Journal of Agromedicine and Medical Sciences
Not a member yet
297 research outputs found
Sort by
Toxicity of Ceremai (Phyllanthus Acidus) and Zodia (Evodia Suaveolens) Leaf Extracts on Mortality of Aedes Aegypti Larvae
Full text linkAedes aegypti is the vector that carries Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF). Various strategies have been implemented to control the spread of the Aedes aegypti, one of which is using temephos larvicide. The use of temephos causes Aedes aegypti resistance and environmental pollution. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a bio-larvicide using ceremai leaf (Phyllanthus acidus) and zodia leaf (Evodia suaveolens). This study aimed to determine the toxicity of ceremai leaf and zodia leaf extracts on the mortality of Aedes aegypti larvae. This type of research is a pure experiment using a Completely Randomized Design. The research sample was third instar Aedes aegypti larvae. There were 7 groups consisting of 1 negative control (aquadest and tween20), 1 positive control (temephos 0.008%) and 5 treatment groups (ceremai leaf extract and zodia leaf extract). Larval mortality data were observed after 24 hours of exposure. The results of the Kruskal Wallis test showed that there was a difference in mortality between groups with a value of p : 0.020 (p < 0.05). Zodia leaf extract at 0.2% has the highest toxicity to the mortality of Aedes aegypti larvae. The probit test results of zodia leaf extract showed LC50 and LC90 values of 0.075% and 0.121% within 24 hours of exposure. Zodia leaf ethanol extract has effectiveness as larvicide of Aedes aegypti.
Keywords: Aedes aegypti, larvicide, extract, ceremai, zodi
Effect of Andaliman Fruit Extract (Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC.) on The Liver of Tartrazine Induced Rat (Rattus norvegicus L.)
Full text linkEffect of tartrazine as synthetic food coloring that is consumed for long time has a toxic effect by free radicals in large quantities creating an imbalance in body and triggering disturbances, namely liver function. Free radicals can be minimized with antioxidants so they can reduce free radicals in body. Antioxidants can be found in all types of plants, one of which is Andaliman fruit. The purpose of this study was to determine effect ethanol extract of Andaliman fruit on SGOT-SGPT levels and histology of tartrazine-induced white rats. The research design used 25 white rats with 5 treatments and 5 replications for 30 days. Negative control group induced by 1% CMC, positive control induced by tartrazine 15 mg/kg BW, treatment groups 1, 2, 3 induced by tartrazine 15 mg/kg BW and ethanol extract andaliman fruit 150 mg/kg BW, 300 mg/kg BW, and 450 mg/kg BW. The stages in this study were screening for phytochemicals, total flavonoids and antioxidant activity as well as measurement of SGOT-SGPT levels and observation of liver histology. Data were analyzed using one way Anova and Duncan's further test. Results showed that phytochemical screening of Andaliman fruit extract contained flavonoids, terpenoids, steroids and tannins. Total flavonoid content in extract was 7.8163 mgQE/g extract. And level antioxidant activity in the extract has an IC50 value of 102.35 ppm. The results of this study also showed that the extract had an effect on decreasing levels of SGOT-SGPT and could minimize liver histological damage after being induced by tartrazine.
Keywords: Andaliman, tartrazine, SGOT-SGPT, liver histolog
Correlation between Zinc Intake and Height of Children Aged 6-59 Months in Jelbuk and Sumberjambe Districts
Full text linkStunting is a nutritional problem that people around the world are facing. The World Health Organization (WHO) has determined Indonesia as one of the five stunting prevalence subregions in the Southeast Asia region. Zinc includes micro-nutrients that are important for the growth and development of children. The prevalence of zinc deficiency in children in Indonesia in 2006 was 36.1%. This study aims to determine the relationship between zinc intake and the length/height of children aged 6-59 months in the Districts of Jelbuk and Sumberjambe. This research is an analytic observational study with a cross-sectional design. The sample used was 119, derived from secondary data from previous studies. Zinc intake in children was obtained through 24-hour food recall data and then analyzed using nutrisurvey software, while body length/height is the maximum distance from the vertex to the soles of the feet. The study results were that 57.2% of the samples had insufficient zinc intake, with an average daily intake of 4.37 ± 2.35 mg, and as many as 60.5% had TB below normal. The data analysis showed a significant relationship between zinc intake and the length/height of children aged 6-59 months (p=0.001), with a reasonably strong relationship (r=0.295). This study concludes that there is a relationship between zinc intake and the length/height of children aged 6-59 months in the Jelbuk and Sumberjambe Districts.
