Journal of Agromedicine and Medical Sciences
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Risk Factors of Perinatal Death Age 0-28 Days at RSD dr. Soebandi Jember
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Perinatal deaths are babies who die at <28 days of birth. According to WHO, there are 2.7 million perinatal deaths worldwide in 2015. In 2016, the number of infant mortality at Jember is 50.19 per 1000 live births and become the second rank in Jawa Timur after Probolinggo. Infant mortality has been associated by maternal, gestational and neonatal factors. The aim of this study is to determine the risk factors of perinatal death age 0-28 days in RSD dr. Soebandi Kabupaten Jember. This research was analytic observasional with case control design doing in RSD dr. Soebandi Kabupaten Jember. The samples were 65 cases and 65 controls. Data analysis was done by Chi-square test and Fisher’s exact test with significance value < 0,05. The results showed APGAR Score (p <0.001, OR = 6.51), birth weight (p <0.001, OR = 9.66), body length (p <0.001 OR = 5.07), gestational age (p = 0.002; OR = 2.92), congenital anomalies (p = 0.013; OR = -) and maternal age (p = 0.001; OR = 4.51) were risk factors for perinatal death 0-28 days in RSD dr. Soebandi Kabupaten Jember.
Keywords: perinatal deaths, neonatal factors, maternal factors, gestational factors
Effects of Murbei Leaf Extract (Morus alba L.) on Malondialdehyde (MDA) Eye Lens in Rats (Rattus novergicus) Cataract Model
Get PDFCataract is a degenerative disease and one of the leading causes of blindness in Indonesia and in the world. Free radical formation leads to pathological reactions in the lens that can induce lipid peroxidation that produces malondialdehyde (MDA). Mulberry leaf (Morus alba L.) is one of the plants rich in antioxidants. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect and effective dose of mulberry leaf extract on MDA content of eye lens in rats cataract model. This study is true experimental with posttest only control group design. This study used 7 groups, each 5 tails. Normal control groups were not treated. The negative control group induced sodium selenite 25 μmol / kgBW and was given 0.1% HPMC eye drops. The treatment group induced sodium selenite 25 μmol / kgBB and given 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3% and 0.4% mulberry leaf extract for 14 days. Measurement of MDA lens concentration are using MDA-TBA method. Data analyzed by using one way Anova test showed significant result with value p = 0,000 (p <0,05). Based on the results of this study it can be concluded that mulberry leaf extract has an effect on decreasing MDA lens in rats cataract model. Among the concentrations used, the concentrations that showed the lowest decrease in MDA concentration were 0.4%.Keywords: cataract, sodium selenite, malondialdehid, Morus alba
The Correlation Between Carbohydrate Consumption with Blood Pressure Levels of Elderly Communities in Sumbersari Jember
Get PDFThe increasing population of elderly causes getting more complex illness because impairment in  organ function, one of them is the blood vessels. Blood vessels will have decreased nitrite oxide that causes atherosclerosis, as the primary cause of the hypertension. The change of lifestyle and nutrient factor is related to the incident of hypertension. Meanwhile, Indonesians tend to prefer food sources of carbohydrate. The purpose of this research is to analyze relations between consumption of carbohydrate with blood pressure on elderly from active members of Karang Wreda Sriwijaya and Semeru Jaya Sumbersari Jember about 47 samples. This research is an analytic observational research with the cross sectional methods. In this research, samples were interviewed to describe the charracteristic ( the age, sex, the history of hypertension). Then samples were interviewed to know their carbohydrate consumption using 24-hours Food Recall method three times in different time with the maximum of two weeks and the blood pressure was checked with a mercurial sphygmomanometer. The results of this research based on the correlation of Spearman obtained a value of p=0,00 for the number of subject’s carbohydrates consumption with systolic blood pressure and p=0,02 for diastolic pressure. The conclusion is there is a correlation between carbohydrates consumption with systolic and diastolic blood pressure.Keywords: carbohydrates consumption, blood pressure, elderly Â
Humoral Response to Anopheles maculatus and Anopheles sundaicus Salivary Gland Proteins
