ODONTO : Dental Journal
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RONGGA MULUT SEBAGAI RESERVOIR POTENSIAL UNTUK INFEKSI Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Get PDFIntroduction : Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is Gram-negative bacteria which is normally inhabiting in environment, however it tends to be an opportunistic pathogen within oral cavity. It utilizes the oral cavity as potential reservoir to infect either lungs or oral cavity itself. Both planktonic and biofilm forms can mediate its infection in oral cavity so that making its difficulties to eradicate since its broad resistance to antibiotics.Method : We review the pathogenesis of oral infection and host defense mechanism to P. aeruginosa as well.Discussion: Several prevention strategies, both chemical and nonchemical, are elaborated to avoid oral bacterial contamination.Conclusion : Prevention strategies in dental aspect to P. aeruginosa is highly needed as its occurrence are susceptible to cross-infection
BAY LEAF (SYZYGIUM POLYANTHUM) EXTRACT EFFECT ON IL-10 EXPRESSION IN ORAL ULCER
Get PDFBackground: Traumatic ulcers were pathological conditions characterized by loss of epithelial and basal layers resulting from tissue surface excavation caused by trauma. Ulcer healing process consisted of inflammatory, proliferation, and maturation phases. One of the cytokines that play a role in the anti-inflammatory process was IL-10 which worked by balancing the excessive amount of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Bay leaf contained flavonoids which had anti-inflammatory effects. This study’s objective is to determine the effect of bay leaf extract gel on IL-10 expression in the healing process of traumatic ulcers.Method: This study was an analytical study of true experimental laboratories post-test only, consisting of four groups and a sample of 20 male Wistar rats. Mucous ulcers on rat lip were treated with bay leaf extract gel until the 3rd and 5th days. Rat mucosal tissue would be made histological preparations with immunohistochemical staining and calculated IL-10 expression using the Hotspot method. Data obtained then analyzed using Independent T-Test.Result: Results explained that there was a significant increase in IL-10 expression in the group treated using 10% bay leaf extract gel than the control group on 3rd and 5th day, which was marked by a significant p <0.05.Conclusion: The conclusion obtained was 10% bay leaf extract (Syzygium polyanthum) Gel effective in increasing IL-10 expression in the healing of the mucous traumatic ulcer of the mouth of the Wistar rat
THE EFFECT OF 17% ETHYLENEDIAMINETETRA-ACETIC ACID AS A MAIN IRRIGATION ON APICAL ROOT CANAL CLEANLINESS (ex vivo)
Get PDFBackground: The root canal wall becomes coated with a smear layer predominantly composed of organic and inorganic matter, debris and bacteria during root canal instrumentation. Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and ethylenediaminetetra-acetic acid (EDTA) are effective in removing the smear layer and they perform as lubricants during root canals instrumentation. The aim of this study was to analyze the efficacy of NaOCl and EDTA as lubricant during root canal preparation on apical third of root-canal wall.Method: Thirty-two premolars were all decoronated. All samples were randomly divided into 2 groups. All groups were instrumented with rotary instrument from #10.04 to #35.04 file. One group was irrigated with 17% EDTA and the other with 5.25% NaOCl. Then the teeth were dried, split into 2 halves and evaluated by 2 examiners under scanning electron microscopy (SEM) at the apical third of the root-canal wall at 1000x magnifications. Data was statistically analyzed using Mann-Whitney test.Result: The result showed that 17% EDTA produced significantly higher cleanliness on apical third of root-canal wall compared to 5.25% NaOCl (p < 0.05).Conclusion: EDTA 17% was able to clean apical third of root-canal wall better than NaOCl 5,25%
CHARACTERIZATION AND POTENCY OF STICHOPUS HERMANNI ETHANOL EXTRACT ON ORAL WOUND HEALING
Get PDFBackground: Stichopus hermanni contains protein, glycosaminoglycans and EPA-DHA, which accelerate oral wound healing. Ethanol is solvent with universal nature and frequently used in the extraction. This study aims to know the characterization and potency of Stichopus hermanni in oral wound healing. Methods: Stichopus hermanni was dried by freeze-dry method and extracted using ethanol solvent. Characterization was examined the levels of protein, glycosaminoglycans and EPA-DHA. In vivo, male wistar rats made traumatic ulcer at the lower labial mucosa by using thermal burn. Thirty-two rats are divided into four groups (n=8), negative control group (K), positive control group (AH) was given hyaluronic acid gel 0.2%, and treatment groups were given Stichopus hermanni 60%-80% (SH60-SH80) gel. The ulcer formed was given gel for four days. The rat’s labial mucosa was measured. The difference between the first and fourth day is tabulated. Data were analyzed by Anova and Tukey-HSD tests. Results: The result of Spectrophotometry show the contents of protein (19.39), glycosaminoglycans (2.79–3.98). The result of in vivo showed a significant difference in ANOVA test (K=1.07; AH=1.27; SH60=1.89; SH80=1.66). In the Tukey-HSD test, the SH60 group shows a significant difference between K and AH groups. Conclusion: Stichopus hermanni ethanol extract gel contain protein and Glycosaminoglycans and potency for oral wound healing
