.376 ttable=1.96) also HIF-2α caused low fetal weight (tcount = 4.267 ≥ 1.96). Conclusions the degree of parasitemia causes high expression of HIF-1α and HIF-2α in placental tissue and low birth fetuses. Expression of HIF-1α and HIF-2 also causes low birth weight.
Keywords: malaria in pregnancy, degree of parasitemia, HIF-1α , HIF-2α , birth weigh
The Effect of Shallot Peel Ethanol Extract in Reducing Kidney MDA Levels in Diazinon-induced Wistar Rats
No full textDiazinon is an organophosphate pesticide often used by farmer. The residue of diazinon may contaminate agricultural products and if accidentally consumed in a long term, may potentially led to health problems such as kidney disorders. Shallot (Allium cepa) peel was recently proposed to help recover the kidney damage due to its high flavonoid antioxidant content. This study aims to determine the antioxidant effect of shallot peel extract in reducing oxidative stress caused by diazinon with malondialdehyde (MDA) level indicator on the kidney of Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus). This research was a true experimental with an in-vivo posttest-only control group design. The 28 rats were divided using a simple random sampling technique. The groups were the control group (K0), the diazinon group (K1), SPEE (Shallot Peel Ethanol Extract) groups which are P1 (300 mg/kg BW), P2 (600 mg/kg BW), P3 (900 mg/kg BW), P4 (1200 mg/kg BW) and P5 (2400 mg/kg BW). At the end of the study, the MDA kidney levels was analysed using the TBARS method. Effective doses were found in 600 mg/kg BW/day, 900 mg/kg BW/day, 1200 mg/kg BW/day, and 2400 mg/kg BW/day. The optimal dose of shallot peel extract in this study was 600 mg/kg BW/day. This study showed the effectiveness of shallot peel extract in reducing kidney MDA levels in diazinon-induced Wistar rats.
Keywords: shallot peel, diazinon, kidney MDA leve
Low Oxygen Tension Inhibits Senescence in Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells (BMSCs)
Full text linkBackground: Stem cells have been used in regenerative medicine but are so few in the body that they require cell culture. Stem cell culture was performed under normal oxygen tension and passage was carried out until the number of cells was sufficient for therapy. Stem cell cultures under normal oxygen tension do not match the stem cell microenvironment, which can lead to premature senescence. This study aims to determine the association of low oxygen tension with premature senescence of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) through inhibition of p21 expression by HIF-1a. Methode: The research method used rabbit bone marrow in New Zealand as a source of MSCs. The results of isolation of MSCs were divided into two groups for cultured on normal and low oxygen tension until 10 passages. Cells were identified using flowcytometry for cd105 and cd34. At early and late passage, the expression of p21 and HIF-1a was examined using immunofluorescence while senescence was examined using β-galactosidase assay. Results: The results showed that in low oxygen cultures HIF-1a expression increased significantly (p <0.05) while p21 expression decreased significantly (p <0.05) as did the β-galactosidase assay. Conclusions: The conclusion of this research is low oxygen tension culture able to decrease premature senescence culture of invitro stem cells mesenchymal through obstacles p21 by HIF-1a.
Keywords: p21 expression, HIF-1a expression, late passage, premature senescence
Comparison of Student Anxiety Levels in Facing CBT Exams Based on Gender
Full text linkAnxiety is assumed to be an unclear feeling, which causes worry, fear of everything that does not necessarily happen. This anxiety has a psychological impact on a person including it can affect learning achievement. Various studies related to anxiety theory state that gender affects the level of anxiety. Women are considered more prone to anxiety than men. In this study, researchers measured men's anxiety degrees compared to women when taking computer-based tests (CBT) during the pandemic. Exams with this method are suspected to be one of the triggers for anxiety in medical students. The purpose of this study was to compare the level of anxiety of students and female students in facing CBT at Wijaya Kusuma University Surabaya during the pandemic. This study used a cross-sectional approach with a total sampling technique. The total number of respondents was 60 people, 16 men and 44 women. Respondents' anxiety degrees were measured by a measurement scale of depression, anxiety, and stress or what is known as the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale 21 (DASS-21). The results showed that 12.5% of men and 31.8% of women were in the heavy and very heavy group. The conclusion of this study is that the level of anxiety of women is higher than those men.
Keywords: anxiety levels, medical students, gender, computer based test exa
The Size of Tympanic Membrane Perforation Area Positively Correlates with The Hearing Threshold of Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media Patient
Full text linkChronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) or what is known as congek by the local communities, is an ear disease that often occurs in developing countries. Chronic middle ear infection is accompanied by perforation of the tympanic membrane and fluid in the form of watery, clear, thick, even pus that comes out continuously or occurs for 2 months or more. The purpose of this riset was to analyze the relationship between the area of tympanic membrane perforation and hearing threshold value of CSOM patients at RSU Kaliwates Jember. This research is an observational analytic study with a cross sectional approach using secondary data recorded in the medical records of Kaliwates Hospital for 2019-2020. Data analysis using IBM SPSS Pearson test. This study used 15 ears from 12 CSOM patients obtained by a total sampling methode according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. From the analysis, it was found that there was a positive relationship between the area of the tympanic membrane perforation and hearing threshold value (p-value = 0.004) and had a strong degree of correlation (correlation coefficient value was 0.654)