Leading & Enlightening Journal UMY
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Availability of Essential Macronutrients in Hiyung Chilli Growth Media Under a Floating Raft System
No full textHiyung chilli (Capsicum frutescens) is a local cultivar grown in the lowland swamp agroecosystem of Hiyung Village, South Kalimantan, where cultivation is constrained by seasonal flooding and water fluctuation, limiting planting to once annually. This study evaluates the availability of essential macronutrients, such as nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K), in floating raft-based growing media supplemented with NPK fertilizer. A descriptive method was applied using three fertilizer doses: 0, 150, and 300 kg ha⁻¹. Results show that increasing fertilizer doses proportionally enhances nutrient availability, including NH₄⁺ (189,54 ppm), NO₃⁻ (26,17 ppm), available P₂O₅ (17,57 ppm), and K (0,65 me 100 g⁻¹), accompanied by a pH increase to 5.54. Correlation analysis reveals a strong to very strong positive relationship between pH elevation and macronutrient availability, and a weak to very strong relationship between nutrient levels and plant growth. These findings support sustainable nutrient management strategies to improve Hiyung chilli productivity under swamp-based cultivation conditions
Boosting Confidence: Kampung Inggris Students’ Journey in Improving Speaking Skill
No full textBackground: Speaking confidence is a critical affective factor in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learning, yet it remains one of the most challenging aspects for learners, particularly in non-native contexts like Indonesia. This study offers a novel perspective by exploring the emotional and experiential dimensions of speaking confidence through the lens of students enrolled in Kampung Inggris, a non-formal, immersive English learning environment.
Objective: This research investigated how EFL learners develop speaking confidence, overcome anxiety, and engage in authentic communication through daily interaction.
Methods: Using a qualitative narrative approach, the study was conducted in Kampung Inggris, Pare, East Java, with three EFL learners from varied educational backgrounds and varying lengths of stay. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, reflective journals, and observational notes, and they were analyzed thematically to identify patterns in emotional readiness, peer support, and strategic adaptation.
Findings: Consistent exposure to English, emotionally supportive peer interaction, and empathetic tutor feedback significantly contribute to EFL learners' transformation from hesitant speakers to confident communicators. Informal practice and community-driven support emerged as key elements in fostering fluency and self-assurance.
Conclusion: Immersive and emotionally supportive communication environments play a vital role in shaping EFL learners’ speaking confidence, and they should be considered in the design of learner-centered language programs
Hypoxia-Preconditioned Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes Enhance TGF-β and VEGF Expression
No full textThird-degree burns cause extensive damage from epidermis to subcutaneous tissue, often leading to infection, delayed healing, and hypertrophic scarring. Standard therapy, such as silver sulfadiazine (SSD), has limitations. Exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells under hypoxic conditions (EH-MSCs) contain bioactive molecules, including miRNAs and growth factors, that can modulate inflammation, stimulate angiogenesis, and regulate extracellular matrix formation. This experimental post-test control group study involved 30 male Wistar rats, divided into five groups: a healthy control, a burn + NaCl group, a burn + SSD group, a burn + EH-MSCs 100 µg/mL group, and a burn + EH-MSCs 200 µg/mL group. Third-degree burns were induced using a 2×2 cm heated metal plate. On day 5, the expressions of TGF-β and VEGF were measured by PCR. Data were analyzed using the Shapiro–Wilk test, Levene’s test, and one-way ANOVA with Tamhane’s post hoc test (p<0.05). Results exhibited a significant increase in TGF-β expression (p<0.05) in both EH-MSC-treated groups. VEGF expression was significantly enhanced in the 100 µg/mL group (p<0.05), while the 200 µg/mL group showed a higher absolute value without statistical significance. It is concluded that intradermal administration of EH-MSC-derived exosomes enhances wound healing in third-degree burn models by upregulating TGF-β and modulating VEGF expression, highlighting their therapeutic potential in promoting tissue regeneration
Determination of Hydroquinone in Whitening Cream Cosmetics in the Industrial Area of East Serang using UV-VIS Spectrophotometry Method