Get PDFThe salivary gland of female Anopheles mosquito has important role in malaria transmission by salivary proteins that enhancing Plasmodium transmission. The mosquito saliva contains vasomodulatory and immunomodulatory components that inhibit the physiological response of the host. Therefore, the pathogen infects the host without any resistance. The salivary proteins also induce the production of antibody IgG in the host after exposed by the Anopheles mosquito bites repeatedly. This study aims to measured the antibody response of inhabitants living in malaria endemic areas (Kalirejo viilages, Kokap, Kulonprogo) to salivary gland proteins of An. maculatus and An.sundaicus. The level of antibody response was measured by ELISA and analyzed with T test or Anova test for normal distribution of data and Mann Whitney test or Kruskal Wallis test for the data were not normally distributed. The result showed that the level of anti-salivary gland homogenate IgG from sera of people living in malaria endemic area was significantly higher than people living in non-malaria endemic area and negative control (p<0.05). Sera from inhabitants living in Kalirejo village showed that the level of antibody response to both salivary gland homogenate of An.sundaicus and An.maculatus were not significantly different (p<0.05). It was concluded that exposure to An.maculatus and An.sundaicus bites repeatedly could trigger the production of anti-salivary gland proteins IgG antibodies that recognized antigenic proteins from the salivary glands
Effect Artificial Rice Diet Administration to Coronary Artery Histopathology of Rat Model Type 2 DM
Get PDFThe most common macrovascular complication of type 2 DM’s patiens is coronary artery disease caused by coronary artery stricture or spasm or both of them. The atherosclerosis process in coronary artery can be seen through coronary artery histopathology of rat. DM can be controlled so that the complication can be prevented, for example by controlling diet. Artificial rice with high fiber is one of breakthrough for DM patients diet. The purpose of this research is to know about the effects of artificial rice diet administration to coronary artery histopathology of rat model type 2 DM. Rats are divided to four groups consist of control normal group given standart feeding, PBA1;PBA2;PBB group are inducted by high fat diet and low dose STZ so that they become rat model type 2 DM. Since PBA1 is feeded by formula 1 artificial rice, PBA1 is feeded by formula 2 artificial rice and PBB is feeded by common rice. Rats are terminated and their hearts are taken away to make histopathology object and their coronary artery are seen under light microscope. Histopathology images are based on foam cell formed. Kruskal-Wallis’s result shows that p= 0,046 (p<0,05), so that there is a significant difference between groups.Keywords : DM, atherosclerosis, foam cell, coronary artery histopatholog
The Effectivity of Extracts Soybean on Increasing Concentration of RBP (Retinol binding protein) in White Rat (Rattus norvegicus) Kwashiorkor Model
Get PDFKwashiorkor is a disease caused by a deficiency of protein in terms of both quality and quantity. Kwashiorkor cause dysfunction in various organ systems. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of soy in increasing serum RBP levels in rat models of kwashiorkor. The liver is a vital organ for protein synthesis, one RBP. The liver is particularly vulnerable to the effects of kwashiorkor. The method used is the mice given low-protein diet for 30 days and then given extract of soybean meal for 30 days subsequent serum RBP levels were evaluated using ELISA method. The results showed that the soy extract can increase the levels of RBP in mice models of kwashiorkor. Keywords: RBP, soybean extracts and kwashiorkorÂ
The Effect Of Folic On Different Dosage Level Against Retina Destruction Level Of Mice With Peroral Methanol 50%
Get PDFIn recent years, there are many methanol poisoned cases. Methanol poisoned cause of blindness, CNS problem, and metabolic acidosis. Folic acid is the one of many medicinal treatment for methanol poisoned. Folic acid has important role on methanol metabolism in our body. The aim of the study was to known the effect of addition folic acid on retina damage level of methanol poisoned. The method is experimental laboratories (true experiment design) with post test only control group design. The study included 5 separate test. The subject were mice which in 2 - 3 months age and had weight about 25 - 35 gr. There were 5 groups subject in the study. There were control group which given usual meals for mice and aquadest, negative control group which given methanol 7gr/ kgBW, treatment group 1,2, and 3 were given methanol 7gr/kgBW and folic acid 1 mg/kg BW, 3mg/kgBW, and 5 mg/kgBW. The treatment was given about 24 hours, then the eyes of the mice were taken to made blood smear. Damage of eyes were evaluated based score determined before. It can be concluded that addition folic acid can reduce retina damage level of metanol poisoned