EKSTRAK DAUN SALAM DALAM MENINGKATKAN EKSPRESI FIBROBLAST GROWTH FACTOR PADA ULKUS TRAUMATIK RONGGA MULUT
Get PDFBackground: Traumatic ulcers are lesions of the oral mucosa caused by mechanical, chemical, and temperature trauma. Traumatic ulcer treatment aims to reduce inflammation, accelerate the healing process, and reduce pain. Bay leaf has anti-inflammatory pharmacological activities. This study aims to determine the effect of bay leaf extract on the expression of fibroblast growth factor in traumatic ulcer oral mucosa in Wistar rats.Method: This is an experimental research with a post-test only control group design, consisting of four groups with 20 sample of male Wistar rats. All animals were injured using a hot burnisher attached to the labial mucosa for 1 second. The gel was applied twice daily until the 3rd and 5th day after the ulcer has formed. Rat mucosal tissues were analyzed by immunohistochemical staining for FGF expressions. Statistical analysis using SPSS Mann-Whitney test.Result: The results showed the mean of cells expressing FGF in the bay gel extract group on the 3rd and 5th days were 8.4 ± 0.8, and 13.6 ± 0.5. Mann Whitney test results showed P<0.05 there is a significant differential expression of FGF traumatic ulcer oral mucosa of experimental animals on days 3 and 5 compared control group.Conclusion: Bay leaf extract increased FGF expression on days 3 and
METRONIDAZOLE GEL EFFECT ON RATS WITH BACTERIA-INDUCED PERIODONTITIS
Get PDFBackground: Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease in the periodontal tissue and causes progressive tissue damage. Tissue Inhibitor of Matrix Metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1) is directly responsible for the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases. Topical application of the metronidazole gel as a therapy for periodontal diseases can be used for additional therapy. This study aimed to analyze the effect of Metronidazole gel on periodontitis based on TIMP-1 levels in bacteria-induced periodontitis in rats. Methods: Twenty Sprague Dawley rats weighing 170-200 gram aged two months. Rats were divided into two groups: the control group and Metronidazole gel (Ti-es Metronidazole gel, 0.45 mg). Metronidazole gel was topically applied to the gingival sulcus. The gingival crevicular fluid sample was taken on day 3 with periopaper subjected to the Tissue Inhibitor of Matrix Metalloproteinase-1 level evaluation using the ELISA Method. Results: Normal reference Tissue Inhibitor of Matrix Metalloproteinase 1 levels gingival crevicular fluid 0.156-10 ng/ml. Tissue Inhibitor of Matrix Metalloproteinase 1 gingiva crevicular fluid in control and metronidazole gel was 1.34 ng/ ml and 3.57 ng /ml. There was a significant difference between control and metronidazole gel group (p<0.005)Conclusion: The Application of Metronidazole gel affects TIMP-1 levels in periodontitis
AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI FRAKSI ETANOL DAUN KEMANGI (Ocimum americanum) TERHADAP Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212
Get PDFBackground: Ocimum americanum (O. americanum) is a natural plant with antibacterial effects inhibits the growth of gram-positive and gram-negative anaerobic bacteria in the oral cavity. Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) is a gram-positive anaerobic bacteria in the root canal which is resistance to intracanal medicament. The purpose of this study is to analyze the antibacterial effect of ethanol fractionation of O. americanum towards E. faecalis ATCC 29212. Ocimum americanum is a natural plant that has antibacterial properties against grampositive and gram-negative anaerobic bacteria in the oral cavity. Enterococcus faecalis is an anaerobic gram-negative bacteria was found in root canals and resistant to various root canal medicament. The purpose of this study was to analyze the antibacterial effect of the ethanol fraction of Ocimum americanum against Enterococcus faecalis. Methods: The research method was experimental used disc diffusion technique. The fraction is made from solid extract into a polar solution with ethanol solvent with concentration 20%, 40%, 60% and 80%. The test was performed by measuring the inhibition zones around the disc after 24 hours.Results: Chemical properties of O.americanum are alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin, tanin, steroid, dan terpenoid. Inhibition zone of O. americanum fraction with concentration 20%, 40%, 60% and 80% is 8.8 cm, 9.8 cm, 11.1 cm and 16.7 cm. The measurement of O. americanum inhibition zone showed better results compared than positive control (Minosep).Conclusion: Ethanol fraction of O.americanum has antibacterial effect towards E. faecalis