Full text linkHydroquinone is an active compound used to reduce reversible skin hyperpigmentation. This is why hydroquinone is often used as a bleach in creams. In this study, qualitative and quantitative analyses of hydroquinone in whitening cream cosmetic products circulating in the East Serang Industrial Estate, Serang Regency, which do not have an Indonesian Food and Drug Authority (BPOM) registration number, were performed. The sample in this study consisted of eight purposively selected samples, coded A, B, C, D, E, F, G, and H. The qualitative test was performed by determining the reagent's color with a FeCl3 solution. A quantitative test was carried out by determining the levels of hydroquinone compounds using a UV-Vis spectrophotometric method. The color reagent test results showed that all eight cream samples were positive for hydroquinone. The results of the quantitative test revealed that the eight positive cream samples contained hydroquinone with a sample A content of 2.10%, B by 1.70%, C by 4.34%, D by 5.61%, E by 6.11%, F by 1.77%, G by 5.40%, and H by 8.33%. Overall levels of hydroquinone in the samples used in this study exceeded the limit set by the Indonesian Food and Drug Authority (BPOM), which should not exceed 0.00%
Formulation and Antioxidant Activity of Syzygium polyanthum (Salam) Ethanolic Extract with Het-Cam Irritation Assessment
Full text linkEthanol extract of salam leaves (Syzygium polyanthum) contains flavonoids, tannins, essential oils, citric acid, and eugenol, which are efficacious as antioxidants, anti-cholesterol, antimicrobials, and antidiabetics. Extracts need to be formulated in gel dosage forms to obtain uniform doses, enhance the effectiveness of pharmacological effects, ensure hygiene, and facilitate ease of use. The study aims to develop a gel formula using the physical characteristics ANOVA method with ethanol extract from salam leaves at a 95% confidence level. The results revealed that the salam leaves ethanol extract gel had moderate to strong antioxidant activity. The results of the irritation test indicate that the characteristics have met the requirements for efficacious antioxidant dosage forms that do not cause irritation. The stages of the research method began with the development of a gel dosage form using Design Expert software. The gel formed exhibited physical characteristics, including organoleptic properties, viscosity, homogeneity, pH, adhesion, and spreadability. The gel effectiveness test included an antioxidant test using the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) method and an in vitro irritation test using the Hen's Egg Test Chorioallantoic Membrane (HET-CAM) method, which assessed the presence of lysis, bleeding, or coagulation in the test media
Evapotranspiration and Growth Responses of Kale (Brassica oleracea L. var sabellica) to Different Composition and Type of Planting Media
No full textKale (Brassica oleracea L. var. sabellica) is a high-value horticultural crop in Indonesia that requires precise water management to enhance productivity. This study examines the effects of growing media composition and type on water use efficiency, evapotranspiration (ET), and growth performance using a Randomized Complete Block Design with ANOVA and Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT). Two factors were tested: (1) media composition (M1: soil: media mix = 1:1; M2: 3:1; M3: 1:3) and (2) media type (P1: rice husk biochar; P2: manure; P3: cocopeat). Results showed an average water consumption of 254.98 ± 131.3 ml/day and water use efficiency of 11.6 ± 4.3%. ETo, ETc fluctuated due to environmental factors. Using Blaney-Criddle, ETo averaged 6.18 mm/day with Kc of 1.8 ± 0.45, while Hargreaves yielded 12.24 mm/day with Kc of 0.9 ± 0.22. Cocopeat and a 3:1 soil-media mix yielded 162 g/plant and a potential yield of 1.8 tons per hectare. These findings highlight the importance of optimized growing media for increasing water spinach productivity in tropical greenhouse conditions and provide a quantitative integration of evapotranspiration analysis across various growing media compositions and types
Distribution of Soil Density Values in Various Agricultural Lands in Jatipurno Sub-district, Indonesia
No full textSoil density is a crucial parameter for soil physical health. It influences the ability of plant roots to penetrate the soil, which in turn impacts the plant's absorption of water and nutrients. The research was conducted in Jatipurno Subdistrict, Wonogiri Regency, to determine the distribution of soil density, the influence of sources of diversity, the determinants of soil density, and recommendations for land use. Descriptive exploratory research through survey and laboratory analysis was employed in this study, with soil density measured using the Dynamic Cone Penetrometer (DCP). The quite high soil density class covers 2,631.28 ha (60.51%), and the high soil density class covers 1,716.87 ha (39.49%). Land use did not significantly affect soil density, whereas soil type, slope gradient, and rainfall did. Soil density values have a significant positive correlation with bulk density (r = 0.862; P-value = 0.000; N = 45) and texture (r = 0.572; P-value = 0.000; N = 45), and have a significant negative correlation with water content (r = -0.457; P-value = 0.002; N = 45), porosity (r = -0.699; P-value = 0.000; N = 45), and organic C (r = -0.404; P-value = 0.006; N = 45). These five parameters were selected as determining factors, increasing bulk density and texture (clay content), and decreasing water content, porosity, and organic C will increase soil density. Improved land management, based on these determining factors, is needed to increase agricultural land use for sustainable agricultural production, such as mulching, increasing organic matter content, and minimal tillage to maintain soil surface moisture