Keywords: Zinc, Stunted, Stuntin
Successful Treatment of Severe Generalized Tetanus with Refractory Spasm and Pneumonia Co-Infection: a Case Report
No full textBackground: Tetanus is a high mortality rate infectious disease caused by Clostridium tetani. Although it can be prevented through vaccination, tetanus remains a significant problem, especially in developing countries, so comprehensive management is needed to prevent more fatal complications. Case report: A 52-year-old patient was diagnosed with tetanus due to exposure to tree thorns and experienced muscle spasms and jaw stiffness that could not be controlled with benzodiazepine agents alone. The patient was treated for more than 30 days in the intensive care unit with mechanical ventilation, immunoglobulin, antibiotics, antispasms, and sedatives. Patients experience autonomic dysfunction, causing bradycardia, tachycardia, and fluctuating blood pressure. In addition, the patient was also infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia during the treatment period. Finally, the patient was successfully treated and removed. Conclusion: This case report highlights the importance of multidisciplinary ICU care in diagnosis and therapy, which is expected to provide the best patient outcomes.
Keywords: Generalized tetanus; refractory spasms; pneumonia; neuroinfectious diseas
Generalized Peritonitis due to Multiple Perforation and Necrotic of Ileum : a Case Report
Full text linkPeritonitis is a life-threatening condition with a mortality rate according to WHO of 5.9 million per year. We report the case of an elderly man who complained of severe pain in the entire abdominal region and the results of a plain abdominal radiograph showed peritonitis and obstructive ileus. Exploratory laparotomy and ileal resection were performed, and multiple ileal perforations, 120 cm of necrotic ileum and grade IV adhesions were found. There was post-surgical complications of sepsis and the patient died on the seventh post-operative day. Histopathological examination shows images that was not contributory to the diagnosis. There were no features of malignancy or tendency to a specific infection. Non-specific small bowel perforation can be considered as the etiology of peritonitis because there are no specific pathopneumonic characteristics. Diagnostic and management of surgical emergencies plays a very important role in patient prognosis.
Keywords: generalized peritonitis;small bowel perforation;obstructive ileus
Determinant Analysis of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome and Phalen’s Test Examination of Tobacco Sorting Workers at Jember District
No full textTobacco sorting officers in Jember Regency are still sorting tobacco leaves manually using hand muscles which can cause Musculo Skeletal Disorders (MSDs) complaints.One of the MSDs registered at the International Labor Organization (ILO) is Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS) which is a disorder resulting from compression of the median nerve in the carpal tunnel at the wrist with the main symptom being tingling, pain radiating to the fingers which can be accompanied by numbness, weakness. muscles, stiffness, and possible muscle atrophy. This study aims to determine the factors associated with CTS supported by Phalen's test. This research is expected to provide information to workers and the public regarding health problems that can be experienced by tobacco sorting workers as well as being a consideration for increasing health insurance for these workers. This research was conducted using a cross-sectional survey design at PTPN A and PT B, Jember Regency with a sample calculation using the Slovin formula and obtained 246 respondents.The data analysis technique used was univariate SPSS analysis of frequency distribution, bivariate Chi Square analysis and SEM PLS multivariate analysis. research results show that education had an effect on the symptom severity scale, age had an influence on the symptom severity scale, age had an effect on the functional status scale and age had an influence on the Phalen's test. Conclusion:Age is the dominant factor affecting the symptom severity scale, functional status scale and Phalen's test.