COMPARATIVE ASSESSMENT OF ALOE VERA JUICE AND 0.06% CHLORHEXIDINE ON CANDIDA ALBICANS PLAQUE
Get PDFBackground: Candida albicans is an opportunistic microorganism found in the oral cavity. High numbers of C. Albicans were often detected in dental plaque from children with caries. Aloe vera contains active compounds such as anthraquinone and flavanoid that have an antifungal effect against C. Albicans. The study aimed to compare the effect between Aloe vera juice and 0.06% chlorhexidine mouth rinse on C. Albicans colonies in plaqueMethod: Experimental study consisted of 30 children with carious teeth >4. Subjects were divided into two groups; Aloe vera juice and chlorhexidine 0,06%.Subjects were instructed to use 10 ml of each mouthwash twice daily for 7 days. At baseline and 7thdays, dental plaque samples were collected and then inoculated on saboroud dextrose agar. C. Albicans colonies were counted and expressed in CFU/ml.Result: The data were analyzed using a paired T-test and Mann-Whitney U test. A significant reduction on C. Albicans colonies in plaque was observed with Aloe vera juice (p0,05).Conclusion: The present study suggested that Aloe vera juice can be used as amouthwash due to its ability in reducing C. Albicans in plaque
SEXUAL BEHAVIOR AND KNOWLEDGE LEVEL OF COMMERCIAL SEX WORKERS INFLUENCE THE SPREAD OF SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS
Get PDFBackground : Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are commonly found in commercial sex workers (CSWs) due to lack of knowledge and bad behavior in sexual intercourse. STI does not only cause symptoms in the genital area but also lesions in the oral cavity. Method : This research was an analytical survey with cross sectional approach. Samples were 110 CSWs selected by simple random sampling. Chi-Square test was used to see the difference in the influence of the level of knowledge and sexual behavior on the incidence of oral cavity lesions. Result: Oral cavity lesions related to STIs were found in 44 cases, including suspect oral candidiasis, ulcers, suspect linear gingival erythematous (LGE), Suspect Kaposi Sarcoma and Oral Hairy Leukoplakia. Lesions were found in 43.9% respondents with low knowledge level and 37.7% in good knowledge level. Chi-Square test obtained p value of 0.328 (p> 0.05) showed that there was no difference between the knowledge level and the occurrence of lesions. Lesions were found 94.1% in respondents with bad sexual behavior and 15.8% in respondents with good sexual behaviour. Chi-Square test obtained p value of 0.00 (p> 0.05) which means that there are significant differences between good sexual behavior respondents and bad sexual behavior respondents towards the presence of lesions. Conclusion: The level of knowledge was not a risk factor for oral lesions, whereas bad sexual behavior was a risk factor for oral cavity lesions
ANTIBACTERIAL POTENTIAL OF KAPUL FRUIT SKIN (Baccaurea macrocarpa) ON Streptococcus sanguis
Get PDFIntroduction: Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (SAR) is a recurrent ulceration lesion where many Streptococcus sanguis bacteria are found. Streptococcus sanguis bacteria can be killed by compounds that contain antibacterial. Kapul fruit (Baccaurea macrocarpa) is a typical Kalimantan fruit, has antioxidant and antibacterial activity which serves to kill Streptococcus sanguis. Method: Performed a quantitative phytochemical test on the kapul fruit peel and continued with the antibacterial activity test using the disc diffusion method of kapul fruit peel extract at the concentrations 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, 100%,Chlorhexidine as a positive control and aquades as a negative (n=4/group). Result: From the phytochemical test, Kapul fruit peel extracts contain 35,851% of alkaloid, 23,225% of saponin, 2,395mg of tannin and 21,000mg of flavonoids. Kapul fruit peel extracts has the potential as an antibacterial against Streptococcus sanguis at concentration of 40%, 60%, 80% and 100%. The concentration at 100% has an equivalent to chlorhexidine as an antibacterial potential.Conclusion: The potential of Kapul peel Extract as antibacterial to Streptococcus sanguis bacteria on 40%, 60%, 80%, 100% concentration. The concentration at 100% has an equivalent to chlorhexidine as an antibacterial potential