Incidence and Severity of Spodoptera frugiperda Attacks on Maize Crops in Kulon Progo District
No full textSpodoptera frugiperda is a pest that can rapidly destroy maize plants and cause economic losses for maize farmers. The objective of this study was to analyze the incidence and severity of S. frugiperda on maize crops in Kulon Progo District. Sampling locations were determined using the random stratified method. The purposive method was used to determine the maize fields used for sampling. The W-scouting method was used to calculate the incidence and severity of S. frugiperda infestation. The collected data were analyzed using a correlation test to evaluate the relationship between the incidence and severity of S. frugiperda infestation. The analysis revealed spatial variability in infestation levels. The lowest incidence was observed in Samigaluh Sub-district, with an infestation rate of 9.13%, whereas the highest was observed in Panjatan Sub-district, with a rate of 20.95%. The degree of crop damage also differed among locations. In Lendah Sub-district, the pest caused substantial injury, with 14 corn plants categorized as severely damaged. In contrast, Temon Sub-district recorded 176 plants exhibiting only minor damage symptoms. These results indicate that S. frugiperda infestations were present throughout the surveyed region, with the highest incidence detected in Panjatan and the lowest in Samigaluh, suggesting localized differences in pest pressure and environmental suitability
The Effect of Galoba (Hornstedtia alliacea) Extract on Cholesterol and Triglyceride Levels in Mice (Mus musculus) Hypercholesterolemia
No full textHypercholesterolemia is a metabolic condition with cholesterol levels >200 mg/dL that increases the risk of cardiovascular disease. Elevated triglycerides often accompany this condition, further increasing health risks. Galoba fruit (Hornstedtia alliacea) contains bioactive antioxidant compounds expected to improve lipid profiles. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of Galoba fruit ethanol extract on both total cholesterol and triglyceride levels in hypercholesterolemic mice (Mus musculus). A post-test-only control group design used 25 mice divided into five groups: normal control (NC), negative control (C−; high-fat diet), positive control (C+; 10 mg/kg BW simvastatin), and two therapeutic groups treated with Galoba extract at 200 mg/kg BW (T1) and 400 mg/kg BW (T2). Total cholesterol and triglycerides were measured after 14 days of intervention. Results showed a reduction in total cholesterol levels in all treated groups, with T1 (106.60 mg/dL) being more effective than T2 (113.60 mg/dL), compared to the Negative Control (C−) group (139.80 mg/dL). Similarly, triglyceride levels were lower in treatment groups, with T1 (120.00 mg/dL) showing lower levels than T2 (159.00 mg/dL) and C+ (146.80 mg/dL). Statistical analysis for triglycerides revealed a p-value of 0.132 (p > 0.05). Overall, Galoba fruit extract has the potential to lower both total cholesterol and triglyceride levels in mice, with the 200 mg/kg BW dose appearing more effective than the 400 mg/kg BW dose
Age-Related Susceptibility to Urinary Tract Infection Among Circumcised and Uncircumcised Preschool Boys in Jembrana, Bali, Indonesia: A Retrospective Analysis
No full textUrinary tract infection (UTI) is a frequent bacterial infection in children. In Indonesia, the interaction between age-specific susceptibility and circumcision status in preschool boys remains underexplored. This study analyzed age-related susceptibility to UTI among circumcised and uncircumcised boys aged two to five years at Negara General Hospital, Jembrana, Bali. A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted using medical records from 2016 to 2022. Eighty male patients meeting the inclusion criteria were analyzed. The relationships between age, circumcision, and UTI were assessed using the Chi-square test (p < 0.05). The overall prevalence of UTIs was 31.3%. Uncircumcised boys had a significantly higher infection rate (46.9%) compared to circumcised boys (6.5%). While age alone did not show a statistically independent effect, infection frequency was highest in uncircumcised boys aged 2–3 years and declined in older preschoolers as circumcision rates increased. Circumcision confers a significant protective effect against UTI in preschool boys. The data suggest that susceptibility decreases with age, primarily due to the protective benefits of circumcision and developmental maturation. Early circumcision combined with hygiene education is recommended