Journal of Agromedicine and Medical Sciences
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Hygiene Related Risk Factors for Giardia Infection in Sukowono District, Jember, Indonesia
Full text linkGiardia spp. is a common cause of diarrhoeal disease in humans and is also known as a zoonotic agent in humans and animals. There are three risk factors of zoonotic Giardia, the first is individual characteristics, the second is hygiene, and the last is environmental. This study aimed to analyze the hygiene related risk factors for Giardia infection in Sukowono District, Jember. The research design was a cross-sectional study with 52 subjects from Sukowono District, Jember. The study was carried out from December 2020 to April 2021. The sampling method used purposive sampling is a non-probability sample and chi-square test for data analysis. Data was analyzed using SPSS statistics programme. P value < 0,05 was considered statistically significant.The result of microscopic examination of 52 fecal samples found 1.9% of the subjects were infected with Giardia spp. There was no association between hygiene behavior factors with Giardia spp. in Sukowono District, Jember (p>0.05). Data suggest that risk factors may not contribute to Giardia spp. infection. Based on these findings, need to do further research about hygiene related risk factors for Giardia spp. infection in Jember especially Sukowono District.
Keywords: Hygiene factor, Giardia infection, zoonosi
Atrial Fibrillation Detected After Acute Ischemic Stroke: Review of the Risk Factors of Two Case Reports
Full text linkAtrial fibrillation (AF) increases 4-5 times incidence of cardiac embolic stroke. In contrast, as many as 70% of AF cases can be detected in stroke within three days of onset, and this can affect the patient's prognosis. This case report describes the causal pathophysiology of AF and acute stroke and identifies the associated risk factors. Case 1 is a 44-year-old woman, acute stroke with acute decrease level of consciousness. The patient came with status epilepticus and a hypertensive emergency. Obtained a history of stroke, uncontrolled hypertension, and myocardial infarction. Initial Score National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) was 33 and CHA2DS2-VASc was 5. Investigation non-contrast head Computed Tomography (CT) scan showed no bleeding and echocardiography (ECG) showed AF with rapid ventricular response. The patient died after 3 days of treatment. Case 2 is an 83-year-old woman, acute stroke with acute decrease level of consciousness and right motor lateralization. There was a history of hypertension and stroke with left hemiparesis. The initial NIHSS was 28 and CHA2DS2-VASc was 6. Investigations non-contrast head CT scan showed no bleeding and ECG showed AF with normal ventricular response. The patient was discharged from the hospital after being treated for 22 days with NIHSS of 20. Several risk factors for post-stroke AF are elderly, hypertension, subtype of ischemic stroke, prior stroke, and comorbidities such as DM and hypertension. Post-stroke AF can occur because of changes in heart rhythm through autonomic disorders, increased plasma catecholamine levels, and inflammatory reactions. Early Recognition of risk factors, focusing on patients at higher risk of AF detected after stroke becomes important for comprehensive management of stroke with AF.
Keywords: acute ischemic stroke, atrial fibrillation, CHA2DS2-VASc score, risk factors
The Correlation between Personal Hygiene of Greengrocer and Coliform Bacteria Contamination in Lettuce in Jember Traditional Markets
Full text linkLettuce is a vegetable that is usually consumed in raw condition or unprocessed by people. Unprocessed vegetables can cause food-borne diseases. Lettuce that is not processed and being consumed directly can cause contamination by Coliform bacteria. The purpose of this study is to know the correlation between Greengrocer’s personal hygiene and Coliform bacteria contamination in lettuce in Jembertraditional markets. This research used a descriptive observational design with the cross-sectional approach. It took place in eight traditional markets in Jember Regency and Microbiology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Jember. The samples used were 41 lettuces purchased from 41 traditional market sellers. The microbiological examination was performed in the laboratory using the most probable number method. The results showed that lettuce sellers had bad personal hygiene (92,7%) and the data from the most probable number test found 97,6% contaminated by Coliform bacteria. The bivariate analysis was used to know the relationship between personal hygiene vegetable seller and contamination Coliform bacteria in lettuce. Thep-value was 0,072, which means there was no relationship between personal hygiene vegetable seller and contamination Coliform bacteria in lettuce.
Keywords: lettuce, Coliform, contamination, personal hygien
Wound Healing Activity of Galam Flower (Melaleuca Cajuputi Subsp. Cumingiana (Turcz.) Barlow) Methanol Extract Wistar Rats
Full text linkWound is an incontinence condition of skin or mucosal epithelial tissue due to physical or thermal damage. One of the plants that has the potential as a wound healer is gelam (Melaleuca sp). Gelam flower methanol extract has antibacterial activity with a minimum inhibitory level of 1.7 mg/mL. This study aimed to analyze the wound healing activity of gelam flower methanol extract (Melaleuca sp.) in Wistar strain rats that were initiated by the wound seen from the histology of the rat skin. This research uses posttest only method with control group design. Thirty male wistar rats were divided into five groups consisting of a positive control group, a negative control group, 1% gelam flower extract gel, 2% gelam flower extract gel, and 4% gelam flower extract gel. Based on histological data, the positive control treatment group and 4% gel treatment group gave the same results. Both indicate that the skin tissue has begun to connect. The conclusions the three gelam flower methanol extract gel formulas showed wound healing activity and the 4% gelam flower methanol extract gel (Melaleuca Sp.) gave the greatest wound healing activity.