Comparative Effectiveness of Corn Oil (Zea mays) with Pure Coconut Oil (Cocos nucifera L.) to Reduced Glucose Blood Levels of Alloxane Injected Wistar Rats
Get PDFEpidemiological studies show an increased incidence of diabetes mellitus. The initial therapy of diabetes mellitus is a diet treatment. The recommended intake of fat is a Saturated Fatty Acids (SFA) <7% and a Polyunsatturated Fatty Acid (PUFA) <10% of calories. The corn oil contains PUFA and the virgin coconut oil contains SFA as the main component. Aims of this study was to compare the effectivity of corn oil (Zea mays) and virgin coconut oil (Cocos nucifera L.) in decreasing blood glucose level in alloxane-ijnected wistar rats. This was a laboratory experiment research, used the posttest-only control design. The negative control group was wistar rats injected by aquabidest and standard feed diet (K-); the positive control group was alloxane-injected rats with standard feed diet (K+); alloxane-injected rats with standard food diet and 0.54 mL of corn oil/day for 28 days were P1 group; alloxane-injected rats with standard diet food and 0.54 mL of virgin coconut oil/day for 28 days were P2 group. Statistical analysis using the one way ANOVA test showed that the corn oil and virgin coconut oil decrease blood glucose level, but there was no significantly difference in decresing of blood glucose level between P1 and P2. This study concluded that the corn oil and the virgin coconut oil have the same effectiveness in decreasing blood glucose level in wistar rats injected with alloxane.Keywords: Corn oil, virgin coconut oil, blood glucose level, alloxan
The role of Cholecalciferol in the Improvement of Insulin Resistance in Diabetic Mice Model
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Insulin resistance is an important predictor of the incidence of diabetes mellitus. Vitamin D deficiency is one of the risk factors for insulin resistance, and there is a relationship between hypovitaminosis vitamin D with the prevalence of diabetes mellitus. Cholecalciferol is one form of vitamin D3. HOMA-IR levels are one of the parameters of insulin resistance. This study aims to prove that administration of cholecalciferol can improve insulin resistance conditions in diabetic mice model. This study used 20 mice divided into 5 groups negative control(STZ+propilen glycol), positive control (STZ+metformin), P1(STZ+cholealciferol 25ng), P2(STZ+cholealciferol 50ng), P3(STZ+cholealciferol 100ng). Mice given STZ dose 150mg / KgBB intraperitoneal to obtain hyperglycemia conditions. Administration of cholecalciferol for 14 days. The result obtained average HOMA-IR level after treatment is negative control(2,32), positive control (0,825), P1(0,975), P2(0,5), P3(0,3). The result obtained average HOMA-B level after treatment is negative control (2,76), positive control (11,92), P1 (18,4), P2(10,88), P3(35,35). The result of statistical analysis using Kruskall wallis test obtained p <0,005. The conclusion of this study is that administration of cholecalciferol may improve insulin resistance in diabetic model mice.
Keyword : cholecalciferol, HOMA-IR, HOMA-B, streptozotocin
 
The Morphological Changes of Staphylococcus Aureus Caused by Ethanol extracts of Cocoa Beans (Theobama Cacao) through In Vitro
Get PDFStaphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is positive gram bacteria which often infect humans. The use of antibiotic for therapy is the factor of resistance. S. aureus resistant towards some biotic like  tetracycline, streptomycin, chloramphenicol, ampicilin, eritromisin and penicillin. The increase of the resistance demands more findings on new drugs. Ethanol extracts of cocoa beans has a block capacity towards the growth of S. aureus via in vitro. The effect of antibacterial of ethanol extracts has already been proved. However, its morphology changes on S. aureus after given ethanol extracts of cocoa beans is not found yet. This research is aimed at studying the morphological changes on S. aureus after given ethanol extracts of cocoa beans. The research design is Quasi Experimental with Posttest Only Control Group Design. The sample used is S. aureus whereas the material tests is ethanol extracts of cocoa beans in concentration of 31.2 mg/mL; 15.6 mg/mL and 7.8 mg/mL. The negative control is sterile aquades and the positive control is cephalexin suspension 4 ug/mL. The method for observing the S. aureus morphology change is scanning electronic microscope. The research result shows that there is a morphology change. Given ethanol extracts of cacao seed at 7,8 mg/mL and 15,6 mg/mL, there is enlargement of wall cell and the unity of septum. And at 31,25 mg/mL, there is protrusion at the wall cell and enlargement of wall cell.Keywords: Antimikrobial, Cacao, SEM, Staphylococcus aureus