Keywords: CTS (Carpal Tunnel Syndrome), BCTQ (Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire), SSS (Symptom Severity Scale), FSS (Functional Status Scale), Phalen's Tes
Anticholinergic Syndrome Due to Cetirizine Overdose: Case Report
Full text linkAnticholinergic toxicity can be the result of antihistamines use. Anticholinergic toxicity is pretty rare in second-generation antihistamines such as cetirizine. Using cetirizine in unreasonable doses will cause side effects. We report cetirizine intoxication due to overdose. A girl, 16 years-old came in with chief complaint syncope at school after consuming 5-6 tablets of cetirizine. The patient was being sent to the primary health center and experienced vomiting. Other symptoms experienced when the patient is conscious, such as nausea, dizziness, and dry mouth. On physical examination, it was found that both of the patient's eyes were dry, with a heart rate of 105 beats per minute. We examined liver function and kidney function tests, which showed that BUN, serum creatinine, SGOT, and SGPT levels were within normal limits. Symptoms that arise due to antihistamine toxicity include vasodilation and redness of the skin, anhidrosis, lack of sweat production, hyperthermia, mydriasis, hallucinations, delirium, and urinary retention. Antihistamines are anticholinergics that work as antimuscarinics. The action of cetirizine on M1, M2, and M3 receptors affects clinical manifestations of the patients. Cetirizine can also induce hepatic and renal toxicity. Understanding the dosage and use of cetirizine is necessary to prevent unwanted events and side effects.
Keyword: cetirizine overdose, anticholinergic syndrom
In Silico Test Potential of Bromelain and Actinidin Enzymes as Proteolytic againts Cataract-forming Proteins
No full textA cataract is the development of an opacity within the lens that can cause blindness. Cataracts are caused by the aggregation of crystallin proteins, which are water-soluble proteins that make up 80% of all lens proteins. Crystallin protein aggregation can occur due to several mechanisms such as the formation of amyloid fibrils (associated with senile cataract) and P23T mutations (associated with congenital cataracts). Currently, surgery is the only cataract treatment available. Although it is the best treatment, surgery requires high cost and is not free from complications. Therefore, alternative treatments for cataracts are needed, such as the use of natural ingredients that have proteolytic properties. Pineapple contains bromelain and kiwi contains actinidin. Both enzymes are protease which destabilize and inhibit the formation of aggregates. So that those enzymes can potentially lyse the protein causes cataracts. To prove the potency of the enzymes, we consucted an insilico study using Cluspro docking online program. We investigate the binding energy of each enzymes with the amyloid fibril and P23T mutation. The results of Cluspro docking between Bromelain Enzyme and Actinidin Enzyme with P23T mutation protein respectively are -696.2 Kcal/mol and -750.8 Kcal/mol. The results of Cluspro docking between Bromelain Enzyme and Actinidin Enzyme with amyloid protein are -696.2 Kcal/mol and -750.8 Kcal/mol respectively. Therefore, bromelain enzyme had a better ability to bind to amyloid protein, while the actinidin enzyme had a better ability to bind to the P23T D-crystallin mutation protein.
Keywords: ClusPro, Molecular Docking, Bromelain, Actinidin, Cataract, SwissMode
Profiling and In Silico Study of Carica papaya Extract on Appetite Regulation
Full text linkCarica papaya is one of the plants known to increase appetite. 15% papaya leaf solution can increase appetite, but if given in 20% solution there is a weight loss effect. Papaya leaves contain papain, carpaine and various other compounds. The mechanisms that affect appetite regulation involve ghrelin, leptin, ARC, IL-1β and NPY. This study aims to determine the compound profile contained in papaya leaf extract and its effect on appetite regulation that has been analyzed with in silico methods. The method of determining the profiling of papaya leaf extract compounds using UPLC / MS and analyzed using watermaslinx, in silico analysis used molecular docking methods using PatchDock. The results of this study are the most compounds found in papaya leaf extract (Carica papaya) is carpaine with a concentration of 50.33%. then, carpaine compounds will be analyzed using in silico method to see its effect on appetite regulation. The results of in silico analysis showed that carpaine has a strong potential to interact with NPY, IL-1 Beta, and Leptin, forming a stable complex. The strongest bond occurs between carpaine and leptin, so it can be predicted that papaya leaf extract, especially carpaine, causes a feeling of fullness.
Keywords: Carpaine; leptin, ghrelin, molecular docking, appetit