Keyword: Melaleuca sp, antibacterial activity, wound initiated healin
Effective Dose of Moringa Leaf Extract (Moringa oleifera Lamk.) to Descrease Total Cholesterol Levels in Streptozotocin-Induced Male Wistar Rats
Full text linkLipid metabolic disorder in hyperlipidemia characterized by an increase in the entire lipid profile in the blood. In 2019, the global prevalence of hyperlipidemia was 64.2%. Many patients with diabetes mellitus developed to hyperlipidemia. Diabetes mellitus characterized by hyperglycemia that caused by insulin production defects or decreased insulin resistance. Hyperglycemia in this study resulted from the injection of a streptozotocin dose of 45mg/kgBB intraperitoneally. Hyperglycemia could induced hyperlipidemia. It is due to increased lipid synthesis resulting in overproduction of HMG-CoA and ROS. Moringa leaves contain active substances such as flavonoids and vitamin C that act as antioxidants. This study was conducted to find out the effective dose of moringa leaf extract to lower the total cholesterol levels of male Wistar rats induced by streptozotocin. The dose of moringa leaf extract was divided into 5 groups, namely 62.5 mg/kgBW, 125 mg/kgBW, 250 mg/kgBW, 500 mg/kgBW, and 1000 mg/kgBW. The analysis of the data in this study was a Pearson correlation test that showed p< 0.05. It demonstrated that administration of moringa leaf extract correlated with decreased cholesterol levels of male Wistar rats. The effective dose of moringa leaf extract was calculated using a linear regression test. The equation obtained from the regression test was y= 0.0739x + 153.59, so the dose of moringa leaf extract that effectively lowers the total cholesterol levels of male Wistar rats was 528.96 mg/kgBW.
Keywords: hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus, cholesterol, Moringa oleifera Lamk., streptozotoci
Risk Factors of Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting on General Anesthesia in RSUD Abdul Wahab Sjahranie Samarinda
Full text linkPostoperative Nausea and Vomiting (PONV) is the nauseous feeling within 24 hours after surgery. PONV increases the risk of fluid and electrolyte imbalance, re-opening of the surgical wound, and aspiration of gastric fluid. This study aimed to analyze the effect of postoperative opioid administration, duration of anesthesia, type of surgery, and BMI on the incidence of nausea and vomiting after surgery under general anesthesia, at Abdul Wahab Sjahranie Hospital, Samarinda. The research design employed in this research was a retrospective cohort study. The number of samples was 92 patients. The results of the analysis showed an increased risk of PONV in underweight – normal BMI patients (1.45 times higher risk; p=0.035), patients who received postoperative opioids (1.64 times higher risk; p=0.005), patients who underwent surgery that was potentially stimulating the vagus nerve (1.52 times riskier; p=0.02), and patients with anesthetic duration of more than 2 hours (1.93 times greater risk; p=0.007). Therefore, it could be concluded that BMI, postoperative opioid use, type of surgery, and duration of anesthesia influenced PONV incident on the use of general anesthesia at RSUD Abdul Wahab Sjahranie, Samarinda.
Keywords: postoperative nausea and vomiting, BMI, opioid after surgery, type of surgery, anesthesia duratio
Effectiveness of Kenikir (Cosmos caudatus Kunth.) Leaf Extract on Duodenal Epithelial Damage of Aspirin Induced Male White Rats (Rattus norvegicus)
No full textAspirin or acetylsalicylic acid is one of the most common types of anti-inflammatory drugs used by people to relieve pain and inflammation. However, aspirin consumption can cause damage to the duodenal mucosal epithelium because it is acidic and inhibits the production of prostaglandins that are important in maintaining the mucosa. Duodenal damage due to aspirin consumption can be repaired using natural ingredients from plants with antioxidant and anti-ulcer effects, one of which is kenikir (Cosmos caudatus Kunth.) leaves. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of kenikir leaf extract against aspirin-induced histopathology and histomorphometry of the duodenum of male white rats. The research design used a completely randomized design (CRD) with 5 treatments and 5 replications. The treatments consisted of a normal group (feed and drink ad libitum), an aspirin group (induction of aspirin 200 mg/kgBW), and a treatment group with kenikir leaf extract at a dose of 700 mg/kgBW, 800 mg/kgBW, and 900 mg/kgBW. Preparation of histopathological preparations of the duodenum used the paraffin method with Hematoxylin-Eosin staining. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Duncan's follow-up test. The results of the histopathology study showed a significant difference (p<0.05) on the integrity score of duodenal mucosal epithelial cells. Histomorphometry had a significant effect on the height villi, basal width, apical width, and villous area (p<0.05). It can be concluded that administration of kenikir leaf extract at a dose of 900 mg/kgBW was most effective in improving the histopathology and duodenal histomorphometry of aspirin-induced male white rats.
Keywords: aspirin, duodenum, kenikir (Cosmos caudatus Kunth.
